Grammar,Speaking

1、Lesson 1 Grammar &Grammar &SpeakingSpeakingGrammarRead the sentences from the text.Some people think that these robots will help students with their homework.They will know what the students are studying.Many teachers do not believe there will be traditional classes or classrooms.Many people

2、 believe schools will use less paper and fewer books.Most people think students will be happy to have lighter schoolbags.Some people wonder if students will even need to go to schools any more.Do you believe they will come true? Object clauses I think that theyre fun to watch. Mary thinks that the t

3、eams were fantastic. Bill wonders whether theyll have zongzi again next year. I wonder if its similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.Read more sentences including object clauses.一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句宾语从句。 We know that Mr Green teaches English

4、. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。当成

5、分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses with that连词连词that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的引导的宾语从句中，宾语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如：。如： He says

6、 that that is a real kings hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：主、从句之间有插入语时。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾语从句

7、，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。 These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. People think th

8、at humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will

9、 be very comfortable.Which of the following sentences have an object clause?. if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：比较正式。如： Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。 The fisherman wants to know if/wh

10、ether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知道天是否会下雨。Object clauses with if and whether由由if / whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句. if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell m

11、e? Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化： 1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：态。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进

12、行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：如： Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. . if和和whether的区别的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用，不用if。如：。如： Whether this is true or not,

13、I cant say. 这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我不能说。2. 宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用whether，不能用，不能用if。如：。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whe

14、ther。如：。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感情。5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如： Tom wants to know if she wont come here tomorrow. 汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。6. if意为意为“假如，如果假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状时，可以引导条件状语从句，而语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：没有这个用法。如： If

15、Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。The students agreed No one knows Tim thinks Tina is sure ca where the books are. shell do well in the next exam. that their test was difficult. his school will be different in the future.d7 7 Match the sentence parts belo

16、w.b1. I dont know if Mr. Wang _on a field trip. If he _ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it BB3. They wondered if the t

17、eacher _ us English the next term. A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taughtAChoose the right answers.5. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether6. I want to know _ he loves you. A. that B. what C. if D. whoDC4. The boy asked _ any noise from outside.

18、A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether have I heard D. whether I have heardBAC 7. I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party. A. whether B. what C. where D. that 8. Id like to know _ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. if he

19、 will come改为含宾语从句的复合句改为含宾语从句的复合句 1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know. I want to know _ the train _ on time.2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.will arriveif / whether came if / whether 1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there

20、 was anything wrong with the machine.2. The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.if / whetherwhether3. I dont know _ to go or stay.4. _ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. WhetherCo

21、mplete the sentences with if / whether.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 我认为玛丽不来了。我认为玛丽不来了。 I dont think Mary _ _.2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing tonight.willcome was leaving if

22、/ whether ( )1. I wonder _. Im afraid well be late. (2011山东青岛山东青岛) A. how we can be on time B. what we are going to do C. why we get to school late D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time中考链接中考链接D( )2. Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇庆肇庆)A. whether they leave for B. whether will they lea

23、ve for C. whether they are leaving for C( )3. Ive decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering _ you could go with me. (2011江西省江西省) A. if B. when C. that D. whereA( ) 4. Over these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江苏淮安江苏淮安) A. how B. what C. who D. whomA( ) 5. Ca