中考英语复习课件-代词

1、三、三、 代词代词复习要点复习要点1.代词的种类代词的种类 2.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法3.物主代词的用法物主代词的用法 4.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法5.指示代词的用法指示代词的用法 6.疑问代词的用法疑问代词的用法 7.不定代词的用法不定代词的用法1） some与与any的区别的区别 2）few, a few, little, a little在用法上在用法上的区别的区别3） every与与each的区别的区别 4） other, the other, another, others, the others的区别的区别5） all和和both的用法的用法8.相互代词的用法相互代词的用

2、法 9.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法10.正误辨析正误辨析 11.例题解析例题解析12.课时训练课时训练知识概要知识概要 英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。代词一览表代词一览表名称名称代代 词词人称代词人称代词主格代词主格代词I, you, he, she, it, we, you ,theyI, you, he, she, it, we, you ,they宾格代词宾格代词me , you, him, her,

3、it, us, you, themme , you, him, her, it, us, you, them物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性 my, your, his ,her, its, ours, your, they my, your, his ,her, its, ours, your, they 名词性名词性mine, yours ,his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirsmine, yours ,his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs反身代词反身代词myself, yourself ,himself ,herself,

4、 itself, ourselves, myself, yourself ,himself ,herself, itself, ourselves, yourself ,themselves yourself ,themselves 指示代词指示代词this, that, these, thosethis, that, these, those疑问代词疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, whichwho, whom, whose, what, which不定代词不定代词some, anysome, any， many, much, each, neither, other,

5、 many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, eitheranother, all, both, one, none, either 相互代词相互代词each othereach other关系代词关系代词who, whose, whom, that, which.who, whose, whom, that, which.难点链接难点链接 人称代词的用法人称代词的用法1.1.人称代词的人称、数和格。人称代词的人称、数和格。 2.2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：人称代词有主格和宾

6、格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：I I like like table tennis. table tennis. （作主语）（作主语）Do you knowDo you know him him? ?（作宾语）（作宾语）3.3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-Whos is knocking at the door? -Its -Its meme. .4.4.人称代词在人称代词在thanthan之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用

7、主格和宾格都可以。如：如：He is older than He is older than meme. . He is older thanHe is older than I I am.am.二二. . 物主代词的用法物主代词的用法1.1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词。 2. 2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：OurOur teacher is coming to see us. Thi

8、s is teacher is coming to see us. This is her her pencil-box.pencil-box.3. 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and Our school is here, and theirs theirs is there.is there.（作主语）（作主语）- Is this English-book - Is this English-book yoursyours? ? （作表语）（作表语）

9、- No. Mine is in my bag.- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yoursyours? ? （作宾（作宾语）语）难点链接难点链接三三. . 反身代词的用法反身代词的用法 英语中用来表示英语中用来表示“ “我自己我自己” ”，“ “你自己你自己” ”，“ “他自己他自己” ”，“ “我们自己我们自己” ”，“ “你们自己你们自己“, ”“, ”他们自己他们自己

10、 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。之为自身代名词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writerHe called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English? Would you please express your

11、self in English?2. 2. 作表语。作表语。 It doesnt matterIt doesnt matterIll be myself soonIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself The girl in the news is myself 3. 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes =I washed the c

12、lothes myself.myself.）（作主语同位语）（作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher You should ask the teacher himselfhimself（作宾语同位语）（作宾语同位语）四四. . 指示代词的用法指示代词的用法 指示代词包括：指示代词包括：thisthis，thatthat，thesethese，thosethose。 1. this1. this和和thesethese一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，thatthat和和thosethose则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人

13、，例如：则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：ThisThis is a pen and is a pen and that that is a is a pencilpencilWe are busy We are busy thesethese days daysInIn those those days the workers had a hard days the workers had a hard timetime2. 2. 有时有时thatthat和和thosethose指前面讲到过的事物，指前面讲到过的事物，this this 和和thesethese则是指下面将要讲则是指下面

14、将要讲 到的事物，例如：到的事物，例如：I had a cold. I had a cold. ThatThats why I didnt come. What I want to s why I didnt come. What I want to say is say is thisthis ; pronunciation is very important in learning English ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that

15、that或或thosethose代替，例如：代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as thosethose made in made in ShanghaiShanghai4. this 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，在电话用语中代表自己，that that 则代表对方。例如：则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speakingMa

16、ry. Is that Jack speaking?难点链接难点链接难点链接难点链接五五. . 疑问代词的用法疑问代词的用法 疑问代词有疑问代词有whowho，whomwhom，whosewhose，whatwhat和和whichwhich等等。疑问。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：一句子成分。例如：WhoWho is going to come here tomorrow? is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）（作主语）WhatWhat is that? (

17、is that? (作表语作表语) )WhoseWhose umbrella is this? ( umbrella is this? (作定语作定语) ) WhomWhom are you waiting for? ( are you waiting for? (作宾语作宾语) )六六. . 不定代词的用法不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either

18、在在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some1. some与与anyany的区别的区别1 1）somesome多用于肯定句，表示多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词名词或可数名词（复数）。复数）。Look! Some of the Look! Some of the students students areare cleaning the cleaning the librarylibrary. . Some

19、 rice Some rice in the bag in the bag hashas been sold out. been sold out.2 2）anyany多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何一些，任何”用作形容词时，用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词后面可以接不可数名词或可数名词（复数）。复数）。If you have any questions, If you have any questions, please ask me.please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bot

20、tle.There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?Have you got any tea?3 3）anyany和和somesome也可以作代词用，表示也可以作代词用，表示“一些一些”。anyany多用于疑问句或否定句中，多用于疑问句或否定句中，somesome多用于肯定句中。多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?How many people can you see in the picture? I I cant see any.cant see any

21、. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：与注意：与some, anysome, any结合的词如结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybodyanyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, some, anyany的用法相同

22、。的用法相同。难点链接难点链接难点链接难点链接 2. few, a few, little, a little2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别在用法上的区别1 1）用作形容词，）用作形容词，few, a few few, a few 修饰可数名词（且写成复数），修饰可数名词（且写成复数），little, a little little, a little 修饰不可数名词。修饰不可数名词。Im going to buy Im going to buy a few a few apples.apples. He can speak only He can

23、 speak only a littlea little Chinese. Chinese. There is only There is only a little a little milk in the k in the glass. He has He has fewfew friends. friends. They had They had littlelittle money with them. money with them.2 2）a littlea little和和littlelittle也可以用作副词，也可以用作副词，a littlea little表

24、示表示“有点，稍微有点，稍微”，littlelittle表示表示“很少很少”。Im Im a little a little hungry. (hungry. (修饰形容词修饰形容词hungry)hungry) Let him sleep Let him sleep a littlea little. (. (修饰动词修饰动词sleep)sleep)Mary, go Mary, go a little a little faster, please. (faster, please. (修饰副词比较级修饰副词比较级) ) She slept very She slept very little

25、little last night. last night.3. every3. every与与eacheach的区别。的区别。EachEach：1)1)可单独使用，可单独使用，2)2)可做代名词、形容词，可做代名词、形容词，3)3)着重着重“个别个别”， 4)4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。EveryEvery：1)1)不可单独使用，不可单独使用，2)2)仅作形容词，仅作形容词，3)3)着重着重“全体全体”，毫，毫无例外，无例外，4)4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。当我们说当我们说each child, each

26、 studenteach child, each student或或each teachereach teacher时，我们想到时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every childevery child和和every studentevery student时，时，我们想到的是全体的情况，我们想到的是全体的情况，everyevery的意思与的意思与allall接近，表示他们都接近，表示他们都如此。如此。The teacher gave a toy to The teacher gave a toy to each each child. child. Ea

27、chEach ball has a different colour. ball has a different colour.EveryEvery student loves the English teacher. = All students love student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.the English teacher.EveryEvery child likes playing. = All children like playing. child likes pl

28、aying. = All children like playing.注意：我们可以用注意：我们可以用each of , each of , 而不能用而不能用 every of every of 如：如：Each of Each of you can have a rest.you can have a rest.难点链接难点链接难点链接难点链接 4. other, the other, another, others, the others4. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。的区别。 注意：注意：1 1）otherother

29、可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别其他的、别的的”。 Where are his Where are his otherother books? books? I havent any I havent any otheother books except this one.r books except this one.2 2）otherother也可以用作代词，与冠词也可以用作代词，与冠词thethe连用构成连用构成“the otherthe other”，表示两个人或，表示两个人或物中的物中的“另一个另一个”。常与

30、。常与oneone搭配构成搭配构成“one ., the other .one ., the other .”句型。句型。 He has two brothers. He has two brothers. OneOne is 10 years old , is 10 years old , the other the other is 5 years old.is 5 years old. She held a ruler in She held a ruler in one one hand and an exercise-book in hand and an exercise-book

31、 in the other.the other.代名词代名词形容词形容词单数单数复数复数单数单数复数复数anotheranother另一个另一个othersothers别人，其他人别人，其他人another (boy)another (boy)另一个（男孩）另一个（男孩）other (boys)other (boys)其他男孩其他男孩the otherthe other另一个另一个the othersthe others其余那些人、物其余那些人、物the other (boy)the other (boy)另一个男孩另一个男孩the other (boys)the other (boys)其余

32、那些男孩其余那些男孩3 3）otherother作代词用时，可以有复数作代词用时，可以有复数“othersothers”，泛指，泛指“另外的人另外的人或物或物”。常与。常与somesome搭配构成搭配构成“some ., others .some ., others .”句型。句型。 SomeSome went to the cinema, went to the cinema, others others went swimming.went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some This coat is too large. Show

33、 me some othersothers, please., please.4 4）“the othersthe others”表示特指某范围内的表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but We got home by 4 oclock, but the others the others didnt get back didnt get back until 8 oclock.until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, In our class only Tom is E

34、nglish, the othersthe others are Chinese. are Chinese.5 5）anotheranother可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个另一个”，还可以跟代词还可以跟代词one.one. You can see You can see another another ship in the sea, cant you?ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show Mary doesnt

35、 want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her her another another one?one?6 6）anotheranother也可以作代词用，表示也可以作代词用，表示“另一个另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me anotheranother. .难点链接难点链接5. all5. all和和bothboth的用法。的用法。1 1）al

36、lall指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 AllAll of us like Mr. of us like Mr. Pope. Pope. 我们都喜欢我们都喜欢PopePope先生。（作主语）先生。（作主语） = We = We allall like like Mr. Pope. (Mr. Pope. (作同位语作同位语) ) All All the water has been used up. (the wat

37、er has been used up. (作主语作主语) ) Thats Thats allall for today. ( for today. (作表语作表语) Why not eat ) Why not eat allall (of) the fish? ( (of) the fish? (作宾语作宾语) ) AllAll the leaders are here. ( the leaders are here. (作定语作定语) ) 2 2）bothboth作代词。作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“ “两个都两个都” ”。 Lucy and Lil

38、y Lucy and Lily bothboth agree with us. agree with us. They They both both passed on their sticks at passed on their sticks at the same time.the same time. How are your parents? Theyre How are your parents? Theyre bothboth fine. fine. 与与“of +of +代词（或名词）代词（或名词）”连用，表示连用，表示“两者都两者都”。 Both of Both of the

39、m came to see Mary.them came to see Mary. Both of Both of the books are very interesting.the books are very interesting. 单独使用，表示单独使用，表示“两者（都）两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Michael has two sons. BothBoth are clever. are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read I dont know which book

40、is the better, I shall read bothboth. . 3 3）bothboth用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都两者都”。 BothBoth his younger sisters are our classmates. his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on There are tall trees on both both sides of the street.sides of the street.难点链接难点链接七

41、七. . 相互代词的用法相互代词的用法 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other each other 和和one anotherone another两种形两种形 式。在当代英语中，式。在当代英语中，each othereach other和和one anotherone another没有什么区别。相互代没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from We should learn from ea

42、ch other / one another. each other / one another. （作宾语）（作宾语） Do you often write to Do you often write to each other / one anothereach other / one another? ? （作宾语）（作宾语） We often borrow We often borrow each others / one anothers each others / one anothers books. books. （作定语）（作定语） The students correcte

43、d The students corrected each others / one anothers each others / one anothers mistakes in their mistakes in their homework. homework. （作定语）（作定语）难点链接难点链接八八. .关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词，常用在宾语从句关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词，常用在宾语从句中。关系代词有中。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, whichwho, whose, whom,

