Ch03Remittance

1、Ch03 RemittanceKey words Remittance 汇款/顺汇 reverse remittance 逆汇 Mail transfer （M/T）信汇 airmail 航空邮件 Telegraphic transfer（T/T） 电汇 Demand draft （D/D）票汇 Commission 佣金 Receipt 收据 Be sold up 售定 consignment寄售 Cover reimbursement 头寸偿付3.1 Outline of Remittance当前，国际上通行的结算方式有以下几种： (1) Remittance 汇款 (2) Collect

2、ion 托收 (3) Letter of Credit 信用证 (4) Bank guarantees 银行保函 (5) International factoring 国际保理 (6) International forfeiting 福费庭作为一种完善的结算方式必须具备的三个条件：l 须能保证比较安全、比较快捷地结清对外贸易中的债权债务。l 须能保证买卖双方的利益都能获得充分照顾。大家知道，在支付贸易货款这个问题上，买卖双方的利益是相互矛盾的。概括地说，前者希望受到货物后再付款；后者则希望在发货前先受到货款。凡是双方都愿意采用的结算方式必须是那种不偏袒买卖双方中任一方，全面照顾双方利益的那

3、种结算方式。l 应便于资金融通。也就是说，应该能够使买卖双方（也包括中间商）容易从国际和国内金融市场和商业银行筹措其所需资金。Classification of Payment Methods Cash settlement 1.according to payment tools Non-cash settlement Commercial credit 2.according to credit standing Bank credit 3.according to the direction of Remittance顺汇 the movement of the instrumentin

4、 relation to that of the funds flow Reverse remittance 逆汇Debtor/Buyer付款人Creditor/Seller收款人Debtors BankCreditors BankSale contractSale contractCredit instrumentCredit instrumentFundsFundsRemittance 顺汇顺汇 （Remittance)称汇付法，是由付款人（债务人）主动将款项交给银行，委托银行使用某种结算工具，交付一定金额给债权人（收款人）的结算方法。特点是结算工具传递与资金运动方向一致，故称之为顺汇。资

5、金的流动必须通过各种结算工具来传送实现。Debtor/Buyer付款人Creditor/Seller收款人Debtors BankCreditors BankSale contractSale contractCredit instrumentCredit instrumentFundsFundsReverse Remittance 逆汇逆汇 （Reverse Remittance)又称为出票法，是由债权人以开立汇票的方式，委托银行向国外债务人索取一定金额的结算方式。其特点是结算工具传递与资金运动方向相反。逆汇在国际结算中是托收方式和信用证方式。What is remittance? In b

6、road sense, remittance refers to the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks. In narrow sense, at the request of the customer, a bank transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branches or correspondent banks and instructs them to pay a named person

7、or corporation in that country.Parties to a remittanceParties to a remittance Remitter or payer（汇款人） The party who will make the payment. Person who requires his bank to remit funds to the beneficiary in a foreign country. buyer and importer Payee or beneficiary（收款人或受益人） the person who is addressed

8、to receive the funds by remittance. the exporter in international trade.Parties to a remittance Remitting bank （汇出行） The bank who remits the funds at the request of a remitter to the paying bank and instructs the latter to pay a certain of money to a beneficiary. Importers bank 汇出行是应汇款人的要求将资金转移给他国外的

9、代理行或分行并要求后者支付资金给受益人的那间银行Parties to a remittance Paying bank （汇入行） the bank entrusted（受委托） to by the remitting bank to pay a certain sum of money to a beneficiary. usually locates in the same city as that of the exporter and is often the exporters bank in international trade. 汇入行是被汇出行委托，支付一定金额给受益人的那间

10、银行。Types of remittance Based on the manner by which the payment instruction is transmitted by the banks, remittance can be classified into three types as following: Telegraphic Transfer (T/T , SWIFT ,etc.), fast and expensive Mail Transfer (M/T), slow and cheap Demand Draft (D/D), slow and easy to b

11、e negotiated.Flow chart of Mail Transfer (M/T)Remitter1Apply and buy foreign exchanges & pay commissionRemitting Bank2M/TRept.3PO + BT instruction by air mailPaying Bank 4M/T adv.Beneficiary5Rept.6Pay7Debit or credit AdvicePO= Payment Order with payeesname and address, etc.BT= Bank Transfer, how

12、 to tranfermoney from remitting bank to payment bank.With authorized signatureAPPLICATION FOR OUTWARD REMITTANCE T/T M/T D/DAMOUNT IN WORDSAMOUNTBENEFICIARY NAMEBENIFICARYS BANKACCOUNT NUMBERSBENEFICIARY ADDRESSREMITTERS NAMEADDRESSTELMESSAGEIN PAYMENT OF THE ABOVE REMITTANCEPLEASE DEBIT MY/OUR ACCO

13、UNT WITH YOUA/C NO. I/WE SEND YOU CASH/CHEQUEAPPLICANTS SIGNATUREFOR BANK USE ONLY.BANK REF.COMMISSIONPOSTAGE/CABLE银行盖章银行盖章主管主管复核复核核印核印经办经办中国银行广州分行BANK OF CHINA， GUANGZHOU BRANCH下列付款，请即照解，如有费用请内扣我已贷记你行帐户。日期GUANGZHOUPlease advise and effect the followingpayment less your charges if any. In cover,we h

14、ave CREDIT youre A/C with us至此TO 金额 amount 收款人 To be paid toNo.of Mail transfer 信汇号码大写金额 Amount in Words:汇款人 By order of附言 Message： 中国银行广州分行BANK OF CHINA， GUANGZHOUFlow chart of cable/telex/SWIFT (Telegraphic Transfer, T/T)Remitter1Apply and buy foreign exchanges & pay commission2T/TRept.3PO + B

