Weak forms(弱读)

1、Strong Forms & Weak Formsin English 2346- 2441Listen &fiLL in the bLanks Now, _ end _ morning _ all . _ able _ collect _ timetable _ college office. _ see _ first lecture _ nine oclock _ morning _ last _ four oclock _ afternoon. Most _, _ fact all _, _ find _ have spare time without lectures

2、 or laboratory sessions. _ college library _ private study rooms _ open all day _ nine _ morning till eight _ evening _ private study. _ students union common room _ also open _ same times. And er _ hand over _ Mrs White, who _ tell _ about students welfare, sports clubs _ examinations. Now, at the

3、end of the morning, you will all be able to collect the timetable from the college office. Youll see the first lecture at nine oclock in the morning and the last is at four oclock in the afternoon. Most of you, in fact all of you, will find you have spare time without lectures or laboratory sessions

4、. The college library and private study rooms are open all day from nine in the morning till eight in the evening for private study. The students union common room is also open at the same times. And er Ill hand over to Mrs White, who will tell you about students welfare, sports clubs and examinatio

5、ns.Content words vs. function wordsContent words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs giving information about who, what, when, where, why, how expressing the main idea or content of the phrase or sentenceFunction words:articles, pronouns, possessives, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctio

6、ns connecting the information words to form grammatical sentences.Content words & function wordsContent wordsNounsVerbsAdjectivesadverbsFunction wordsarticlesprepositionsauxiliary verbsconjunctionspossessivespronounsPronunciation of the function wordsstrong forms of the function wordsWhen to use

7、 strong formswhen they occur at the end of a sentence when they are used for emphasis when they are cited or quoted when they are being contrasted What is a “weak form”?The unstressed form is thus an alternate pronunciation of a word which is so reduced in its articulation that it consists of a diff

8、erent set of phonemes. / is the most frequently used vowel in the unstressed form and next comes /I /. Pronunciation meaning1.Get me some bread and butter._Get me some bread and butter._2.She gave it to us yesterday. _She gave it to us yesterday. _ _3.Lucy and Lilly are sisters._Lucy and Lilly are s

9、isters._4.Take an apple._Take an apple._5.Ive got a cat._Ive got a cat._6.The performance was good. _ _The performance was good. _ _7.John can do it._John can do it._8.I had a knife._I had a knife._9.Im afraid we must go. _Im afraid we must go. _10.Come with me, Jill. _ _Come with me, Jill. _ _ 635-

10、 832Importance of learning weak formsv1) “all-strong form ” pronunciation is unpleasant v2) mispronunciation of weak form may cause some misunderstanding.Main features of the weak forms Main features of the weak forms Reductions of the length of sounds Obscuration of vowels towards the schwa Elision

11、 of vowels and consonants Words SFWeak form Sample sentence v 1.a/eI/ Weve got a dog.v 2.an/n/n/ Take an apple.v 3.her/h:/ /h/, /:/, / Whats her name?v 4.his/hIz/Iz/ John had his haircut.v 5.our/a / / :/ We can do it on our own.v 6.some /sm/ /sm/, /sm/ Get me some water.v 7.the/i:/I/, / They saw the

12、 young and the old.v 8.your/j :/j/ Take your time.v 9.he/hi:/hI/, /I/ What did he do?v 10. me/mi:/mI/ Let me have a look. 0 - 635 v 11. she/i:/ /I/ Did she come?v 12. them /em/ /m/, /m/Let them go.v 13. us/s/ /s/ He told us a story.v 14. we/wi:/ /w I /Here we are.v 15. you/ju:/ /j / Did you see my p

13、en?v 16. him/hIm/ /Im/ Give him a pen.v 17. am/m/ /m/, /m/ Im proud of it.v 18. are/ :/ / What are you doing?v 19. be/bi:/ /bi/ Dont be late.v 20. can/kn/ /kn/, /kn/What can I do?Contv 21. do/du:/d/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays?v 22. does/dz/dz/ When does the train leave?v 23. had/hd/ /hd/, /d/, /

14、d/ How many had he had?v 24. has/hz/ /hz/, /z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened?v 25. have/hv/ /hv/, /v/, /v/ The kids have gone.v 26. is/iz/z/, /s/ He is coming.v 27. must/mst/ /mst/,/ms/ We must go now.v 28. shall/l/l/, /l/ What shall we do?v 29. was/wz/ /wz/, /wz/ He was out.v 30. were/w:/w/We were al

15、l late. v 31. will/wil/wl/, /l/That will do.v 32 at/t/t/Look at him.v 33. for/f :/f/Is it for me?v 34. from/frm/frm/, /frm/They come from the states.v 35. of /v/v/, /v/, /f/Its very kind of you.v 36. to/tu:/t/You dont have to worry.v 37. and/nd/ /nd/, /n/, /nd/, /n/ We had fish and chips.v 38. as/z/z/Just as you like.v 39. but/b