考点14动词的被动语态-备战2020年高考英语考点一遍过

1、考点14动词的被动语态高考频度：【命题解读】动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。【命题预测】预计2020年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。【复习建议】1 .掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2 .掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3 .掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4 .掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。知识网络序号常用被动语态构成序号常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过

2、去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would beasked9将来完成时will/would have beenasked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注息事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或，情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构 be going to, used

3、 to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Trees should not be planted in sum mer.夏大不应该种树。The boy was made fun of by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。汉语杆-类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is -

4、 said that It is well known thatTt must be pointed out that-It is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted that It is hoped that卜面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won ' t shut. / The play won' T hetclothes washes well

5、. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.卜面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose hea

6、rt 等等考向一被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以 do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：寸 体时现在过去将来过去将来is / am / are donewas / were donewill / shall be donewould / should be done进行is / am / arebeing donewas / were beingdone/完成have / has beendonehad been donewill / shall havebeen donewould / should have be

7、endone被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(3)当"动词+宾语+宾语补足

8、语"结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.(4)在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was

9、seen to walk into the building.(5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如u动词+介词"，"动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.I典例制新1. (2019 新课标 III 卷语法填空)On the last day of our week-long stay, we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North

10、 Shore under the stars【答案】were invited。【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由 "on the last day of our weeklong stay可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根 据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we,故填were invited。2. (2019 江苏卷单项填空) They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the BeijingWiner Olympics.A. will installB. will have been

11、installed C. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“ 5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动 语态，故选B。3. (2017 天津卷单项填空)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,as one ofthe best all-round forms of exercise.A. regardB. is regardedC. are

12、 regardedD. regards【答案】B【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard.as-(把看做)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D;由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选Bo4. (2017 新课标 I 卷语法填空)When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.【答案】 are removed【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可

13、知fat, salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填 are removed o考向二不能用被动语态的几种情况：1. (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit> contain> equal> fit 等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。(4)表示"希望、意图”的动词，如： wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。考

14、向三主动形式表被动意义的情况：(1)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2)当 cut, sell, read, write , fill , cook, lock, wash, drive , keep等词带状语修饰语时;(3)当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示"发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；(4) want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(5) be wor

15、th doing用主动形式表示被动含义。(6)在"be +形容词+ to do "中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent (出租)也用主动形式表被动。1. （ 2019 年江苏卷阅读理解句子）It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. "The music was worth (save).【答案】savingAs time went on, Einstein 's theory to be c

16、orrect.A. provedB. provesC. is provedD. was proved【答案】 A【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove"证明是"，这里用作连系动词,要用主动形式表被动含义，故选Ao【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。一般将来 shall (will) do ,被动变 do 为 be done。将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing 。现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing

17、。现、过进行 be doing, 被动 be 力口 being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done；,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释："be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must, may, can, shall, will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。检测训练题组一基础过关用被动

18、语态的形式完成下列句子1. Don't be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit.fDon't be nervous, and you where to sit by them.2. People refers to California as the Golden State.fCalifornia as the Golden State by people.3. In order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures.

19、f A lot of measures by the government in order to stop the airpollution.4. We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now.fHow to spend the summer holidays now.5. Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her.fMiss Li can make her class lively and interesting

20、, so she by her students.6. Two whales have(wash) up on the beach.7. Tom was caught smoking in school, and he(punish) for it.8. If you leave the club, you(not allow) back in.题组二能力提升1 .单项填空1.1 got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. had been ruinedD. has bee

21、n ruined2 .Now all the employees except the manager to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC.is encouragedD. are encouraged3 .He everywhere for materials and finally his efforts paid off. The medicine to be veryeffective.A. looked; was provedB. explored; was provedC. sought; has provedD. hu

22、nted; was proving4 . -What' s that noise?- Oh, I forget to tell you. The new machine.A.is testingB. was being testedC.is being testedD. has been tested5 .The plan for Xiongan New Area officially on April 1,2017.A. announcedB. was announcedC. announcesD.is announced6 .Ann a certificate at the end

23、 of the program to show she has learned computer skills.A. will giveB. will be givenC. gaveD. was given7 .Martin Luther King demanded that people of all races.A. were equally treatedB. should treat equallyC.be equally treatedD. are giving equal rights8 .Different types of teas by skilled tea-tasters

24、 before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.A. are tastedB. were tastedC. tastedD. have tasted9 . Do you think he can win the prize for the race?Impossible now. He to do so, but he has just had his right leg hurt.A. has expectedB.is expectedC. would expectD. was expected10 .Today, the forests have alm

25、ost gone. People must down too many trees.A. stop to cutB. stop from cuttingC.be stopped to cutD.be stopped from cutting11 .语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。China has once again proved its 1 (able) to change the world with the “ new four great inventions high-speed railways , electronic payme

