新概念二Lesson_49_知识点整理

1、学必记单词习目常考短语标全经典句型解重点语法Lesson 49The end of a dreamtiredadj.厌烦的realadj.真实的ownern.拥有者springn.弹簧mattressn.床垫gustn.阵风windn.风sweepvt.扫crushvi.撞courtyardn.院子smashv.打碎miraculouslyadv 奇迹般地unhurtadj.没有受伤的glancev.一瞥be tired of doing sth. 对做什么事情感到厌倦 save up 储蓄，存钱blow up 爆炸；给轮胎打气；吹气球； 放大照片；坏天气的突然来临A gust of wind

2、 一阵风glance at 扫视，匆匆看一眼smash to pieces碎成片pick up 拾起、捡起lie around 散落在四周1. Tied of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.2. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.3. He slept very well for the firs

3、t two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.4. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.5. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.6. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay aroundhim, the man sadly pick

4、ed up the mattress and carried it into his house.一主从复合句定义：主从复合句由主句和从句两部分构成。其中，从句充当主句的某个句子成分。 （主语，宾语，补语，状语，同位语等） 种类主从复合句有三类名词性从句 ：分成主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句等。定语从句 ：分成限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句，双重定语从句。状语从句 ：分成时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句， 目的状语从句，让步状语从句。二分词1. 分词的形式和意义英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。分词具有形容词，副词和动词的特征。现在分词可以

5、带有状语或宾语；过去分词可以带状语，构成分词短语。分词或者分词短语在句中可以作定语，表语，补语或者状语。分词的否定结构就是分词前加 not。2. 分词作状语分词作状语可以表示时间，原因，条件，结果，让步和方式等情况（经常可以转换成相应的状语从句） ，通常放在句首或者句尾 （作状语的分词与主句之间往往用逗重点语法号隔开），在正常情况下分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。 作时间状语。Working in the factory (= While he worked in the factory), he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。Heated by

6、an alcohol burner (=While it is heated by an alcohol burner), water can be changed into steam.水被酒精灯加热后，可变成水蒸气。 作方式状语（表示伴随的动作）He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.他待在家里，又擦又洗。She sat speechless, confused by what was going on.她一声不吭地坐着，完全不明白究竟在发生什么事。 作原因状语Not having heard from her son for a long time

7、, the mother worried a great deal.由于长时间没有收到儿子的信件，母亲非常着急。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.有了著名侦探的指点。这个姑娘不在害怕了。 作结果状语He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our holiday.雨下了两个星期，把我们的假期都毁了。 作条件状语Play

8、ing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。Taken in time, the medicine will be effective.吃得及时，这药会非常有效。 作让步状语Considered as a building material, wood is not very strong.重点语法木材可以用来做建筑材料，但不很结实。Raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但是很快就放晴了。3. 分词作宾语补足语动词 hear, see, watch ,

9、 find , have, get, feel, keep 等经常用分词作宾语补足语。例如I found him lying on the grass.我发现他躺在草坪上。He saw the ground covered with snow.他看到地上覆盖着雪。1、 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦， 于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床。 tired 引导的分词短语省略了开头的 being，其作用相当于原因状语

10、从句： As he was tired of。sleeping 为动名词，作介词 of 的宾语。 save up为固定短语，表示“储蓄” 、“攒钱”：I want to get married in one or two years, so Im trying to save (some money) up.我想一两年之间内结婚，所以我在设法攒钱。 to 在这里用于表示目的，相当于in order to：教材全解I got up early to have a swim.为了游泳我起了个大早。2、 For the first time in his life, he became the pr

11、oud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.他生平第一次自豪地拥有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床。 for the first time in ones life平生第一次 which引导的定义从句，修饰bed Spring 作名词我们知道有“春天”的意思。那句有名的西风颂（ Ode to the West Wind written by Percy Shelley）中的诗句： , If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?（冬天来了，春天还远吗？）Spring 作名词时还有“发条、弹簧”的意思。

12、课文中就是这种用法。3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. 由于天气很热，他便把床搬到他的屋顶上。on to（ onto） 类似与 in to（into），用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“ on”（上面） 的概念。 onto/on to 有时可用 on 代替，但表示位置的 on 不可用 onto 代替：Lift sth. on to the cart.把某物抬到马车上The pen is on the table. （不能用 o

13、nto/on to）Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage.汤普森先生跳上了台上。Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage.汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。4、 He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.教材全解头两天晚上，他睡得很好，但是第三天晚上起了风暴。for the first two nights for the last three nights头两天晚上最后三天晚上blow up1. 爆炸The pla

14、ne blew up in midair.2. 给轮胎打气；吹气球3. 放大照片4. 坏天气的突然来临5. 生气、发怒Jenny fathers blew up when she didn comet home last night.5、 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.一阵狂风把床从屋顶上刮了下来，把它摔碎在下面的院子里。 gust 表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风” ，既可单独使用，也可用 a gust of wind 形式：A gust (of wind

15、) blew my hat off.She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。 sweep vt. 扫，打扫：She sweeps the floor/ the room every morning.她每天早上扫地打扫房间。The room is swept clean.房间被打扫干净了。 off = down/away from crashing into the courtyard below 是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。 crash （不及物动词） 直接用主动形式， smash（及物动

16、词）可用被动一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用 and 或 but 连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词 to do(表目的 )，-ed(表被动 )，-ing( 表主动 )。6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. 那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒过来。notuntil 表示“直到才”，until 前面没有 not 时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用； 有 not 时，常用表示某一时间点的动词 （或瞬间动词） 连用 ,表示“直到 才” He waited for me until it

17、was getting dark.他等我直到天黑。I didntfinish my homework until my mother came back.教材全解直到我妈妈回来，我才完成作业。7、 Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. 尽管床摔成了碎片，但年轻人却奇迹般地没有受伤。 piece 是“一张、一片”的意思，比如“ a piece of paper”（一张纸）。 smash v. 砸，粉碎 , 经常与 up, into/to pieces 连用：The plate drippe

18、d on the floor and smashed into little pieces.盘子掉到了地上，砸成了小碎片。He had an accident and smashed up his car.他出了车祸，把汽车撞得粉碎。 miraculously 来自于名词 miracle（奇迹）。miraculously是副词，表示“奇迹般地” ,修饰形容词， unhurt.8、 Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.年轻人看了一眼周围的碎片木片和碎片金属片，伤心地捡起来床垫，把它拿进来屋。 . glancing 为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句 after he glanced at。动词的 ing 形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。动词 glance 的主要含义为“看一眼” 、“扫视”：John glanced at his watch and left the room.约翰看了一眼手表，然后离开了房间。Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking