必修三unit1Grammar

1、人教课标人教课标高一高一 必修必修 3Unit 1Modal verbs such as may, might, will, would, can, could, shall, should, and must are used for many purposes. Find the sentences in the reading passage that use modal verbs. 1 Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather2 Sometimes celebrations would be held

2、 after hunters had caught animals.3 At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find 4 or to satisfy the ancestor, who might return either to help or to do harm. 5 For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves6 this will lead the ancestor back to earth.7 It is now a

3、childrens festival, when they can dress up and go8 the children might play a trick on them.9 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.10 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.11 In European countries, people will usually decorate and will get together12 Some people mi

4、ght win awards for their13 At the Spring Festival in China, people may give children lucky money in red paper.14 These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语情态动词不能单独做谓语, 后接动词原形。后接动词原形。 2) 情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称, 数的变化数的变化, 但有些情态但有些情态动词动词, 如如can, will也有一般式和过去

5、式的变也有一般式和过去式的变化。化。3) 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区别形式并不是时间区别的的主要标志主要标志, 不少情况下不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。间、过去时间和将来时间。只作情态动词的只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情态可实义的可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的 have

6、 to, used to 1) 表示能力，常译为表示能力，常译为“能，会能，会”.He can speak several languages.She could play the piano when she was three years old. could是是 can的过去式只表示过去具有某种的过去式只表示过去具有某种能力。能力。can和和could：can表示表示“能够能够”时与短语时与短语be able to同义同义，但但can只用于一般现在时或过去时只用于一般现在时或过去时，而，而后后者可用于各种时态者可用于各种时态。另外，另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而表示个人有某种能力，而

7、be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；叙述；叙述过去事实时，最好用过去事实时，最好用was / were able to.The girl will be able to speak English well in a few months.选词填空选词填空1. A computer _ (cant; couldnt) think for itself, it must be told what to do.2. The fire spread through the net bar

8、very quickly but everyone_(could, was able to) get out. 2) 表示允许表示允许.May /Can I have a word with you? It wont take long.-Could I use your computer?-Yes , you can.口语中口语中can 可以代替可以代替may 表示表示“许可许可”；could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 语气较语气较can更更客气、委婉。客气、委婉。回答回答could I ? 时，肯定回答应该用时，肯定回答应该用can3)表示推测（一般不用于肯定句中）表示推测（

9、一般不用于肯定句中）This cannot be done by him.- Isnt that your boss over there?- No, it_(cant, may not) be him. Im sure he is in the office now. 4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的客观可能性。客观可能性。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.When winter comes, _(can, will) spring be far behind?5)表示一时的情况，只用于肯定句，表示一时的

10、情况，只用于肯定句，意为意为“有时候会有时候会”It can be quite cold here in winter.这里的冬天有时还真够冷的。这里的冬天有时还真够冷的。Jeff is a very clever boy, but he can be very dull sometimes.6)表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句）于否定句、疑问句和感叹句）What can he be doing at this time of night?都这么晚了，他究竟在干什么？都这么晚了，他究竟在干什么？How can you believ

11、e such a liar like him?你怎么能相信像他那样的一个骗子呢？你怎么能相信像他那样的一个骗子呢？ may和和might：1)表示许可表示许可 表示请求、允许时，表示请求、允许时，might 比比may的语气更的语气更委婉一些，回答时（口语中）常用：委婉一些，回答时（口语中）常用：No, you cant. 或或 Yes, please. e.g. -May I come in?-Yes, please. / - No, you cant. You may go now.-Might I use your pen?- No, you mustnt.2) 表示说话人的猜测表示说话

12、人的猜测“也许也许”、“可能可能”;通常只用通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。于肯定句和否定句中。其否定句用其否定句用may not表示表示“可能不可能不”之意。之意。might比比may可能性更小。可能性更小。The guest may arrive this afternoon. -Is John coming by bus?-He should, but he_(may, need) not. He likes riding his bike.在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿;

13、但语气较正式但语气较正式: e.g. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might的用法有的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。 e.g. She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。will 和和 would： 1）表示请求、建议时，）表示请求、建议时，would 比比will 语气语气更委婉，用于疑问句中。更委婉，用于疑问句中。Will you please pass me the salt?Woul

