美国课件4历史2

1、1American HistoryLecturer: Qin Jie2AimsvGet to know the general history of USvGet to know the specific and significant events of US historyvGet to know the important historical figures3Recapv1607 Jamestown; 1620 Plymouth; 1733 (13)vKing Williams War (168997), Queen Annes War (17021713), King Georges

2、 War (174448 George II) , Seven Years War (1756-63)vBritish Mercantilist Policy, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Currency Act5v Declaration of IndependenceIN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary fo

3、r one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare t

4、he causes which impel them to the separation.7v Declaration of IndependenceWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure

5、these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, George WashingtonvKnown a

6、s the Father of his country, George Washington (17321799) was military and political leader of the United States of America from 1775 to 1797. vHe led the American victory over Britain in the Revolutionary War as commander in chief of the Continental Army in 17751783, and he presided over the writin

7、g of the Constitution in 1787. 10vAs the unanimous choice to serve as the first President of the United States (17891797), he developed the forms and rituals of government that have been used ever since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. vHe built a strong, well-fin

8、anced national government that avoided war, suppressed rebellion and won acceptance among Americans of all types. 11Thomas Jefferson12vThomas Jefferson (17431826) was the third President of the United States (18011809) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776).v Jefferson wa

9、s one of the most influential Founding Fathers. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great Empire of Liberty that would counter the imperialism of the British Empire. American Beginningsv The Constitutional ConventionvThe American Revolution was bourgeois in character. It did not solve

10、 the problem of land demanded by the laboring people. In addition, the heavy costs of the war were placed on their shoulders. vThere was great dissatisfaction among people. When then war ended, a number of demonstrations and uprisings took place.American BeginningsvIn May 1787, the Constitutional Co

11、nvention met in Philadelphia, for the purpose of setting up a strong central government.vGeorge Washington, Benjamin Franklin had found ways to meet the many difficult problems of writing the Constitution. vAnother great leader, James Madison, did much work on the writing of the Constitution. For th

12、is, he was known as the “ Father of the Constitution”.15vJames Madison (1751 1836) was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (18091817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.16vIn 1788, Madison wrote over

13、 a third of the Federalist Papers, the most influential commentary on the Constitution. vHe was a leader in the 1st United States Congress, drafting many basic laws, and was responsible for the first ten amendments to the Constitution and is also known as the Father of the Bill of Rights. vAs a poli

14、tical theorist, Madisons most distinctive belief was that the new republic needed checks and balances to protect individual rights from the tyranny of the majority.American BeginningsvIn 1791, the Bill of Rights were added. Among the more important rights guaranteed to the US citizens are freedom of

15、 religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition for what a citizen may think is needed from the government.American BeginningsExpansion of Territory and Westward Movementv1. Louisiana Purchase (1803)v2. The War of 1812v3. The Mexican War (1846-48)

16、v4. Westward Movement v5. Monroe Doctrinev6. The Civil WarvJames Monroe (1758 1831) was the fifth President of the United States, serving two terms from 1817 to 1825. Monroe was the last Founding Father of the United States, the last one from the Virginia dynasty. The Monroe DoctrinevThe Monroe Doct

17、rine is a U.S. doctrine which, on December 2, 1823, stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent states of the Americas. vThe United States would not interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere. How

18、ever, any attempt by a European nation to oppress or control any nation in the western hemisphere would be seen as an act of aggression and the United States would intervene. American Beginnings The Civil WarvAt 4:30 AM on April 12, 1861v4 years warv23 northern and Western states that supported the

19、federal government v11 Southern states that formed an independent government called the Confederate States of America.2223American Beginnings The Civil Warv1. Causes leading to Warv2. Process of the Warv3. Final Victor and Its EffectsAmerican Beginnings The Civil WarCauses leading to Warv1. The Basi

20、c Issue of States Rightsv2. Black Slavery in Americav3. Conflicts Rising from Slaveryv4. Lincolns Presidency American History The Civil WarvProcess of the Warv1. First two Years of the Warv2. Emancipation Proclamationv3. Last Two Years of War (1863-65)vThe Emancipation Proclamation consists of two e

21、xecutive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. The second order, issued January 1, 186