定语从句讲解.

1、GrammarAttribute (定语定语)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautiful The positions of the attribute: （定语的位置）（定语的位置）1. This is a flower basket.2. This is a basket full of flowers.3. Th

2、is is a basket that I want to put flowers in.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。于被修饰词的后面。闪光的东西不一定是金子。.玩火者必自焚。谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。 结果好，一切都好。智者寡言。2. He who plays with fire gets burnt. 3. He laughs best who laughs last.4. Alls well that ends well.5. He is a wise man who speaks

3、 little. 1.All that glitters is not gold.Key words:定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词Attributive clause定语从句定语从句定语从句: 修饰某个名词或代词的从句修饰某个名词或代词的从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系代词关系代词: that which, who,whom,whoseThe man who lives next to us sells

4、 vegetables.The man sells vegetables. He lives next to us.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：连接主句和从句连接主句和从句 （引导从句）（引导从句） 在从句中指代先行词在从句中指代先行词 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 WhoWhomWhichthat指人指人 指物指物 从句中充当从句中充当主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语关系代词何时能省略？作宾语时可省略1. He is a teacher _ I like very much.2. Those pict

5、ures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.whom/that/whowhich/thatFill in the blanks: who whom which thatWhose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其引导定语从句，其后后应紧应紧跟名词跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.who

6、se引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指以指人人，还可以指，还可以指物物。 A.需要注意的几个问题： a 只能用that 不能用which/who的情况1.先行词既有人又有物先行词既有人又有物I still remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.2.先行词为不定代词（先行词为不定代词（all, few, anything, something, nothing, everything)You must do everything that I do.4先行词被序数词先行

7、词被序数词, adj最高级最高级或或the only, the very the last等所修饰等所修饰He is the very person that I am looking for.3先行词被先行词被all, little, much, any, no, every等修饰等修饰,常用常用thatAny man that wants to succeed must work hard.Who is the boy _ was here just now?that5主句主句里已有里已有who/which，为避免重复，定语从句用，为避免重复，定语从句用that引导引导6.当先行词在定语从

8、句中作表语时当先行词在定语从句中作表语时He is no longer the boy_he was 10 years ago. that B.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因状语时间、地点或原因状语关系副词关系副词when在从句中充当在从句中充当时间状语时间状语。关系副词关系副词where在从句中充当在从句中充当地点状语地点状语。关系副词关系副词why在从句中充当在从句中充当原因状语原因状语。关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here

9、. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =why关系副词实际上是关系副词实际上是介词先行词介词先行词1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I wo

10、rked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词Fill in the blank: when, where, why, which, thatin which, for

11、whichRevision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial D. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1 China is a country which has a long history.2 China

12、, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：1）形式上无逗号，）形式上无逗号，2）意义上是先行）意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除 非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：1）形式上有逗号与主句隔开）形式上有逗号与主句隔开 2）是对）是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 3）关系词）关系词不用不用 that且不能省且不能省 E. 介词+ 关系代词 1. 由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要 The speed

13、at which light travels is 300,000km per second. The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom. 介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配 Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. This is the job at which they laughed.This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you

14、lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?with which to whomto whichabout whichfor which2.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用of which China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. I have many friends, _

15、 some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom DD ：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 当与当与such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,

16、 as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1.The earth is round, _ is known to all.2. _ is known to all, the earth is roundwhich asAsas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/

17、as we expected 结论结论: as ,which均可引导非限制性定语从句均可引导非限制性定语从句,as 引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如如.，正象，正象”之意，之意， 与之连用的词有与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等，常用等，常用被动结构如被动结构如as is announced(据宣布）；据宣布）；as is reported（据报道）；（据报道）；as is expected(正如所期待正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料想的那样；不出所料）；料）；as has been ex

18、plained（正如所解释的那样）（正如所解释的那样）;关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which

19、 B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 与与which 的区别的区别that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. tha

20、t B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(the first

21、),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this A.which B that C this D.itD.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面 2,介词后面介词后面2. The day

22、_ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引出。此时关系代词只能用出。此时

23、关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing UniversityBeijing University .I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man (who/whom/that)(who/whom/that) I talked I talked about about at the meeting at the meeting is from Beijing is from Beiji

24、ng University.University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whomFilling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our

25、headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考点三考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行

26、词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。 Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词作先行词时时, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考点五考点五: that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从

27、句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(

28、which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放

29、于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语) 3. This is one of the best books 3. This is one of the best books _._. A. that have ever been written A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written C. that has written D. that have w

30、ritten D. that have written4. She is the only one of the girls 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class._ well in class. A. which sings B. A. which sings B. who sing who sing C. who sings D. C. who sings D. who to singwho to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB