机电专业英语第2版22Unit 22机器人技术

1、LOGO机器人技术第第 2 / 38页页上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编第第 3 / 38页页上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编第第 4 / 38页页Text上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 Robots are not only the stuff of space movies. Right now, all over the world, robots are on the move. Theyre painting cars at Ford plants, assembling cookies for P

2、epperidge Farms, walking into live volcanoes, driving trains in Paris, and defusing bombs in Northern Ireland. Todays robots are doing more and more things we cantor dont want todo, because they are tougher, nimbler, and smarter now. 第第 5 / 38页页Text上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 What is a robot then

3、? Theres no precise definition, but by general agreement a robot is a programmable machine that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creatureusually a human. To qualify as a robot, a machine has to be able to do two things: get information from its surroundings, and do something phys

4、icalsuch as move or manipulate objects 1 . As computer smarter. The current mechanical robots of popular culture are not much different from those fictional biological creations. Basically a robot consists of: 1. A mechanical device, such as a wheeled platform, arm, or other construction, capable of

5、 interacting with its environment. 2. Sensors on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device. 3. Systems that process sensory input in the context of the devices current situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the sit

6、uation 2 . 第第 6 / 38页页Text上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编Traditionally, robots are applied anywhere one of the 3Ds exists in any job which is too: Dirty, Dangerous, andor Dull for a human to perform. They function to relieve us from danger and tedium:1. Safety: Robotics have been developed to handle

7、nuclear and radioactive chemicals for many different uses including nuclear weapons, power plants, environmental cleanup, and the processing of certain drugs.2. Unpleasantness: Robots perform many tasks that are tedious and unpleasant, but necessary, such as welding or janitorial work.3. Repetition

8、and precision: Assembly line work has been one of the mainstays of the robotics industry. Robots are used extensively in manufacturing and, more glamorously, in space exploration, where minimum maintenance requirements are emphasized.Nowadays robots are also used for entertainment of course. 第第 7 /

9、38页页Text上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编defuse , di:fju: z vt. 平息；去掉的雷管；使除去危险性tough tf adj. 艰苦的，困难的；坚强的；强壮的n. 恶棍adv. 顽强地nimble nimbl adj. 敏捷的；聪明的；敏感的precise prisais adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的manipulate mnipjuleit vt. 操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改sensor sens; -s: n. 感受器；传感器；敏感元件；探测装置device divais n. 装置；策略；图案function fkn n. 功能；

10、函数；职责；盛大的集会vi. 运行relieve rili: v vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换的班；使放心第第 8 / 38页页Text上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编tedium ti: dim n. 冗长乏味，单调，沉闷handle hndl n. 建 把手；柄；手感；口实 vt. 处理；运用；触摸radioactive , reidiu ktiv adj.放射性的；有辐射能的weld weld vt. 焊接；使结合；使成整体 vi. 焊牢 n. 焊接；焊接点janitor dnit n. 房屋管理员 (负责维修供暖系统等)；古语看门人mainstay

11、meinstei n. 支柱；中流砥柱；主要的依靠；主桅支索glamorous lmrs adj.富有魅力的，迷人的，有诱惑力的；刺激性的maintenance meintnns n. 维护，维修；保持；生活费用emphasize emfsaiz vt. 强调，着重第第 9 / 42页页Language pointsText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 1. To qualify as a robot, a machine has to be able to do two things: get information from its surroundings

12、, and do something physical-such as move or manipulate objects. 译文：为证明一个机器人的合格性，它应当至少可以做到两件事：1)从它周边的环境中获取信息；2)做一些实际工作，比如移动物体或操作物体 。 说明：qualify as （使）（某人）具有资格；（使）合格 又如： Any external power supply meeting the performance requirements for level V and above would qualify as ENERGY STAR (Version 2.0). 符合V

13、级或以上等级要求的外部电源可通过“能源之星（2.0版）”认证。第第 10 / 42页页Language pointsText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编2. Systems that process sensory input in the context of the devices current situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the situation.译文：要有一个根据设备所处情形处理传感器输入的系统，并能够根据情况指挥设备去完成(相应)动作。说明：

