语法_虚拟语气

1、非真实条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+have done1. If I had gotten there earliershould/could have met her.2. If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时（Be动词用were）主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+do :was。注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去

2、时态一律用 were，不用1. If I were you,l would take an umbrella.2. If I knew his teleph one nu mber,l would tell you.3. If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.4. If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.5. If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.6. she looked a

3、t me as if I had been a stranger.7. If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：if+ 主语+were to do if+ 主语 +should+do if+主语+did （动词过去式）/were主句：主语 +should/would/could/might+do1. If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.2. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go

4、skating.3. If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.错综条件句If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engin eer,too.If they had in formed us,we would not come here now.If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.If he knew her,he would have greeted her.当虚拟条件句的

5、谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首。eg：Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.Were she here,she would agree with us.Had he lear nt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.含蓄条件句We did n' k now his teleph one nu mber; otherwise we would have

6、 telepho ned him.Without your help,we wouldn 'have achieved so much.But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experime nt.It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the beari ng immediately.省略从句He would have fi ni shed it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。省略主句If I

7、were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。让步状语从句的虚拟语气1、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句 中用may/might+动词原 形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时， 表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有 though/even though/whatever/however/so long as;主句、从句的结构与 if所引导的条件 从句结构相同。Even if he were here himself,he should not kno

8、w what to do.Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.2、在 whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matterwh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +do。We will finish it on time no matter what may happe n.We will find him wherever he may be.I will wait for him no matter how

9、 late he may come.指过去： may +have done。You must n't be proud whatever great progress you may have made. We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.目的状语从句的虚拟语气1 在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，从句谓语为：should + do。且should能省略。She exam ined the door aga in for fear that a thief (sho

10、uld) come in.He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.2、在so that,in order that所引导的从句中，从句谓语为：can / could / may|/ might / will / would / should + do 。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.宾语从句的虚拟语气一想要(d

11、esire ) 一宁愿(prefer ) 一坚持(in sist )二命令(order , comma nd ) 三建议(advise , suggest , propose/recomme nd) 四要求(dema nd , require request , ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。 should 可以省略。eg: He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He in sisted that we (should) take th

12、e teacher's advice.He dema nded that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实 不相符的一种愿望，其虚拟语气的结构为：过去 had + done现在 过去时(be用were )将来 过去时(be用were )I'd rather you had seen the film ye

13、sterday.rd rather you were here now.We'd rather you went here tomorrow.同位语从句的虚拟语气It is (high /about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + do (优先使用 动词过去式)，即从句用虚拟过去式。It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.

14、如：necessary、important、impossible、 n atural、 stra nge、 surpris ing、 funny、 right、 wrong、 better、 a pity ,the shame ,no wonder 等。句型：It isthat +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或 只用动词原型。Do you think it is n ecessary that he (should )not be sent to Lin gbao.It is stra nge that such a pers on should be our friend.简单句的虚拟语气1、表示客气的建议或邀请，其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could /might / should +do 。Would you mind me shutt ing the door?You should always lear n this less on by heart.I should agree wit