44、that, which. . 它们在句中可用作主语它们在句中可用作主语, ,表表语语, ,宾语宾语, ,定语定语. . 在主句中在主句中, ,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people I hate people whowho talk much but do little. talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph Im looking at the photograph whichwhich you sent me with your letter.y

45、ou sent me with your letter.With the moneyWith the money thatthat he had saved, he went on with his studies. he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady Do you know the lady whowho is interviewing our headmaster? is interviewing our headmaster?正误辨析正误辨析1.1. 误误Toms mother is taller

46、than my.Toms mother is taller than my. 正正Toms mother is taller than mine.Toms mother is taller than mine. 析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my my bookbook，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my my mother,mother,也就是也就是minemine。2.2.误误We have a lot of homework

47、 to do today. So we need two or three We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.hours to finish them. 正正We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.hours to

48、finish it. 析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it it所代替的是不所代替的是不可数名词可数名词homeworkhomework， 所以应用所以应用it it。3.3.误误He and you should go to the library to return the books.He and you should go to the library to return the books. 正正You and he should go to the library to return the books.You and

49、 he should go to the library to return the books. 析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为序一般为you, he, she, I,you, he, she, I,而复数时为而复数时为we, youwe, you， they:they:如男女并列时，应先男后如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：女，如：He and she He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, I, he, she,

50、 you, she, you, 复数时用复数时用They, youThey, you， we, we, 如：如：Tom and I are good friends. You, Tom and I are good friends. You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon. We, you and they have been there before. I,

51、he and you have to pay for it.and they have been there before. I, he and you have to pay for it.正误辨析正误辨析4.4.误误He or his brother is doing their homework.He or his brother is doing their homework. 正正He or his brother is doing his homework.He or his brother is doing his homework. 析由析由eitheror, neithern

52、or, oreitheror, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词

53、，如：一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.or his students will clean their classroom together.5.5.误误His brother is taller than him.His brother is taller than him. 正正His brother is taller than he.His brother is taller than he. 析析thantha

54、n是连词，其后应视为省略句，是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he isthan he is. .所以要注意区分其主格所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。与宾格的用法。 6.6.误误 I like you as much as she.I like you as much as she. 正正I like you as much as her.I like you as much as her. 析析asas asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like heras I like her. .所以应用宾格。而所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句

55、语法都是对的但含义不同。第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。7.7.误误Myself did it yesterday.Myself did it yesterday. 正正I myself did it yesterday.I myself did it yesterday. 正正I did it myself yesterday.I did it myself yesterday. 析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。正误辨析正误辨析8.8. 误误Take care of ourselves.Take care

56、of ourselves. 正正Take care of yourselves .(yourself)Take care of yourselves .(yourself) 析祈使句的主语应看作第二人称析祈使句的主语应看作第二人称youyou. .9.9.误误Please bring your daughter with yourself.Please bring your daughter with yourself. 正正Please bring your daughter with you.Please bring your daughter with you. 析反身代词不能作介词宾语

57、，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：如： The old woman spoke to herself.The old woman spoke to herself.10.10.误误Make yourself home.Make yourself home. 正正Make yourself at home.Make yourself at home. 析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：。这样的用法还有：enjoy oneselfenjoy onesel

58、f 玩得开心玩得开心make yourself at homemake yourself at home 像在家中一样像在家中一样 help yourself to help yourself to somethingsomething 自己拿某物自己拿某物lost oneself lost oneself 迷路迷路 seat oneself seat oneself 就坐就坐dress oneself dress oneself 穿衣穿衣11.11.误误Whos this speaking.Whos this speaking.Thats Mary.Thats Mary. 正正Whos th

59、at speaking.Whos that speaking.This is Mary.This is Mary. 析在电话用语中，析在电话用语中，thisthis指讲话人自己，而指讲话人自己，而thatthat指对方。指对方。12.12.误误The days in summer are longer than this in winter.The days in summer are longer than this in winter. 正正The days in summer are longer than those in winter.The days in summer are l

60、onger than those in winter. 析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用thatthat或或thosethose取代前面提到的事物，取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用如是单数时用that,that,复数时用复数时用thosethose，如：，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.that in Chang Chun.正误辨析正误辨析13.13. 误误It is so a good boo