14、d you please lend me your dictionary? 2) 表示意志、意愿。表示意志、意愿。will指现在，指现在，would指指过去。过去。I will never do that again.3)表示习惯性动作，译为表示习惯性动作，译为“总是，惯于总是，惯于”。will 表示现在，表示现在，would 表示过去。表示过去。Fish will die out of water.鱼离不开水。鱼离不开水。She would sit like that for hours.以前她常常以前她常常那样一坐就是几个小时。那样一坐就是几个小时。I still remember my

15、happy childhood when my mother_ (might, would) take me to Disneyland at weekends. would/used towould表示过去反复发生的动作或某种表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。倾向。would 表示过去习惯时比表示过去习惯时比used to正式，正式，并没有并没有“现已无此习惯现已无此习惯”的含义。的含义。4）表示规律性的）表示规律性的“注定会注定会”用用will。You will regret if you lose this chance.错过这错过这次机会，你注定会后悔的。次机会，你注定会后悔的。sha

16、ll和和should：1）shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或许可。示征求对方意见或许可。Shall I fetch the hammer?要我去拿锤子要我去拿锤子吗？吗？Shall those goods be sent to you at once?这些货马上给你送过去吗？这些货马上给你送过去吗？2）shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。You shall be punished if you break the rule.(警告）警告）You shall

17、 have that book tomorrow.(许诺许诺)You _(shall, would) pay more attention to your behavior next time.3) should 表示义务、建议、劝告，意为表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该应该”。 “should + have + 过去分过去分词词”表示本应该在过去做但没有做。表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 e.g. You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。她应该通过考试的。

18、4) should 表示对现在、将来、过去情况的推表示对现在、将来、过去情况的推测，意为测，意为“可能，该可能，该”。They should be there by now, I think.A week ago, I told him that I _ go to Beijing the next day.5) should表示对某事不能理解，感到意外、表示对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊讶等意思，惊讶等意思，“竟然，竟会竟然，竟会”Its strange that he should have done such a thing.It was sad to me that they, so p

19、oor themselves, _（should, would) bring me food.6）可用在）可用在if引导的条件状语从句中，引导的条件状语从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于不是完全不可能，相当于“万一万一”的的意思。意思。If it should rain tomorrow, I will stay at home.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.must 和和 have to1)表示表示“必须必须”、“应该应该”must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用肯

20、定回答用must否定式用否定式用neednt 或或dont have to表示表示“不必不必”, mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.You mustnt speak like that.e.g. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home. 表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must和和have to稍有区别。稍

21、有区别。must着重说明主观着重说明主观看法，看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。 e.g. You must be the new teacher. He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 3. must表示对某人某事的猜测表示对某人某事的猜测“准准是是”、“一定一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用的事情作肯定判断用must have done。e.g. He must c

22、ome and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.4. must表示表示“偏要偏要, 硬要硬要”, 指做令人不指做令人不快的事情。快的事情。can / could, may / might, should 和和 must都可表示肯定的推测。都可表示肯定的推测。can / could表示客观可能性；表示客观可能性；may表示推测表示推测时，其语气不肯定；时

23、，其语气不肯定；might语气更弱，语气更弱，表示某事实际发生的可能性；表示某事实际发生的可能性；should 表示确定或可能有的未来或期待；表示确定或可能有的未来或期待；must表示比较肯定的语气表示比较肯定的语气。如：。如：I think advertisements can be quite dangerous.The newcomer may be dismissed by the company.The rescue team should arrive by 5 oclock this afternoon.I think the old woman must be a nice p

24、erson.could, might, would, should 都可表示委都可表示委婉语气。婉语气。如如:I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone. Might I know your telephone number? 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for

25、the meeting. (福建福建 2011) will B. must C. may D. canB2. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, you are really his big fan. (湖南湖南 2011)A. can B. need C. must D. might3. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. (江西江西 2011) A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. needntAB4. Will

26、 you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (陕西陕西 2011)A. might B. must C. could D. shall5. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011大纲全国卷大纲全国卷)A. can B. should C. must D. may CD6. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. (四川

27、四川 2011) can B. may C. must D. should 7. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. (重庆重庆 2011) could B. might C. would D. should AC8. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. (2010课标全国卷课标全国卷)A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not9. I havent got the reference book yet,