中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择 介词)

1、.2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 介词介词又称为前置词，属于虚词，不能独立作句子成分，必须与名词或代词等词类构成介词短语，才可以充当句子的成分。介词短语是介词与它的宾语构成的，在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和独立成分。一、时间介词 用于表示时间的介词有：at，on，in，before，after, by, untiltill, for, during和since等。 常用时间介词辨析： 1. at，in与on at常用于详细的时刻或较短暂的时间前。如：at eight o'clock, at this moment。 in表示某个较长的时间，如世纪、朝代、年、月

2、、四季或泛指一天的早、中、晚等。如：in the 2lst century, in 2019, in winter, in the evening。 on表示确定的时间，常用于详细的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或一般节日前。如：on Sunday morning, on Teachers' Day。 2. since与for since后跟时间点，指从某时延续到如今，通常与完成时连用。如： Jack has lived here since he was eight years old.杰克从八岁起就住在这儿。 for后跟时问段，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、如今、将来等多种

3、时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如： We will stay in Shanghai for two weeks.我们将在上海待两周。 3. after与in after+时间段表示以过去为起点的一段时间，常用于过去时。after+时间点表示将来某个时间之后，常用于将来时。如： After two days，they reached London. 两天后，他们到达伦敦。 in+时间段表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一段时间之后，常用于将来时。如： My father will be back in three days.我爸爸将在三天后回来。 例题1 Liu Xiang announced

4、 the retirement退役in Shanghai_ May 17, 2019. A. inB. on C. at D. since 【解析】B此题考察了时间介词的辨析。句意：刘翔2021年5月17日在上海宣布退役。时间在详细的某一天，用介词“on，应选B项。 例题2 一Our class will have a party _ the evening of June 30th. Would you like to come? - Yes, I'd love to, but I'm going to visit my grandparents in Dalian. A.

5、in B. on C. at 【解析】 B 此题考察介词用法辨析。in theevening为惯用法后面不接介词of短语。当表示在某一天的某个时间时常用介词on。on the evening of June 30th在六月三十日的晚上。二、方位介词 用于表示地点和方向的介词有：at，on，in，by，under, near, between, beside, next to, in front of, into, out of, along, to, for, across, through等。 常用方位介词辨析：1. at，in，on表示“在位置at一般指小地方。如：They arrived

6、 at a small village before dark. 天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。in一般指大地方或某个范围之内。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 昨天他到达了上海。on通常表示“在某个物体的外表。如：The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。2. in，on，to表示“在范围 on表示两地是相邻接壤的关系。如： China is on the west of Korea中国在朝鲜的西部。 in表示在某一地区内的某方位，属于该范围。如： Beijing is in the n

7、orth of China.北京在中国的北部。 to表示在某一地区外的某方位，不属于该范围。如：Guangdong lies to the south of Henan.广东在河南的南边。3. across，through表示“通过across表示从物体外表通过，与on有关。如：The boy ran across the street. 这个男孩跑过了街。through表示通过一个空间，与in有关。如：Look, the train is going through the tunnel. 看，火车正在穿越隧道。4. over，above，on表示“在上 over强调某一物体在另外物体的正上

8、方，属垂直关系。如： There is a new bridge over the Yangzi River.在扬子江上，有一座新的桥梁。 above泛指在上方，不强调垂直关系，而且两个物体不接触。如： Raise your arms above your head.把你的手臂举过头顶。 on指在上面，而且两个物体有接触面。如： I can see a computer on the desk.我看到桌子上有一台电脑。5. below，under表示“在下面below“在下， 不一定在正下方。如：Write your name below the line. 在横线下方写下你的名字。under

9、“在正下方。如：There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。 6. besides，except表示“除了besides包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去了电影院。exceptexcept是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很冲动。他们冲动，而我却不冲动7. between, among表示“在之间betweenbetween指两者之间。This is the

10、 secret between you and me.这是你我之间的机密。 amongamong指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。Jack swims fastest among all the students. 在所有学生中，杰克游得最快。8. in front of，in the front of表示“在前面in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面，在某个范围以外。There is a garden in front of the house.房屋前有一棵树。in the front of表示“在的前部，在某个范围以内。My teacher is standing in the fr

11、ont of the classroom我的老师正站在教室前。例题 1 In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zeroall day. A. above B. below C. over D. under 【解析】 B 句意：在寒冷的冬天，哈尔滨的气温通常全天都保持在零度以下。哈尔滨冬天气温保持在零度以下，故A，C错。Below指地位低下或低于某程度、标准；under那么指空间位置。此题指低于零度线这个标准，应选B。 例题2 Some students often enjoy music to relax thems

12、elves classes. A. among B. over C. during D. between 【解析】D among，“在三者或三者以上之间；over“在上方；during，“在期间；between，“在两者之间。根据句意“一些学生课间经常听音乐放松自己。可知选D项。 例题3 Jim sits behind me，so I sit _ him. A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of 【解析】 D 此题考察介词短语辨析。at the top of“在的顶部；at the end of“

13、在的终点；in the middle of“在的中间；in front of“在的前面。句意：吉姆坐在我的后面，所以我坐在他的前面。应选D。三、方式介词常用方式介词及辨析见下表：介词用法例句by表示“以方式、方法或手段。We can celebrate Christmas by giving presents我们可以通过送礼物来庆贺圣诞节。with表示“用工具。I can write better with the pen. 用这支笔我可以写得更好。in表示“用方式、语言、语调或颜色等。What's this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？on表示“用一般指用网络、电脑、电

14、视、 等。 We often chat with each other on the phone.我们经常在 里互相聊天。例题1 -Nancy, how can I protect the birds? They are in danger. -I think you may protect them _joining the Bird Watching Society. A. in B. by C. on D. with 【解析】B根据答句句意“我认为你可以通过参加观鸟协会来保护它们可知选表示“通过方式的B项。 例题2 More and more people in Shanghai cho

15、ose to go to work underground. A. inB. with C. by D. for 【解析】C此题考察介词by的用法，后接交通工具名词单数，表“乘。四、介词短语 介词在实际运用中常和其他词类形成固定搭配，只有熟记并掌握它们，才能正确使用介词。 1. 介词与名词搭配 如：in time, on time, at the same time, out of breath, on one's way to.等。 2. 介词与动词搭配 如： arrive in/at, turninto, think of, prefer to，belong to等。 3. 介词与

16、形容词、过去分词和动调等搭配 如：take part in, be proud of, be full of等。 注意： 由be made构成的常考短语be made of意为“由制成，从成品中可以看出原材料；be made from意为“由制成，从成品中看不出原材料；be made in意为“在某地被制造；be made by意为“由制造；be made up of意为“由组成，强调由单个的个体构成。如： This table is made of wood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。 Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿成的。 The watch was mad

17、e in Scotland.这块手表是在苏格兰制造的。 All our clothes are made by tailors. 我们的所有衣服都是由裁缝做的。 Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。 由be used构成的常考短语 be/become used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事；be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事；be used as意为“被当作来使用. be used by意为“被使用。如： He is used to eating out all the time. 他已经习惯在外

18、面吃饭了。 Wood can be used to make paper.木头可以用来造纸。 The book is used as a reference book.这本书被用来做参考书。 4. 部分介词短语与时态相对应介词短语时态from time to time, at times, on Sundays, at weekends一般如今时in the past, in 2019一般过去时at the moment, at present如今进展时at nine yesterday evening, from 8 to 10 yesterday morning过去进展时for two y

19、ears. since two years ago. since2019, over these years, by now, from then on, in the past few years如今完成时by last term过去完成时in the future, in 2020, in three months一般将来时例题1 I really can't see anything. His head is _ of my view. A. on the way B. by the way C. in the way D. out of the way 【解析】C此题考察了介词

20、固定搭配的用法。on the way，“在路上. by the way，“顺便说一下；in the way，“挡道；out of the way，“不挡道。根据句意“他的头挡住了我的视线。应选C项。 例题2 Oh, your shirt is the same _>A. as me B. with her C. with mine D. as hers 【解析】 D 此题考察介词短语the same as “与一样。句意：你的短裙与她的一样。应选D。真题测试测试时间：30分钟 总分值：80分1. Teachers' Day in China is _10 September wh

21、ile South Korea's Teachers' Day is _May.A on; on B in; inC. on; in D. in; on2. This photo reminded the old man _ the days when he was young.A. with B. for C. by D. of3. It's really _ you not to tell your parents about the problems. Do you think you can solve them on your own?A. smart of

22、B. smart forC. silly of D. silly for4. Helen is friendly and she always has a smile _ her face.A. on B. with C. at D. for5. - Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?- Sorry. It's_ the visiting hours. Let's go there tomorrow.A. on B. overC. during D. beyond6. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of A

23、libaba Group, has made much money _ the Internet.A. through B. alongC. across D. towards7. - I like the weather in Kunming. It's warm all year long.- Yes. And the temperature stays _zero all the time. A. at B. belowC. around D. above8. - David, when do you get up every day?- I usually get up _ h

24、alf past six. I'm never late for school.A. in B. at C. on D. during9. In the picture, the chair is _ the table.A. under B. onC. above D. beside10. - When is your birthday? - I was born _ December 17. This year I'll hold a birthday party for it at home.A. on B. at C. in D. by11. - When will o

25、ur guests arrive at the airport? -_the evening of this Saturday. A. At B. Of C. In D. On12. One of the opinions _smoking is that it is harmful to people's health. A. for B. againstC. at D. in13. Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students _ common problems. A. in B. about C. with D. for14. Welcom

26、e to our store. We have skirts _ all colors _ $16 each.A. at; in B. in; forC. at; at D. in; in15. You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A across B. belowC. over D. through16. The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office. A. at the front of B. amongC. between17. - I hear two high speed rail

27、ways will be built in Xiangyang _a few years- That sounds great It'll be more convenient and faster for us to go out A. after B. on C. in D. at18. -_ my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.- Congratulations. He did well _ playing football when he was very young. I hope he

28、'll be the best player in our school. A. To; of B. At; atC. To; in D. In; about19. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily_ the windows.A. below B. acrossC. behind D. against20. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them _ food or clothing.A in B. withC. abou

29、t D. for21. She always wants to do the job which she has been trained_.A. for B. by C. on D. of22. Healthy eating _ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit. A. less than B. instead ofC. such as D. together with23. It was really helpful _ him to take the cat to the animal centre _ a rainy night.

30、 A. of; on B. of; atC. for; on D. for; at24. The castle stands in a quiet place_ the main road at the far end of the river.A. to B. for C. off D. out25. - A person's life is like a road _ lots of difficulties. .- Yes, so we need positive energy.A. by B. withC. along D. during26. Many cities in C

31、hina, _ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air. A. including B. behindC. without D. beyond27. - This problem is far _me, I'm afraid I can't work it out.- Don't worry, we will help you. A. beyond B. besideC. behind D. between28. The 2019 Tournament Chess 国际象棋锦标赛 took place in Xin

32、ghua _ March 11.A. in B. at C. on D. /29. I hope the train will arrive on time, but it's _ my control.A. within B. withoutC. under D. beyond30. The 2019 Summer Youth Olympic Games will be held _ August in Nanjing. A in B. on C. by D. at31. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _ March in Fuj

33、iabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. A on B. at C. in D. to32. _ all his pocket money. Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day. A With B. For C. By D. In33. Some workers in that factory have to work _ night. A. at B. forC. with D. among34. - I'm afraid the boy can't dea

34、l with the problem - Me, too. _ , he is only 8 years old.A. In general B. So farC. After all D. For example35. _the exam, we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.A In B. ForC. After D. Through36. -What time do you usually go to school, Jack? -_about ha