14、in the context of在情况下；在背景下 又如：In the context of the modern aerospace industry these problems are seldom simple or routine.在现代空间工业范畴内，这些问题很少是简单的或常规的问题。第第 11 / 38页页ExercisesText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编I. Answer the following questions. To qualify as a robot, which two things does a machine have

15、to be able to do?2. Why are robots getting smarter and smarter? To qualify as a robot, a machine has to be able to do two things: get information from its surroundings, and do something physicalsuch as move or manipulate objects. As computer processors are getting faster and cheaper, robots are gett

16、ing smarter and smarter. 第第 12 / 38页页ExercisesText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编I. Answer the following questions.3. Basically what does a robot consist of? Basically a robot consists of: 1. A mechanical device, such as a wheeled platform, arm, or other construction, capable of interacting with its

17、environment. 2. Sensors on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device. 3. Systems that process sensory input in the context of the devices current situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the situation.第第 13 / 38页页Exe

18、rcisesText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编II Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. Right now，all over the world，robots are on the move2. The current mechanical robots of popular culture are not much different from those fictional biological creations. 现在，全世界范围内，机器人都在活动着呢! 当今流行文化中的机械器人与小说中塑造

19、的那些生物已经没有太大区别。第第 14 / 38页页ExercisesText上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese3. They function to relieve us from danger and tedium：4. Robots perform many tasks that are tedious and unpleasant, but necessary, such as welding or janitorial work而它们的职能就是将我们从危险和

20、沉闷中解放出来 机器人可以完成许多烦闷、无趣但却是必需的工作，比如焊接或守门的工作。第第 15 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编英文招聘广告是较常见和实用的应用文之一，它具有一般广告的共同特点，但又有别于产品广告，非商业广告和政治广告，它是一种特定的以招募各种劳动力为目的的文体，因此在语言和结构上也具有自己的特点。英文招聘广告的阅读属于语用性阅读，要达到高效省事的效果，必须掌握英文招聘广告的特点和一些实际的阅读技巧。英文招聘广告具有以下特点： 一、结构清晰，层次分明 招聘广告通常由“广告标题” 、“公司简介” 、“工作

21、职责” 、“资格要求” 、“薪金待遇” 、“联系方式”等六部分组成，虽然某些部分也会省略，但每一部分通常都独立成段，各部分之间的界限清晰明了。第第 16 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 二、标题言简意赅，精确具体 英语招聘广告往往以招聘单位名称或招聘职位作标题，使求职者一目了然。如： Avon (Shanghai) Company Limited 上海雅芳有限公司 R&D software Engineer 研发软件工程师 Business advisor 商务顾问 三、多用省略句 为了节省广告的篇幅和广告的

22、费用，同时使读者一目了然，英语招聘广告经常省略句子的主语，动词，定冠词，不定冠词和从句。由于特定的上下文，读者也十分清楚，不会产生误会或歧义。如： Excellent written and verbal communication skills in English and mandarin 良好的口头和书面中英文表达能力 (省略了实义动词have) Ability to react quickly and efficiently to crisis 能够快速有效地应对危机（省略了冠词the) Qualifications needed:所需资格：（省略了从句which are)第第 17

23、/ 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 四、多用各种短语或短句 英语招聘广告在描述工作职责和应聘资格时广泛使用名称短语、形容词短语和介词短语以缩短广告的篇幅。短语的使用既方便记忆，又能节约版面，同时突出了关键词，容易引起求职者的注意。如： Good analytic skills, problem solving and conflict management skills （良好的分析能力、解决问题能力和冲突管理能力） Familiar with general office software （熟悉办公软件） Under

24、 the age of 40 （40岁以下） With 2-3 years experience in telecom （23年电信行业工作经验） 五、常用祈使句 一般用来说明应聘方法。为表示礼貌，使读者感到亲切，开头都用个“请”字。如： Please apply in your own handwriting with full English resume and resent photo to:请亲自誊写详细的英文简历并附上近照寄： Please callfor interviewing. 请致商定面试事宜。第第 18 / 38

