语法学案动词的ing形式作主语和宾语

1、一、基础知识1. 动词的形式：动词有四种形式，分别是动词的原形、动词的过去式、动词 的过去分词和动词的ing形式。2. 动词的ing形式，因为在句子中做的成分不同分为两类。第一是动名词， 常用作主语、宾语和表语。第二是现在分词，常用作状语、定语或宾补等。3. 英语的句子可以由很多成分构成。主要成分有主语、谓语和宾语或表语（1） 主语是指一个句子的中心，表示所讲的是谁或是什么。一般说来，用 作主语的词通常是名词和代词。（2）谓语是说明主语的动作，状态或特征的成分。 谓语一般可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语 简单谓语主要是指单个的动词或 作谓语。 复合谓语主要是指 加动词原形或加表语构成。（3）宾语是动

2、作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。女口：名词作宾语I love music.代词做宾语 He often helps me. 动名词作宾语 He likes playing football.从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time.（4）表语说明主语 是什么”或怎么样”由名词、形容词、介词、副词、 不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语 He is very generous.名词作表语 My fath

3、er is a teacher. 不定式作表语 Seeing is believing.二、动词的ing形式的构成和形式1. 动词ing形式，一般情况下是在动词的后面直接加ing。如：read reading. 有特殊变化的需要灵活变化， 女口: struggle struggli ng regret- regrett ing2. 动词的ing主要有4种形式。 一般式 ving女口： doing 一般被动式being+动词的过去分词女口： being +done 完成式 having +动词的过去分词女口： having +done 完成被动式 having been+动词的过去分词 女口：

4、having been +done三、动词ing形式作主语、宾语的用法和考点 动词ing形式作主语、宾语时称作动名词（一）动名词作主语1. 位置：句首或it作形式主语，而把正在的动词ing移至后面。2. 主谓一致：单个的动名词作主语，谓语动词用（单数/复数）两个或多个动名词作主语，指不同的动作，谓语动词用（单数/复数）如: Smoking is harmful to our health.属于动词ing形式作主语。谓语用了单数的。It is a waste of time doing such a thing.属于作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的 可以转换成=Doi ng such a thi

5、 ng is a waste of time.（二）重要考点1. 注意动词ing形式作主语的固定句型1）It is /was a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间。（2）It is / was no good/use doing做是没有好处/用处的（3）It is worth/worthwhile doi ng做是值得的（4）There is/ was no point doing做是无意义的。女口： It is no use waiting here.在此等待毫无用处。 =Waiti ng here is no use.2. 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别（1）动名词作主

6、语通常表示抽象的、多次的动作；而不定式作主语表示具体的， 一次的动作。Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）It is not very good for you to smoke so much 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。 （具体）（2）动名词做主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbi ng mountains is in teresti ng. 爬山很有趣。 （经验）To protect the en vir onment is our duty. 不定式和动名词作主语，可以用it当形式主语，把

7、做主语的不定式或动名 词后置。It took me only five minu tes to fin ish the job.It is no use/good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 练习： 1. loud music in public against the law in the UK.A. Play; is B. Having played are ;C. Playing; is D. Playing ;are2.It is a waste of time to persuade him.A. to tryB. tryC. tryingD. trie

8、d(三) 动名词作宾语1. 位置：动词或介词的后面，构成动宾或介宾女口：I enjoy play ing badm inton.主语是 谓语是 宾语是 属于动名词作宾语She is fond of play ing basketball.在此句子中放在介词后作了宾语成分2重要考点避免错过少延期 建议完成多练习 喜欢想象禁不住 承认否定与嫉妒 逃避冒险莫原谅 忍受保持不介意常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词或短语(1) avoid, miss, delay/put off(2) advise/suggest, finish, practise(3) enjoy, imagine, canthelp(

9、4) admit, deny, envy(5) escape, risk, excuse(6) stand, keep, mind以上单词常常接动词的ing形式作宾语女口： Would you mind opening the door?(to do)特别注意某些动词后可以接动词ing形式作宾语也可以接不定式作宾语，意思区别很大1）forget to do忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doi ng停止正在或经常做的事3）remember to do记住去做某事（未做

10、） remember doing记得做过某事（已做）4）regret to do对要做的事遗憾（未做）regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 （已做）5）try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6）mean to do 打算，有意要mean doing 意味着7) go on to do继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)8) can' t help doing st禁不住做 can' t help to do st不能帮忙着去做 注意几个特殊动词need/want/require需要/要求)的宾语形式

11、 某人/某物需要做/被做Sb/sth +n eed/wa nt/require+ doing/ to be done女口：这间教室需要修理。This classroom n eeds repairi ng. = This classroom n eeds to be repaired. 练习：这个生病的老人需要检查。The sick old man required (examine)=The sick old man required.四、动词ing形式的复合结构和1. 动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式(1) 形容词性物主代词 my/your/our/his+动词ing形式；(2) 名词所

12、有格s (Tom's/ Mary s) +动词ing形式(3) 代词宾格 me/you/him/her/us+动词ing形式名词+动词ing形式2. 使用复合结构可以比较清楚的表示动词ing动作的发出者，使句子意思更 清楚。女口： Do you mi nd ope ning the wi ndow?你介意打开窗户吗？ Do you mi nd my/ me ope ning the wi ndow?你介意我打开窗户吗？ I'm looking forward to your coming 我期待你的至U来。3. 动词ing形式根据句子需要有被动或完成的形式变化女口： The b

13、ird was lucky and it just missed (catch).miss错过后接doing作宾语，还要考虑，鸟bird与catch的关系是被动的。 巩固练习1. Its no use without taking any action. (11 上海)A. complai n B. complai ning C. being compla ined D. to be compla ined 考点：2. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the building in the area.A. n eed repair

14、i ngB. n eeds to be repairedC. n eeds repairi ngD. n eed to repair考点：3. - What do you think made Mary so upset?- her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Los ingD. Because of los ing考点：4. He suggested .the teacher for help.A. I ask ingB. me to ask C. me ask ingD. my to ask考点：5. I still rememberto t

15、he Fame n Temple and what I saw there.A. to take B. to be take n C. tak ingD. being take n考点：6.1 can't stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talkingwhile she works.A. work ing; stopp ingB. to work; stopp ingC. worki ng ;to stopD. to work; to stop考点：补充考点：常接动词不定式to do作宾语的动词常与不定式做宾语连

16、用的动词有： want, hope, wish, offer, fail, pla n, lear n, prete nd, refuse, man age, help, agree, promise, afford, offer (主动提出做某事 )，decide, seek ,intend打算)等7. No one can avoid by advertisementsA. to be in flue needB. being in flue needC. in flue ncingD. hav ing in flue nee考点：8.ln my mind, that famous uni

17、versity will be the only way to become aworld-class writer.A. atte ndingB. atte nded C. atte ndD. hav ing atte nded考点：9. - Is that book worth ?-Yes, it is worthytwice.A. readi ng; being readB. to read; to be readC. of being read; read ingD. readi ng; of being read考点：10. I want to tell my father that

18、 the bike n eeds.A. to repair B. to be repaired C. repairD. being repaired考点：【即时练习】根据句意及所给提示完成下列对话。1. A: Avoidi ng being hurt is really a hard thing for me. Would you mind(give)me some advice?B: Sure. I suggest being yourself and practicing understanding others. Consider becoming more open-minded and (make) more friends. Sometimes(know) more people ope ns