26、nts , shared bicycles and online shopping .s livesThey ' re related to China-techsrtngvation(创新),2 has improved the quality of people ,'according to a survey 3 (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University .“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and

27、eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone , " said4 university student , adding that “ even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”The bikes 5 (them)are not new , but the operating model of bike-sharing 6 (base) on satellite navigation system , mobile payment, big data and other

28、 high technologies .China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 7 (encourage)innovation , said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China .8 is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas . This is

29、9 (especial)true in mobile , where China is leading in many ways such associal messaging aspeseChThisis partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile . China has the 10 (large)mobile use in the world .题组三体验真题1. (2019 天津卷 单项填空)Amy, as well as her brothers,a warm welcome whe

30、n returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given2. (2018 江苏卷.单项填空)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development planin the past two years.A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out3. ( 2017 新课标 I

31、I 卷语法填空)Steam engines _65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been (fairly ) (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.4. (2017 新课标 III 卷语法填空)Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain' s new supermodel earningmillion dollars in the next year.5. ( 2016 d匕京卷 单项填空)T

32、he students have been working hard on their lessons and their effortswith success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded6. (2016 江苏卷 单项填空)More efforts, as reported, in the years ahead to accelerate thesupply-side structural reform.A. are madeB.will be madeC.are being

33、 madeD.have been made7. (2016 全国新课标卷 I 语法填空) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62(allow ) to get up close to these cute animals at the600-acre centre.8. (2016 上海卷 语法填空) In recent years, stress (33)(regard)

34、as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.9. (2016 四川卷 语法填空) The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.10. (2017 北京卷,单项填空)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones yet.A. haven ' t inven

35、tedB. haven ' t been inventedC. hadn' t inventedD. hadn' t been invented答案解析题组一基础过关用被动语态的形式完成下列句子I.will be told2.is referred to3.have been taken4.is being discussed5.is respected6.been washed7.was punished8.will not be allowed题组二能力提升1 .单项填空2 .D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毁了。my suit与ruin

36、的关系是被动关系，要用被动语态；从题意可知，我的衣服是过去弄湿了，现在还是湿的，用现在完成时态；主语my new suit是第三人称单数。故选D。3 .D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，除了经理外，所有的员工都被鼓励可以在家里在网上工作。主语 是all the employees,谓语用复数；与 encourage之间是被动关系。故选 D。4 .C【解析】考查动词辨析；时态和语态。句意：他到处寻找材料，最后他的努力得到了回报。这种药被证明是非常有效的。look是不及物动词，看”的也是；explore探索；探测；hunt打猎；搜索。prove在此是系动词，证明是；发现为”的意思，不用于被动，

37、后面跟形容词或to be 结构。故选Co5 .C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：一一这个噪音是什么？一一我忘记告诉你了。新的洗衣机正在被检测。根据问句"What' s that noised知；新的机器正在被检测。所以，本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。5.B【解析】考查时态和语态。主语是 The plan for Xiongan New Area ,与谓语动词announce之间是被动关系， 时间状语是2017年4月1号，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。6.B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个项目结束的时候，将会给 Ann 一个证书以表明她已经学会了计算 机技能。由句意可知

38、， Ann和give之间是被动关系，且 给她证书”是这个项目结束时才会发生的事，故要 用将来时态。故 B选项正确。7 .Cdemand后面的宾语【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：马丁路德金要求所有种族的人被平等对待。从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do, should可以省略，而且 people of all races和treat是被动关系，故选 C。8 .A【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在出现在茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas和taste是被动关系，而且这句话表示客观事实，用一般现在时。故选A。9 .D【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：你认为他能在跑步比赛中获奖吗？

39、现在几乎不可能了，他曾有希望获奖， 但是他刚刚弄伤了右腿。He与expect之间是被动关系，而且这一动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故D项正确。10 .D【解析】考查动词语态和动词的用法。stop sb. from doing sth.是固定用法，意为 阻止某人做某事“；又因主语People和stop之间是动宾关系，所以此处应选D。11 .语法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用新的四大发明”来改变世界。1. ability【解析】考查名词。作 proved的宾语，用名词，所以填 ability。2. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。2 has impro

40、ved the quality of people' ,s他Is语，修饰 China' shigh-tech innovation（创新），且有逗号隔开，所以 2 has improved the quality of people，'是skives限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用 which。3. made【解析】考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语a survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，填made。4. a【解析】考查冠词。泛指"位大学生"，且university的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。5. themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：自行车它们本身不是新的。表示 它们本身"，所以填themselves6. is based【解析】考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，且 the operating model of bike-sharing与 base on之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填is based。7. encouraging【解析】考查固