25、页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 六、采用缩略词 为了节省广告撰稿人的撰稿时间与读者的阅读时间，并节省费用，英语广告中能用缩略的词语都尽可能缩略。如： Dept: Department 部门 CV: Curriculum Vitae个人简历 JV: joint venture 合资 G.M.: General Manager总经理 Ad: advertisement广告 add: address地址 P/T: part time 兼职（的） refs: references 推荐信 expd: experienced 有经验的

26、 Wpm: words per minute 打字/每分钟 req: required 需要 CAD: computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计 因此，在阅读英文招聘广告时，首先要浏览广告标题，确定招聘单位和招聘职位。然后浏览公司简介，掌握招聘公司的一些基本情况。接下来，要细读工作职责和资格要求，确定自己是否能够胜任这份工作，注意辨别一些省略句和缩略词。最后，要留意联系方式，必要时要动手记下具体的联系方式。第第 19 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 七、英文招聘广告（范例） Sample 1M

27、achine operator Responsibilities:-Basic operation of machine, including start-up, shutdown and test to machine.-Work according to production plan and program or process drawings.-Replace and maintain the machine parts. Requirements:-College degree or above, majored in mechanical engineering or relev

28、ant- Excellent in reading and interpreting machining work instructions - Experience in an industrial production environment is a plus.-Good sense of responsibility and working attitude We offer attractive salary dependent on qualification and experience. Interested parties please send full resume wi

29、th expected salary, photo, contact address and tel. no. to Personnel Dept. before June 18, 2011. The address of our company: 106 Fang-yuan Road, Guangzhou. Our postcode: 510370第第 20 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编招聘机床操作员招聘机床操作员 工作职责：工作职责： 1.用机床进行基本的操作，包括机床的启动、关闭及调试。 2.依据生产计划与加

30、工程序或工艺图纸,进行加工。 3.维护及更换机床内部零件。 职位要求：职位要求： 1.机械相关专业大学专科及以上学历 2.能看懂机床加工工作指令 3.有工厂实际操作经验者优先 4.岗位责任心强，工作态度认真 我们将根据各人的学历和经验提供富有吸引力的薪酬。有兴趣的人员请将希望待遇、照片、联系地址、电话和简历2010年6月18日前寄到我公司人事部。公司地址：广州市方圆大道106号，邮编：510370。第第 21 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 Sample 2 Marketing Assistant Responsib

31、ilities:-Responsible for the local management of marketing and sales activities according to instructions from head office.-Collect related information for the head office. Requirements:-College degree or above with good English (speaking and writing).-Develop relationship with local media and custo

32、mers.-With basic idea of sales and marketing, related experience is preferred.-Working experience in an international organization is a must.-Good communication and presentation skills.第第 22 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编 The right candidate will receive an appropriate and at

33、tractive compensation package. Interested candidates please apply in writing in both English and Mandarin as follows: 1. Qualifications, job experience with salary history and expected compensation package. 2. Recent photo. And send them to the address below by July 31: Room 302, International Hotel

34、, 1S. St. Beijing 100088. All employments will be done through FESCO. No telephone call will be entertained.第第 23 / 38页页Translating Skills上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编招聘销售助理招聘销售助理 工作职责：工作职责： 1.根据总公司的要求负责区域销售管理及销售活动 2.收集相关信息资料上报总公司 职位要求：职位要求： 1.大学及以上文凭，英语口语流利，书面表达能力强。 2.开发和维护所负责区域的客户和合作伙伴。 3.了解市场，熟悉

35、销售相关业务工作者优先 4.外资企业工作经验是必备的条件 5.具有良好的沟通及表达能力 应聘者将获得合理而富有吸引力的薪酬待遇。有意者请用中英文书写以下应聘材料： 包含学历，工作经验，以往工作待遇和期望的工资福利待遇，并准备近照一张。 请于7月31日前，将应聘材料寄往： 北京南街1号国际宾馆302房间 邮编：100088 所有招聘都将通过外国企业服务公司进行。 恕不接受电话查询。 第第 24 / 38页页Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编第第 25 / 38页页Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编

