20196月四级真题及解析卷二

1、2019.6英语四级真题及答案（卷二）2019.6英语四级真题及答案（卷二）PartIWriting1、【题干】Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoalocalfarmorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【答案】AnImpressiveActivities-VisitingInordertohelpusstudentstoe

2、nrichlifeandbroadenhorizon,theStudentUnionorganizedameaningfulactivityonlastweekend-visitingthelocalfarm,bywhichwegraspedmuchusefulknowledgeaboutagriculture.ThefarmwevisitedislocatedinthesuburbofBeijingandfarawayfromourschool,whichcoversanareaof1000squarefeet.Alongwithnativefoodslikericeandpotatoes,

3、thefarmersonthefarmgrowmanyorganicvegetables,includingcorn,cucumbers,tomatoesandsoforth.Besides,thefarmbreedsahostoflocalspeciessuchasdairycattle,geese,chickenbymodernscientifictechnique.Oneofthemostimpressivethingsforusisthatbymeansofgreenfarmingmethods,theproblemofenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeneffe

4、ctivelyalleviated.Thisoutdoorsactivityhasareallydeepimpressionforus.Notonlydiditgetusclosertothenatureandrelievepressurefromus,italsoenhanceourprofessionalknowledgeabouthusbandrytechnology.PartinReadingSectionAThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas(27)from

5、DetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina(28)totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced(29)thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad."Michigan's(30)inautoresearchanddevelopmen

6、tisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto(31)ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan'tlethappen,"saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead(32)offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould(33)asubstantialupdateofMichigan's2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingveh

7、iclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand(34)ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttoma

8、kethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In(35),California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore(36)rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.27、【题干】.【选项】A. bidB. contrastC. deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legisla

9、tionH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsor.transmitted【答案】H28、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】A29、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanc

10、eE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsor.transmitted【答案】G30、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】D31、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.

11、contrastC.deputyD.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】I32、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsor.transmit

12、ted【答案】N33、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】J34、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.sign

13、ificantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】E35、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsor.transmitted【答案】B36、【题干】【选项】A.bidB.contrastC.deputy.dominanceE.fleetsF.knotsG.legislationH.migratedI.replaceJ.representK.

14、restrictiveL.rewardM.significantN.sponsorO.transmitted【答案】KPartinReadingSectionBMakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou'reAtItA We'vealwaysbeenahands-on,do-it-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica'sfoundingfathers,didn'tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovatives

15、tovesandmore.B Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn'treallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.C ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,Whichwasfoundedinagara

16、geinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.MembersincludingguysnamedJobsandWozniakstartedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn'tbuy.D Soit'snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren'ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefe

17、nselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey'

18、;sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn'tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It'saplacewhereyoug

19、ettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou'relearningtodo.E Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericanContcxt,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.It'snotnecessarilya

20、nefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It'sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn'treallyfitthatmoldanymo

21、re.It'snottheworldoftextbooks.It'snottheworldoftesting.F Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhe

22、thertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit'sassignedbyateacher.We'llallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourheadoryoujustborrowitfromsomeonean

23、dbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I'minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize（使变得无足轻重）making.The

24、thingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthetextbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thecardboardtubes.G Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit'sboring.Itdoesn'thavethemotivationofthestudent.I'mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconcept

25、sornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It'stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.H Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn't

26、theteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.I Theteacher'sroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedroteforteachers.Ithinkit'saheightenedrole.You'

27、;reereatingthisenvironment,likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarewatchingthemandreallyit'sthehumanbehaviorsyou'relookingat.Aretheyengaged?Atheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?Aretheystumbling（受挫）？Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydon'thave?Canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyar

28、e?J Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenableustobegoodlearners.It'snottheknowledgethatisvaluable,It'sthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Theseareprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morec

29、hallengingproblemsproblemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemi

30、ssinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfittogetherinanymeaningfulway.Ratherthansaying,'Thisisscience,overhereishistory,'Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?K Ifeellikethisisashiftawayformasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoree

31、xperientialcurriculumorlearning.It'sstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkit'sshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.37. 【题干】Amakerspaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.【选项】A. AB. BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】E38. 【题干】Theteachers'roleisenhancedinama

32、kerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.【选项】A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】L39.【题干】Comingupwithanideaofone'sownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconceptofmaking.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL. LM.MN.NO.O【答案】H40. 【题干】Contrarytostructuredlearning,le

33、arningbydoingishighlyindividualized.【选项】A. AB. BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LN.NO.O【答案】F41. 【题干】Americaisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.【选项】A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案】A42.【题干】Makingwillbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.

34、IJ.JK.KL. LM.MN.NO.O【答案】J43. 【题干】Makingcanberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.【选项】A. AB. BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LN.NO.O【答案】G44. 【题干】Theauthorsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.【选项】A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO.O【答案

35、】N45. 【题干】Themakerconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.【选项】A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. GH. HI. IJ. JK. KL. LM. MN. NO. O【答案】D46. 【题干】Makingisnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.【选项】A. AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.HI.IJ.JK.KL.LM.MN.NO

36、.O【答案】IPartinReadingSectionCPassageOneQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓约），couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusbandbecomesseriouslyill."Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaser

37、ioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,"saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleas

38、toneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（发生）offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushe

39、althproblems."Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,"Karrakersaid."They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'rethenoeswhobecomeill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced."Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsb

40、ecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons."Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,"Karrakersaid."Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartners

41、thandivorcedwomen."Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce."Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"

42、shesaid."Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts."47. 【题干】Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?【选项】A. Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B. The

43、yareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C. Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D. Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.48. 【题干】WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?【选项】A. Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B. Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C. Theycandeve

44、lopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D. Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.【答案】B49. 【题干】WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill?【选项】A. Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B. Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C. Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D. Theyarelesslikelytobotherthe

45、irspouses.【答案】B50. 【题干】WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?【选项】A. Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B. Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.C. Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D. Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.51. 【题干】Whatdoes

46、Karrakerthinkisalsoimportant?【选项】A. Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B. Stabilizingoldcouples'srelations.C. Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D. Makingmenpayfortheirwives'healthcosts.【答案】CPassageTwoQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyou

47、rmothercalledyoubyasibling's（兄弟姐妹的）name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive（认矢日的）errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,published

48、onlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe"wrong"nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,"butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup."Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700peopl