2017田静语法64课时讲义

1、全真题演练 第一部分 简单句第一章 简单句的核心第一节 简单句的核心构成1.主谓=主语+不及物动词(vi.)Smaller species survived.(2006, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 3)More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014,ReadingComprehension, PartA Text 1)2.主谓宾=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA,Text1)Man

2、y students experience both varieties. (2011, ReadingComprehension, PartB)very few women have 15 children.(2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.(2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)3.主谓双宾 =主语+及物动词(vt.)+两个宾语(人+物)They gave

3、justices permanent positions.(2012,Use ofEnglish)railroadscharged all customers the same average rate.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)4.主谓宾补=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语+宾语的补足语(简称宾补)You always keep your eyes open.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text1)The spooks call it open source intelligence,.(2

4、003,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)5.主系表=主语+系动词+表语This is a dangerous game. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartA, Text2)考研真题中常出现的系动词，总结如下：系动词 表达含义 真题例句be单独出现(无其他实义动词)“是”Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(2003, Translation)get/become/turn/go/ grow“变得”their behavior became markedly differe

5、nt.(2005,ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text1)look/sound/smell/taste/feel感官动词“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起They look cute. (2005, Read ing Comprehe nsio n,PartA, Textl)And most folks still feel pretty comfortableabout their ability(2004,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text3)keep / rema in /seem / appear/prove“保持着”“似乎”“证明出

6、，显示出”The prospect seems remote. (2010, Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)Nonetheless, unificationof sorts remains a major goal.(2012,Tran slati on)真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并判断谓语动词的种类及简单句的 种类。1.our preside ntcalls himselfthe Decider. (2009,Readi ng Comprehe nsio n, Part A Text 1)-主谓宾补2. The humiliatio n

7、 con tinues. (2004, Readi ng Comprehe nsion,Part A Text 2)主谓3. The computer js_ the 21st centurys culture machine. (2012,Read ing Comprehe nsion, Part B)-主系表4.poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. (2008,5.even the word“habit”carries a negative implication.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A

8、 Text 1)主谓宾 第二节简单句的核心变化一、谓语动词的变化1.谓语动词的时态“一般” 时态一般过去时：谓语动词 =did(动词的过去式)Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence. (2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)6this city was one of the largest humansettlements in the world.(2014,Reading Comprehension, Part B)一般现在时：谓语动词 =do / does(

9、动词的原形或第三人称单数)So far the results are inconclusive. (2009, Use of English) But most lawgraduates never get a big-firm job. (2014,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and thelandscapesTra nslation)主谓双宾around sites. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)T

10、oday it makes almost no difference. (2000, Reading Comprehension,Part AText 2)Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. (2001,Translation)一般将来时：谓语动词=will + do或am / is / are goi ng to +doWe will have a less civil society. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 4)I dont know if o

11、ther clients are going to abandon me,too.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)the problems will be differe nt.(2002, Read ingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies aregoing tobe able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (2

12、005,Translation)7(一般)过去将来时：谓语动词=would + do或was / were goi ngto + doThey gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upsetthosein power .(2012, Use of English)it simply didn t foresee what would happen next. (2012, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)For a while it looked as though the

13、 making of semiconductorswasgoing tobe the next casualty.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)“进行”时态过去进行时：谓语动词=was / were + doingHe was searching for tiny engraved seals. (2014, ReadingComprehension,Part B)Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board ofHartfordFinancial

14、Services Group. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text2)现在进行时：谓语动词=am / is / are + doi ngHome prices are holding steady in most regions. (2004,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Every cat with an owneris running a small -scale study in operantconditioning. (2009, Use of English)8将来进行时：谓语动词=will

15、be + doing(其中be动词永远用原形be)过去将来进行时：谓语动词=would be + doing(其中be动词永远用原形be)以上两种时态在考研真题当中， 几乎不出现， 建议考研的同学们不用 掌握。“完成” 时态过去完成时：谓语动词=had + doneHe had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20worth ofgambling. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)The interviewers had ratedapplicants on a scale

16、of one tofive.(2013, Use ofEnglish)he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind hadchangedduring the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008, Translation)Roman Catholicism had been the state religion.(2007, Useof English)现在完成时：谓语动词=have / has + do neTimehasgive nthem legitimacy. (

17、2014, Read ingComprehension, Part A Text3)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become animportant issue recently.(2012, Use of English)For the most part, the response has been favorable.(2011,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)9Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerc

18、e, with limitedsuccess,and expansion abroad. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Families have also experienced changes these years. (2004, Use ofEnglish)将来完成时：谓语动词=will have + donerelaxation will be in front of smell-television, anddigital age will havearrived. (2001, Translation)“完成进行”时态现在完成进行时：谓

