人教版高中英语选修8 Unit4 Grammar参考课件

1、Unit4 PygmalionGrammar The past participle as the Attribute Predicative and the object complement.过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。 作用与用法： 过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作)具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。 定语 过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。如: The broken w

2、indow (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。 The books bought yesterday (which were bought yesterday ) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错。 表语 过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态, 且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。如: Im interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。

3、 宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 We found her greatly changed. 我们发现她变了很多。B. make, get, have, help, leave 等表示“致使”意义的动词 What made them so frightened?C. like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词 He wont like such questions di

4、scussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 定语中 现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？ 表语 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”;而过去分词作表语具有被动含义, 意味着“受这种影响”。如: Th

5、e work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的。 The worker were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了。注意: 作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:The book is well written. (表语)The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态) 宾语补足语 现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。如: I heard someone calling me. I heard my name called.

6、我听见有人喊我。1. _ (污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health.2. The problem _ (在会议上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve.Polluteddiscussed at the meeting完成句子。3. He became _ (兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.4. I am _ (感兴趣) in the story.5. I havent got the film _

7、(冲洗)yet.6. Do you know the man _ (站) beside the door?excitedinteresteddevelopedstanding单句改错7. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. breaking改为broken 8. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. holds改为held 9. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. seating改为seated10. Wh

8、en they woke up , they found the world outside completely changing. changing改为changed11. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 单项填空12. You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the l

9、anguage. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood13. He tried to _ in Japanese. A. understand himself B. make himself understanding C. make himself understood D. make to understand14. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the pro

10、blem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving ; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made15. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 16. He glanced over at her, _ that though

11、 she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting17. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing18. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _before the pa

12、rty. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change19. The disc digitally _in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 20. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature

13、. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt(3) 过去分词短语作状语 过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句, 若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。1. 过去分词作原因状语 Greatly moved by the film, they all cried. 他们看了那部电影深受感动, 都哭了。 Surrounded by a group of young people, the old man fe

14、lt happy. 身边围着一群年轻人, 老人感到很高兴。 2.过去分词作状语, 表示伴随情况或方式。 The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。 He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。 Filled with extraordinary strength, he raised himself. 他使出全身的力气站了起来。 3.过去分词作状语, 还可以表示: Given much time, we could d

15、o it better.（条件） 多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。 When heated, ice can be changed into water.（时间） 冰加热时变成水。 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于: 过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系, 而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。 Seeing in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally sup

16、pose.提示:1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose配套练习动词-ing或过去分词作状语, 其逻辑主语应是主句主语。2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universiti

17、es in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 解析: 正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的, 所以该空应填过去分词 Founded 作状语。 4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a f

18、irst-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. ha

19、ving invited8. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 析：正确答案为 A 项。博物馆是被完工的, 所以该空应填过去分词completed 作状语。9. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D

20、. begun 析：正确答案为 D 项。分析语境逻辑可知，该空含义为“(这研究)一旦被开始”，因此应填过去分词 begun作状语。10. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 析: 正确答案为 A 项。语境告诉我们“树是被给予关心的”, 因此该空应填过去分词 given作状语。11._for his expert advice, Holmes was able to help a great number of people with

21、their personal affairs. A. He was known B. Well known C. Having known D. Been known用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. The teach buildings _ (build) in 1960 need repairing.2. I found my school bag _ (leave) in Marys room.builtleft3._ (give) more time, Ill finish my work on time.4. Compared with _ (develop) countries,

22、 we still have a long way to go.5. The English teacher entered the room, _ (follow) by his students.Givendevelopedfollowed( )1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90全国) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.( )2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the s

23、tudents in this school(93全国)A. open B. opening C. having opened D. openedAD高考链接( )3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01全国夏) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered A( )4. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to

24、change it. (02全国) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begunD( )5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(03上海春)A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invitedA( )6. Friendship is like money: easiermade than _. (03北京)A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having keptA( )7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring( )8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (03北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given AD( )9. The first textbooks _ for teac