36、A typical robot (Fig.22.1) will have several, though not necessarily all of the following properties:(1) is not natural, i.e. it is artificially created.(2) can sense its environment, and manipulate or interact with things in it. (3) has some ability to make choices based on the environment, often u

37、sing automatic control or a preprogrammed sequence.(4) moves with one or more axes of rotation or translation.(5) appears to have intent or agency.Fig.22.1 robot第第 26 / 38页页Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编The mechanical structure of a robot must be controlled to perform tasks. The control

38、of a robot involves three distinct phasesperception, processing and action. Sensors give information about the environment or the robot itself (e.g. the position of its joints or its end effector). This information is then processed to calculate the appropriate signals to the actuators (motors) whic

39、h move the mechanical structure.The processing phase can range in complexity. It may be the first step to estimate parameters of interest (e.g. the position of the robots gripper) from noisy sensor data. An immediate task (such as moving the gripper in a certain direction) is inferred from these est

40、imates 1 . Techniques from control theory convert the task into commands that drive the actuators.第第 27 / 38页页Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编At longer time scales or with more sophisticated tasks, the robot may need to build and reason with a “cognitive” model. Cognitive models try to rep

41、resent the robot, the world, and how they interact. Patten recognition and computer vision can be used to track objects. Mapping techniques can be used to build maps of the world. Finally, motion planning and other artificial intelligence techniques may be used to figure out how to act.Control syste

42、ms may also have varying levels of autonomy. Direct interaction is used for haptic or tele-operated devices, and the human has nearly complete control over the robots motion. Operator-assist modes have the operator commanding medium-to-high-level tasks, with the robot automatically figuring out how

43、to achieve them 2 . An autonomous robot may go for extended periods of time without human interaction. Higher levels of autonomy do not necessarily require more complex cognitive capabilities. For example, robots in assembly plants are completely autonomous, but operate in a fixed pattern.第第 28 / 38

44、页页New words and phrases上一页上一页下一页下一页Reading More机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编property prpti n. 性质，性能；财产；所有权intent intent n. 意图；目的；含义 adj. 专心的；急切的；坚决的perception psepn n. 知觉；感觉；看法；洞察力；获取actuator ktjueit n.操作者，执行机构；驱使者，激励者；传动装置 phase feiz n. 相；阶段；位相 vt. 使定相；逐步执行 vi. 逐步前进range reind n. 范围；幅度v. 平行；延伸；漫游；使并列；归类于param

45、eter prmit n. 参数；系数；参量gripper rip n. 夹子，钳子；抓器，抓爪infer inf: vt. 推断；推论vi. 推断；做出推论sophisticated sfistikeitid adj. 复杂的；精致的；富有经验的cognitive knitiv adj. 认识的；认识过程的；以实际经验为依据的track trk n. 轨道；踪迹；小道 vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行vi. 追踪第第 29 / 38页页 Exercises上一页上一页下一页下一页Reading More机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编1.A typical robot moves with

46、one or more or 2. The control of a robot involves three distinct phases and .Fill in the following blanks according to the text. axes of rotation translationperception processing action第第 30 / 38页页 Exercises上一页上一页下一页下一页Reading More机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编3.At longer time scales or with more sophisticated

47、tasks, the robot may need to build and reason with a .4. and can be used to track objects.Fill in the following blanks according to the text. “cognitive” modelPatten recognition computer vision第第 31 / 38页页 Exercises上一页上一页下一页下一页Reading More机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编5. is used for haptic or tele-operated devi

48、ces, and the human has nearly complete control over the robots motion.6. may go for extended periods of time without human interaction.Fill in the following blanks according to the text.Direct interactionAn autonomous robot第第 32 / 38页页Translating参考译文参考译文Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一页机电专业英语机电专业英语 徐存善主编典型机器人(图22.1)有以下一些特征，尽管不一定具有以下全部特征：(1)是非自然的， 即人造的。(2)能感知周围的环境，并操作或与其中的事物进行交互。(3)能根据环境做出选择，通常是用自动控制或编程的方法实现的。(4)可以朝一个或多个方向转动或平动。(5)有目的或间接目的动作。第第 33 / 38页页Translating参考译文参考译文Reading More上一页上一页下一页下一