15、T instruction by T/TPaying BankRemitting Bank 4T/T adv.Payee5Rept.6Pay7Debit or credit AdviceCable and Telex need at least morethan 2 days to processIn the SWIFT transfer, if you sendmoney in the morning, it wouldenter payees a/c in the afternoonWith test keySample of cable/telex TransferFM：BANK OF

16、ASIA，TIANJINTO：THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP.， HONGKONGDATE： 1ST MARCHTEST 1253 OUR REF.208TT0517 NO ANY CHARGES FOR US PAY USD20000,VALUE 1ST MARCH TO YOUR HAY WAY BUILDING BRANCH 58 ST. STANLEY HONGKONG FOR A/C NO.004-110-106028-001 FAVOUR PRECISION PHOTO EQUIPMENT LTD. HONGKONG MESSAGE C

17、ONTRACT NO.P10158 ORDER PHOTO GRAPH CO. TIANJIN COVER DEBIT OUR HO ACCOUNT电报电报/电传汇款例子电传汇款例子发电行：亚洲银行天津分行发电行：亚洲银行天津分行收电行：汇丰银行香港分行收电行：汇丰银行香港分行日期：日期：3月月1日日密押密押1253 我行汇款编号我行汇款编号208TT0517，我行不承担解付行的，我行不承担解付行的任何费用。请将任何费用。请将USD20000付给贵行付给贵行HAY WAY BUILDING 分行，分行，58大街，大街，STANLEY香港，起息日是香港，起息日是3月月1日，贷记到账日，贷记到账号

18、号004-110-106028-001，收款人是香港精密照相设备公司。，收款人是香港精密照相设备公司。 附言：第附言：第O.P10158号合同的付款，汇款人天津照相公司，号合同的付款，汇款人天津照相公司， 作为偿付，请借记我总行账户。作为偿付，请借记我总行账户。密押密押=密码，由密码，由4位或位或5位数组成，分别代表汇出行、汇入行、位数组成，分别代表汇出行、汇入行、货币代码、金额、日期等。货币代码、金额、日期等。Flow chart of Bank Demand Draft (D/D)PayerPayer1 1 Apply and buy bank draft denominated in f

19、oreign currencyRemitting Remitting bankbank42nd copy of D/D as advicePayingPayingbankbank3 3Forward D/DBeneficiaryBeneficiary5 5PresentPresentdraftdraft6 6PayPay7 77Debit/credit advice2 2issueissuedraftdraft1st copy of D/D in a set 5 5Or endorse andtransfer = sellCollecting bank5 5PresentPresentSame

20、 bank in different countriesBankers demand draft is sight draftBANK OF CHINAThis draft is valid for oneYear from the date of issueNO.20039729AMOUNT USD 1,0000TO: BANK OF CHINA, NEW YORK 410 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK NY 10017 U.S.A.PAY TO the order of ABC Company, Los AngelesTHE SUM OF US DOLLARS ONE T

21、HOUSAND ONLYPAY AGAINST THIS DRAFT TO THE DEBIT OF OUR ACCOUNTFor BANK OF CHINA, TIANJINWenfang, Cui银行汇票例子，背书时可以划线银行汇票例子，背书时可以划线Comparison between M/T, T/T, D/DmethodsadvantagedisadvantageT/T1、极为安全，票款通过银行付给指定的收款人，汇款人可充分利用资金，减少利息损失。2、快速。电汇方式是所有汇款方式中速度最快的一种。1、银行不能占用资金2、汇款人要多付电报费和手续费，故成本较高。M/T1、银行可占用客户

22、的资金。2、业务手续费低廉1、速度较慢2、有可能在邮寄中延误或丢失。D/D1、汇入行不必通知取款2、背书后课流通转让3、汇出行可占用客户资金4、任何一家汇出行代理行可付汇票 5、成本较低。1、可能丢失，被窃，但成本较低。2、速度最慢。Cancellation of the remittance汇款的取消Under M/T and T/T, remittance can be cancelled before it is paid to beneficiary.Under D/D, when bankers draft is sent out overseas, the remittance c

23、an not be cancelled, because it involves remitting banks credit standing (If it is transferred, the holder does not know the dispute between remitter andoriginal payee while the name of remitting bank is on thedraft).If bankers draft is lost, the remitting bank may issue a duplicate of draft against

24、 a letter of indemnity from the remitter, if the paying bank confirms that the original one has not yet been paid.Functions of remittance in intl trade open account 赊销（货到付款） payment in advance 预付货款Payment in advance 预付货款Usually, the importer will pay partial proceeds to the exporter in order to avoi

25、d the non-delivery risk, which is called as down payment（订金）. Disadvantage to the buyer:Tying up his capital prior to the receipt of the goods or services. 收货前占用资金 bears the risk of non-delivery 有未收货风险(1) has no assurance to receive the required goods on time and in good quality.没有按时按质收货的保障售定（Be Sol

26、d out/ up） 主要用于鲜活商品的贸易，由于其数量、质量不固定，难以用L/C结算； 出口单据不是通过银行寄出，而是随货物带出。 售价及付款时间事先确定，通常是货到立即付款货一个月后付款。 寄售（Consignment） 出口方和进口方其实是委托与受托关系，不是买卖关系。Open account 赊销/货到付款Open account is unfavorable to the seller Bears the risk of non-payment Releases the title to the goods without assurance of payment Own capital is tied up until he receives the payment There is possibility that political events will impose regulations which defer or block the movements of funds to seller.Characteristics of