19、语动词=have / has been + doi ng角度相同 都表示“现在的之前”两种时态 现在完成时have/has + done现在完成进行时have/has been + doing强调不同 强调结果(做完与否都可以) 强调过程例句We have not won the match. We have been working hard for severalmonths.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Bank

20、ers have been blaming themselves for their troubles inpublic. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)10过去完成进行时：谓语动词=had been + doi ng将来完成进行时：谓语动词=will have been + doi ng以上两种在考研真题中没有出现过，不用掌握真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分， 并判断谓语动词的时态及时态表达 的含义。1.A received one for its“one- click”online paymentsystem. (2010,Re

21、ading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2.in sects would eat us up ifbirdsfailed to con trolthem.(2010, Translation)3.I am going to suggest that it is not true. (2006, Translation)4.We will become a second-rate country. (2004, ReadingComprehension, Part AText 4)5. And a significant number of the homeless

22、 have serious mentaldisorders.(2006, Use of English)6. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.(2008, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)7. A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinkingseriously about that question. (2013, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 3)8.For

23、eign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domesticmarket.(2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)119.By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had becomeindependent nations. (2007, Use of English)10. Americanslife expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.(2003,Reading

24、 Comprehension, Part A Text 4)11. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in thesocialsciences too. (2012, Translation)12.for a century,past conditionsof lifehave beenconditionally speeding up.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)2.谓语动词的情态 考研中常出现的情态动词如下： 现在时 过去时must无can Co

25、uldwill Would shall(考研真题中不常出现)Should may Might以上几个情态动词详细用法如下： 情态 含义 真题例句12动词must“必须”we must also tread with caution.Reading Comprehension, Part B)(2012,Scientists must communicate their message to the public in acompassionate, understandable way. (2003, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 2) can could

26、“ 能够可以”and the right mental workoutscan significantly improve our basiccognitive functions.(2014, Use of English)Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.(2011, Use ofEnglish)will would“ 愿意将要”(表示“将要” 时常用于将来 时态)Will you marry me?The first draft will appear on the page. (2008,Reading

27、 Comprehension, Part B)Potential home buyerswould cheer for lower interest rates. (2004,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) may might“ 可以可 能”expressi on smay in flue nee emotio ns rather tha n just the otherway around.(2011, Use of English)Sueh bodily reaetion might eoneeivably help moderate the e

28、ffeets ofpsyehologieal stress.(2011, Use of English)should“应该”Ameriea should follow. (2014, ReadingComprehensi 13on, Part A Text 2)Those suffering from persistent nightmares shouldseek help from a therapist. (2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text3)除了表示“情绪和态度”之外，每一个情态动词都能表示推测：The details may beunkn

29、owable.(2010, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text4)Such searches can take years. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)this loss of men tai focus can pote ntiallyhave a damag ingimpact on ourprofessional, social, and personalwellbeing. (2014, Use ofEnglish)情态动词的用法变体：the peculiar way of conducting the e

30、xperiments may haveled to misleading interpretation of what happened.(2010, Use of English)Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.(2006, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)真题演练： 请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分，并找到情态动词，写出含义。1.Could it really be that simple? (2013, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 2)

31、142. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.(2004,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)3. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legalsystem.(2007, Translation)4.In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficientlyquick orthoughtful. (2011, Re

32、ading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)5. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next.(2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Big retailers must understand these differences beforethey can identify thesegments of European wholesaling . (2010, Reading Comprehension,Part B)3.谓语动词的语态

33、 被动语态的构成：be + doneUn fort un ately,these criticsareforgotte n.(2010,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)被动语态与时态的结合For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.(2010, Use ofEnglish)Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. (2002,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)15The trut

34、h will not be known for years. (2010, ReadingComprehension, Part AText 4)But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. (2000,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basicintellectual discipline in European universities. (2007, Transla

35、tion)被动语态与情态的结合In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced.(2013,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)weaker races and societies must eve ntually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies. (2009, Reading Comprehension, PartB)真题演练：请用下划线标出谓语动词的部分， 时态还是情态相

36、结合并理 解其含义。1.“Benefits”have beenoutcomes. (2002, Use ofEnglish)2.Research institutionstours.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)3.A great deal of attention so-called digital divide.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)164. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. (

37、2006,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)5. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single并找到被动语态，分辨被动是与weighed against“harmfulcould be opened tois being paid today to thetopic. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Paid and ownedmedia are controlled by marketers promoting their

38、ownproducts. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)4.谓语动词的否定American professors did not possess one. (2011, ReadingComprehension, Part B)They do not fund peer-reviewed research. (2014, ReadingComprehension,Part A Text 3)To be sure, the future is not all rosy. (2013, Reading Comprehension,Part

39、AText 3)With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in withhumor . (2002,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)average heighthasnt really changed since I960. (2008,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)5.补充：谓语动词的强调17Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: .(2006,Use of Eng

