动词课件修正版

1、 动词动词 动词：表示动作或状态等的词。动词：表示动作或状态等的词。 如：如：run跑跑 push 推推 have有有 be 是是动词的分类一、按词义和其在句中的作用分二、短语动词 三、按动词的形式分一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类类别类别特点特点意义意义举例举例实义动词实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思I am a student.助

2、动词助动词(aux. v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情态动词情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语，表示说话人语气、情态等，无人称和数的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better. 二、短语动词：二、短语动词：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下：表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下：构成方式构成方式举例举例

3、动词动词+介词介词look at, look after动词动词+副词副词give up, put into动词动词+副词副词+介词介词catch up with, look down upon动词动词+名词名词+介词介词take care of, pay attention to be+形容词形容词+介词介词be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构复杂结构make up ones mind三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词1、谓语动词、谓语动词形形 式式意意 义义举举 例例人称人称与主语的人称一致与主语的人称一致I a

4、m reading now.( I am reading now.( 第一人称第一人称) )数数与主语的数一致与主语的数一致He writes well. (He writes well. (第三人称单数第三人称单数) )时态时态表示动作发生的时间表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. He wrote a letter to me last month. ( (过去时态过去时态) )语态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受主语是动作的发生者或者承受者者We study English.(We study English.(主动主动) )The ro

5、ad was filled with rubbish. (The road was filled with rubbish. (被被动动) )语气语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等等He has flown to America. (He has flown to America. (事实事实) )I wish I could fly to the moon some I wish I could fly to the moon some day. (day. (愿望愿望) )2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和起形容词和名词作用名词作用可作主语、

6、表语、宾可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语语、定语、状语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school.动名词起名词作用起名词作用作主语和宾语作主语和宾语She likes reading.分词现在分词起形容词副起形容词副词作用，表词作用，表主动、进行主动、进行作表语、定语、状语、作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语宾语补足语The cup is broken.过去分词起形容词副起形容词副词作用，表词作用，表被动、完成被动、完成The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.Be 动词的用法归纳用法一用法一 ：系动词：系动词be

7、 be为连系动词，中心词义是“是”，句型为“主系表”结构。be的形式常用: am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)； will/can/may/must + be(助动词/情态动词原形)； have/has/had + been(助动词过去分词)等。如： To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时) The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时) It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时) She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)

8、用法二用法二 ：助动词：助动词 be 助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下： 1. be + doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如： The girl is reading a novel now. Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. 2. be + done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如： Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态) This building was built thr

9、ee years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态) Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态) How could this kind of bread be made in your hometown?(含情态动词的被动语态) That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态) 3. be + going to do，表“打算或计划将要做某事”，be有现在和过去两种形式。如： We are going to plant trees in the park. I di

10、dnt know if she was going to come here. 4. be + to do，表示“按计划安排将要做某事”。如：The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have her special boy.She is to be married next month.用法三用法三 there be there be句式为：there be+主语部分状语部分，表示“某处存在某物”，be常用现在时、

11、过去时和将来时等。如：Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even one yuan in my wallet. There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.Will there be a football match in your school next week? 用法四用法四 实义实义be 可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如“成为、做、发生、举行、逗留、到达“ 等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her

12、twenties. Kates birthday party will be at half past six this evening. Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Gui Yang.非谓语动词（动词不定式和动词非谓语动词（动词不定式和动词- ing形式形式)中考考查重点讲解中考考查重点讲解eg: He has promised to behave better later. The boy decided not to become a sailor. I hope to

13、 go to college. He agreed to help us. She chose to study English. He failed to persuade him. Do you wish to eat alone?1、promise, decide hope, agree, choose fail, wish, learn+ to do sth. 2、enjoy, finish, keep, mindsuggest, cant help + doing sth.eg : He always enjoys listening to music. I have finishe

14、d cleaning the room. You shouldnt keep changing your ideas like this. Would you mind _ (come) with you? He suggested _(go out) for a walk. I couldnt help _(cry). my cominggoing outcrying3、love, hate, forgetremember, stop, like try , mean+to do sth.doing sth. Mary loves_ (read). I hate _(trouble he).

15、 她忘记寄这封信了。她忘记寄这封信了。She forgot _. 我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。 Ill never forget _ a letter for the first time. I remember _ her once. = I remember that I _ ( see )her once. Remember _ me. = I hope youll phone me.reading / to readto trouble / troubling himto post the letterpostingseeing saw to phone 他

16、停下来跟我说话。他停下来跟我说话。He stopped _. 他停止讲话他停止讲话 He stopped _. 他喜欢游泳。他喜欢游泳。He likes _. 我不想打扰你。我不想打扰你。I dont like _. 她试着写作文。她试着写作文。She tried _. 她设法打电话找你。她设法打电话找你。She tried _ 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 I meant _ today, but I forgot. 这意味着浪费时间。这意味着浪费时间。This means _ much time.to talk with metalkin

17、g swimmingto disturb youwriting a compositionto get you on the phoneto give you this book wasting 4、ask, tell, get, wish , want teach, know, understand+ sb. to do sth. (1) I asked him _(come) here early. (2) Get him _ (see) a doctor. (3) Ive known him _(run) very fast. (4) What did you understand hi

18、m _? 你认为他说的是什你认为他说的是什么意思呢？么意思呢？to cometo seeto runto say5、make, have , let see, watch, hear, feel , notice+ sb. do sth.eg I cant make the horse go. I wont have (允许，容许允许，容许) you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。我可不许你说这样的话。 My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. Did you notice him leave the house? 你看到他离开

19、房间了吗？你看到他离开房间了吗？ I often hear him sing the song. Sb. + be done + to do sth.(被动语态被动语态)eg He is often heard _ the song. They were made _ day and night.to singto work6、be + happy, glad, pleased angry, sorry, luckyslow, quick, careful ready, nice+ to do sth.eg I am sorry to hear that. He is wrong to say

20、 so. I was very lucky to get a copy so cheap. 我这么便宜地买到一本我这么便宜地买到一本,真是幸运极了。真是幸运极了。 I am quick to learn English. Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上掉下来。当心别从梯子上掉下来。 He is ready to help . 愿意帮忙。愿意帮忙。7、think, make find, feel+ it + adj. / n + to do sth.eg I found it very important to learn English well.= I found that _ _very important to learn English well.I feel it my duty to do so. = I feel that _ _my duty to do so.it wasit isclever, wise, kind,good, right, nicewrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish carefu