35、lf past seven. A. On B. In C. At D. For37. They usually go shopping _ their lunch break.A. against B. amongC. between D. during38. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea_ April 16, 2019.A. in B. on C. at D. for39. The old man was so _ the good news that he couldn't say a word. A. interested i

36、n B. excited aboutC. afraid of D. worried about40. Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A. between B. withC. on D. under模拟测试测试时间：25分钟 总分值：60分1. -Excuse me, sir, but you are _ my way.- Sorry, I didn't know you were passing by.A. on B. by C. with D. in2. John is always praised _ one of

37、the top students _ his efforts.A. as; for B. as; byC. for; by D. by; for3. It's hard- working _ him to spend three hours _the library on Sunday. A. for; in B. for; onC. of; in D. of; on4. - She sold her house to cure her mother's illness, even though it was _ her own wishes- It's so nice

38、 _ her!A for; for B. on; forC. above; of D. against; of5. I am very happy to know the Super Star Partner in CCTV has _ lots of help_ those children in need of care and love.A provided; with B. given; forC. provided; for D. offered; with6. The result of the discussion is that one group supported the

39、suggestion while the other groups were_ it.A. for B. betweenC. against D. with7. The Swiss-made solar powered plane " Solar Impluse 2 " arrived _ Nanjing ,_ Tuesday night, April 21, 2019.A in; at B at; atC. in; on D. at; on8. - What's the meaning of the network hot word "No zuo no

40、 die"?- Maybe it means if you don't do stupid things, bad things won't happen_ you.A. on B. at C. by D. to9. - Do you like tea or coffee?- Coffee. I prefer coffee _ milk if you don't mindA to B. of C. with D. in10. A passenger ship carrying 458 people sank 下沉 _ about 9: 28 p.m._ the

41、 night of 1st July in the Hubei section of China's Yangtze River. A at; on B. at; inC. in; on D. on; in11. -A person's life is like a road _ lots of difficulties. - Yes, so we need positive energy. A. by B. with C. along D. during12. -It is careless _ him to lose his wallet again. -I think i

42、t necessary _ him to be more careful next time. A. of; to B. of; forC. for; for D. of; of13. On the reality show I Am a Singer 3, the 40-year-old-singer-song,Arriter Li Jian has been praised _ his singing ability. A. as B. with C. to D. for14. There're no buses in the small village. He has to go

43、 there _his bicycle. A. by B. in C. with D. on15. - Hi, Linda, why are you so unhappy? - I missed the football match between Hengda and Shuntian _ the bad traffic. A. so as to B. in order toC. because of D. as a result16. - I think drinking milk every morning is good _our health.- Yes. I agree _ you

44、.A. to; to B. with; toC. at; withD. for; with17. Think about what I have told you, but _ , don't breathe a word of it to others.A. at allB. after all C. in all D. above all18. - Are you ready? We'll go out for a picnic _ three o'clock. - OK ! I'm coming.A. in B. after C. for D. since

45、19. Former president of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, passed away _ Monday morning,Mar 23.A. on B. at C. in D. by20. Jimmy broke his leg. _ , he will have to be away from school for two or three months.A As usual B. As a resultC. In order that D. First of all21. It's nice _ Tom to tell me the news be

46、cause it's very important _ me.A for, of B. of, toC. for, to D. of, of22. - What can you see _ the bridge, Millie?- Oh, an elephant is standing over there. Let's go and see it. A. across B. throughC. above D. over23. _ the evening of October 3lst, people have a party to celebrate Halloween.

47、A. In B. On C. At D. To24. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn't kill them_ food or clothing.A. in B. with C. about D. for25. The monkey can stand _ two feet for twenty minutes. A. up B. on C. with D. in26. _ further information, please contact Lucy _ 55536678. A. For; on B. In; onC. For; at D. In; at27. - I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_ the window.- Oh, it's dangerous to do that.A. to B. through C. over D. across28. We live right here. Look! The house on the other side of the street is my uncle's. His house Is_ ours.A in front