40、lish)But science does provide us with the best available guideto the future(2005,Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)It did know he had a problem. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)二、 主语、宾语、表语的变化(一)名词、代词作主语、宾语、表语The process is natural selection. (2008, Use of English)But most law graduates never

41、get a big-firm job. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)They financed them. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 2)(二)非谓语动词doing作主语、宾语1. doing作主语.suffering is inevitable. (2014, Translation)laugh ing probably has littlein flue neeon physicalfitness. (2011, Use ofEnglish)Making friends is

42、extremely important to teenagers.(2003,Use of English)buthaving only a foggy view of the future is of little good.(2007, ReadingComprehension, Part B)182. doing作宾语Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. (2000,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Thinking is essentially a process of making co

43、nnections in the brain.(2014, Useof English)(三)非谓语动词to do作主语、宾语、表语1. to do做主语to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. (2009,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)To take this approach to the New Englanders normally meansto start with thePuritanstheological innovations and thei r distinctive

44、 ideas about thechurch.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)It is important to do so.(2002, Use of English)It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. (2010,Translation)2. to do作宾语They may then decide to go elsewhere. (2011, Reading Comprehension,PartB)19Fortunately, the White Hous

45、e is starting to pay attention.(2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text2)The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliarandemergency signals(2005, Use of English)3. to do作表语The trick is to direct these funds better. (2013, Reading Comprehension,PartB)one ben efit of a“n atio

46、 nal”orga ni zati on would be tonegotiate betterpriceswith drug manufacturers. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartB)(四)并列多个主语宾语表语Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity.(2013, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Social science disciplines include geography, economics,political scie

47、nce,psychology, and sociology. (2003, Translation)That doesnt meanlying downand becoming fooled, or letting foreigncorporations run uncontrolled. (2001, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 2)it invo Ives sett ing specific goals, obta ining immediate feedbackandconcentratingtechnique.(2007, Reading Com

48、prehension,Part A Text 1)20In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text4)The researchers mappednot only the citys vast and ornateceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes. (2014, Readin

49、gComprehension, Part B)Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. (2014,Reading Comprehension, Part B)the amateurs have ten ded either to rema in in local societies or tocometogethernationally in a differentway. (2001, ReadingComprehension, Part AText 1)todays immigration is n

50、either at unprecedented levelsnor resistant toassimilation. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)真题演练：找到主语的部分，并判断是什么来充当的。1. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact.(2010,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)2.spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast asinflation. (2014

51、,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)3. It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media inthis overwhelminglysignificant phase in European history.(2005, Translation)21insecurity havePartA, Text3)找到宾语表语的部分，并判断是什么来充当的6. Americans have generally stopped growing. (2008, ReadingComprehension,Pa

52、rt A Text 3)only job is to explore emotions.(2006,4.Setting the proper investmentlevel for security,redundancy, and recovery is amanagement issue, not a technicalone.(2007, ReadingComprehension, PartA Text 4)5. Terrorism,economic uncertaintiesand general feelings ofincreasedpeoples anxiety.(2005, Re

53、ading Comprehension,7.artistsReading Comprehension,Part A Text 4)8. Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account”(2008,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)9.the best strategy is to use the age nt as a kind of tip service .(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)10. In order to achieve these

54、 objectives, we must concentrate more onco-productions, the exchange of news, documentary servicestraining.(2005, Translation)第二章 简单句的扩展第一节 词性角度的扩展22一 、限定词修饰名词The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully tothefuture. (2007, Use of English)By the third generation, one third of

55、 Hispanic women are married toandnon-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married tonon-Asians. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified Americananti-intellectualism.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Merrill Lynch got legal prote

56、ction for an asset allocation strategy. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)二、形容词adj./副词adv.(一)形容词、副词作修饰成分The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptiveobserver. (2012,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. (2009,ReadingCompr

57、ehension, Part A Text 4)and the right men tai workouts can sig ni fica ntly improve our basiccognitivefunctions. (2014, Use of English)23Strangely, it has involved little physical change.(2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)The tourist streams are not entirely separate.Reading Comprehension,Pa

58、rt A Text 2)because they are so closely tied.(2012, Use of En glish)真题演练： 请划出形容词和副词的部分，并且判断其作用。1. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression ispurely and exclusivelyphysical: sound. (2014, Translation)2.Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to (2005,ReadingComprehension, Part B)3.

59、In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formalteaching and training.(2009, Translation)4.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable(2013, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)5. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.(2006,join.claim.(2009, Reading Co

60、mprehension, Part A Text 3）（二）形容词、副词的三种比较级别24 adj.adv.的3种比较 级别 形式 真题例句 原级比较as +adj./adv.原形（比 较的内容）+ as比 较的对象“和相比一样的”Few people are as fertile as in the past. （2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2）The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.（2014,Reading Comprehension, Part