论文）CAD课程简易光控报警器

1、. 电子线路CAD课程设计简易光控报警器姓名黄磊院系信息学院自动化系班级电气工程及其自动化1082班学号200811631214指导教师张波时间2010年12月8日：目 录摘要IIIINTRODUCTIONIII1系统原理设计11.1光敏电路：11.2电压比较电路：11.3报警延时模块：11.4报警电路：12电路原理图设计21.1新建项目和原理图并保存22.5设置原理图图纸参数22.6绘制原理总图22.7根据总图符号创建下层原理图32.8放置所有元件32.9连线，设置元件参数42.10自动更新元件流水号62.11编译项目62.12生成网络报表73PCB电路图设计73.1新建PCB73.2导入元

2、件73.3自动布局83.4手动布局93.5自动布线93.6PCB检查93.7PCB的3D显示103.8生成PCB网络报表网络布线长度报表及PCB基本信息104元件表11鸣 谢12参考文献13摘要随着社会的进步，人们对隐私及安全的要求越来越高。为了保证人民群众的财产安全，人们发明了报警器。这种全天候无需人手操作自动运行的工具广泛应用于各个领域。下面我来解释一下一个简单的光控报警器。本设计主要是由光敏电路，电压比较电路，报警延时电路和报警电路组成。当光敏电路接受到光强的变化之后，通过处理输出，比较之后输出报警信号，通过延时电路延时，由报警电路负责报警。光敏电路由光敏二级管和施密特触发器组成，接收光

3、信号，电压比较电路通过电压比较器进行对信号的比对处理，报警延时电路负责加工输出，产生一个约1分钟的输出信号，报警电路由多谐振荡器生成一个震荡信号，驱动喇叭输出报警信号。关键词：报警器；光控；光敏二极管；555定时器 INTRODUCTIONAs society progresses, people on the privacy and security have become increasingly demanding. To ensure the safety of people's property, people invented the alarm. This all-wea

4、ther run automatically without manual tools are widely used in various fields. Now I will explain a simple light control alarm.This design is mainly sensitive circuits, the voltage comparator circuit, the alarm delay circuit and alarm circuit. When the photosensitive circuit after the change of ligh

5、t intensity received by processing the output, after comparing the output alarm signal, through delay circuit delay, the alarm circuit is responsible for the police. By the photosensitive diode, photosensitive circuit and Schmitt Trigger, receive optical signals, the voltage comparison circuit throu

6、gh a voltage comparator for comparing the signal processing and alarm delay circuit is responsible for processing the output, resulting in an output signal of about 1 minute , the alarm circuit from the multivibrator generates a shock signal to drive speaker output alarm signal.KEYWORDS: ALARM；LIGHT

7、 CONTROL；PHOTOSENSITIVE DIODE；555 TIMER简易光控报警器电气1082，200811631214，黄磊指导教师：张波1 系统原理设计本次设计主要是由光信号转变为电信号，再通过放大比对，输出报警信号，由报警器（喇叭）输出声音信号。主要包括4个模块：1.1 光敏电路：光敏二极管具有光敏特征的PN结，具有单向导电性，因此工作时需加上反向电压。无光照时,有很小的饱和反向漏电流,即暗电流，此时光敏二极管截止。当受到光照时,饱和反向漏电流大大增加，形成光电流,它随入射光强度的变化而变化。当光线照射PN结时，可以使PN结中产生电子一空穴对，使少数载流子的密度增加。这些载流子

8、在反向电压下漂移，使反向电流增加。当二级管D1感受到教强的光线时二极管导通，555定时器输入相当与是接地。555定时器接法为施密特触发器，用于电流整形。光线较强时光敏电路输出为低电平。当光敏电阻接受到的光强度变小，即传感器受到物体阻挡，光敏二极管截止，555定时器通过R1接VCC，输出高电平，触发报警。1.2 电压比较电路：在本单元电路中，U1作为电压比较器，它的第3脚由R2、D2提供基准电压，当信号端1输出信号电压到达U1的2脚时，两个输入端的电压进行比较，查看U1的1脚是高电平还是低电平。（实际上这部分可以去掉，前面的施密特触发器已经充当了这一功能，但保险起见，还是加入进来。）1.3 报警

9、延时模块：当信号输入，比较器开始工作。同时R6和C2开始充电，当6脚的电平超过5脚的电平时，比较器7脚输出为低电平，蜂鸣器停止报警。通过计算，此充电过程大约为一分钟，即让蜂鸣器持续报警一分钟。1.4 报警电路：输入高电平，555定时器开始工作，产生频率为1/（R11+R10*2）*C4*ln2）的震荡电压，再通过Q1激发喇叭发出警报。2 电路原理图设计2.1 新建项目和原理图并保存2.5 设置原理图图纸参数2.6 绘制原理总图采用自顶向下设计层次原理图2.7 根据总图符号创建下层原理图选择I/O端口不相反2.8 放置所有元件（其余3图略）2.9 连线，设置元件参数2.10 自动更新元件流水号2

10、.11 编译项目编译没有错误2.12 生成网络报表报表见附录3 PCB电路图设计3.1 新建PCB3.2 导入元件3.3 自动布局发现自动布局不理想，选择手动布局3.4 手动布局3.5 自动布线3.6 PCB检查Protel Design System Design Rule CheckPCB File : 学DXP设计报告用PCB_BX.PCBDOCDate : 2010/12/7Time : 19:37:48Processing Rule : Hole Size Constraint (Min=1mil) (Max=100mil) (All)Rule Violations :0Proces

11、sing Rule : Height Constraint (Min=0mil) (Max=1000mil) (Prefered=500mil) (All)Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Width Constraint (Min=10mil) (Max=10mil) (Preferred=10mil) (All)Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Clearance Constraint (Gap=10mil) (All),(All)Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Broken

12、-Net Constraint ( (All) )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Short-Circuit Constraint (Allowed=No) (All),(All)Rule Violations :0Violations Detected : 0Time Elapsed : 00:00:013.7 PCB的3D显示3.8 生成PCB网络报表网络布线长度报表及PCB基本信息Nets report ForOn 2010/12/7 at 19:54:15GND Signal Layers Only Length:6277 milsNetC1_2

13、 Signal Layers Only Length:560 milsNetC2_1 Signal Layers Only Length:4719 milsNetC3_2 Signal Layers Only Length:622 milsNetC4_2 Signal Layers Only Length:1108 milsNetD1_2 Signal Layers Only Length:3284 milsNetD2_1 Signal Layers Only Length:497 milsNetD3_2 Signal Layers Only Length:3175 milsNetLS1_2

14、Signal Layers Only Length:273 milsNetQ1_2 Signal Layers Only Length:262 milsNetR10_2 Signal Layers Only Length:1296 milsNetR12_1 Signal Layers Only Length:846 milsNetR3_2 Signal Layers Only Length:3320 milsNetR7_1 Signal Layers Only Length:4099 milsNetR8_1 Signal Layers Only Length:3965 milsNetU1_3

15、Signal Layers Only Length:1554 milsVCC Signal Layers Only Length:7898 mils4 元件表DescriptionDesignatorFootprintLibRefQuantityCapacitorC1RAD-0.3Cap1Polarized Capacitor (Axial)C2POLAR0.8Cap Pol21CapacitorC3RAD-0.3Cap1CapacitorC4RAD-0.3Cap1Photosensitive DiodeD1PIN2Photo Sen11 Amp General Purpose Rectifi

16、erD2DIO10.46-5.3x2.8Diode 1N400111 Amp General Purpose RectifierD3DIO10.46-5.3x2.8Diode 1N40011LoudspeakerLS1PIN2Speaker1NPN General Purpose AmplifierQ1BCY-W3/E42N39041ResistorR1AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR2AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR3AXIAL-0.4Res21Variable ResistorR4AXIAL-0.6Res Adj21ResistorR5AXIAL-0.4Res2

17、1ResistorR6AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR7AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR8AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR9AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR10AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR11AXIAL-0.4Res21ResistorR12AXIAL-0.4Res21Precision TimerU1D008NE555D1Dual Low-Power Operational AmplifierU2751-02LM358D1Precision TimerU3D008NE555D1鸣 谢（宋体小四号，1.25倍行距）参考文

18、献PROTEL DXP应用实例教程 唐俊翟、冯军勤、张曜编著PROTEL DXP电路设计与制版实用教程（第二版）（宋体小四号，1.25倍行距）（参考文献用“”，“”括起）附 录C1RAD-0.3CapC2POLAR0.8Cap Pol2C3RAD-0.3CapC4RAD-0.3CapD1PIN2Photo SenD2DIO10.46-5.3x2.8Diode 1N4001D3DIO10.46-5.3x2.8Diode 1N4001LS1PIN2SpeakerQ1BCY-W3/E42N3904R1AXIAL-0.4Res2R2AXIAL-0.4Res2R3AXIAL-0.4Res2R4AXIAL-0.6Res Adj2R5AXIAL-0.4Res2R6AXIAL-0.4Res2R7AXIAL-0.4Res2R8AXIAL-0.4Res2R9AXIAL-0.4Res2R10AXIAL-0.4Res2R11AXIAL-0.4Res2R12AXIAL-0.4Res2U1D008NE555DU2751-02LM358DU3D008NE555D (NetU1_3U1-3U2-2)(NetD3_2D3-2R5-1U2-1)(NetR8_1R8-1U2-7U3-4)(NetC1_2C1-2U1-5)(NetD1_2D1-2R1-1U1-2U1-6)(NetD2_1D2-1R2-1R3-1