六级英语语法汇总

1、一、词类：1、 动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。1行为动词 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing ,具体判断方法如下：2be 动词 a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它，所有复数全 用 are。b、 肯定和否认句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、 一般疑问句 Am I ? Yes, you are. No, you aren yoU/theyre? Yes,we/

2、 they are. No,we/ they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t.is、am are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。3情态动词 can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。不受其他任何条件影响2、名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。女M可加后缀：a. 般情况下，直接力口-s, 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb .以 s. x. sh

3、. ch 结尾，力口 -es, 如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc. 以 辅音字母 +y结尾，变 y为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberriesd .以 或 fe 结尾，变 f或 fe 为 v, 再力口 -es, 如： knife-knivese.不规那么名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-childre n foot-

4、feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,Japa nese-Japa nese3、形容词包括副词形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，有than 的时候一定 +er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词 性短名词性长形容词 性短名词性长第一人称Imeweusmymi neourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyour

5、yours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词短的和名词性物主代词长的一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词 短的；如无，就用名词性物主代词 长的。5、数量词：我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常 在日期中出现。 序数词的前面一般都加 the。6、 冠词：有a、an、the。 a和an的区别：an用于元音音素一般就是元音字母aeiou丨前，a用于 辅音音素前。二、否认句： b

6、e 动词am、is、are、was、were+not、情态动词can、must、should+ not、助 动词do、does、did+ not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否认句：1、看句中11有无 be动词-如有，直接在be动词后 + not。2、看句中才有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：1肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语某人或某物后，动词前。 供学习参考人称单数的助动词就用 does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。3在助动词后加 n ot。4原句中动词假设发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有 some

7、的要考虑是否要用 any。三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否认句：1、看句 中有无 be 动词，如有，把 be 动词提至U句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提至U句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：1肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语某人或某物后，动词前。2确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用 does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。3把助动词后提到句首。4原句中动词假设发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用 an y。四、

8、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词在开头，答复有很多种可能。 常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When什么时间问时间What time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点Which哪一个问选择Why为什么问原因What什么冋东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色What about。怎么样问意见What day星期几问星期几What date什么日期问日期What for为何目的问目的Howo O O O怎问情况How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量可数名词问数量How much多少钱；多少数量不可数名词冋多少钱或数量不可数How ab

9、out。怎么样问意见How ofte n多久问频率How long多长时间问时间长度How far多远问多远；多长距离五、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头有时有please，否认的祈使句一定是 don 加动词原形开头有时有please。把祈使句改为否认句只需在动词前加don 即可。六、时态1、一般现在时1一般现在时中的 be动词：一般用原形：am is aream用于第一人称单数I；s用于第三人称单数he she it和其他人名或称谓，女口： Ben his sister 等；are用于第二人称单数you丨和所有复数包括第一人称复数 we、第二人称复数

10、you ；第三人 称复数they和其他复数，如 the children、 his parents等。2一般现在时中的动词：第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数 he she it 和其他，如 Helen 、 her cousin 等， 加 s 或 es。第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。 4一般现在时判断依据如何判断一个句子是一般现在时： be 动词是 am 、 is、 are 动词用原形或加 没有时间状语或有 2、一般过去时 1一般过去时中的 一般用过去式： was was 用于第一人称单数 等;were用于第二人称单数you和所有复数包括第一人称复数 人称复数 they 和其他复

11、数，如 the children 、 his parents 等。 2一般过去时中的动词： 一般只有一种情况： +ed 这里强调一点，和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加 4一般过去时判断依据如何判断一个句子是一般过去时 ： be 动词是 was、 were动词加有表示过去的时间状语 现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：s、 esusually 、 often 、 everyday 、 sometimes 等不是具体的时间be 动词：were I 和第三人称单数 he she it 和其他人名或称谓， 如： Ben 、 we、第二人称复数ed动词后一般his s

12、isteryou ；第三ed。a moment ago last year this morningjust nowlast weekend five years ago3、一般将来时 1构成形式： Be going to + 动词原形， will +yesterday last monthlast weeklast nightthree days agotwo weeks ago动词原形2一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。 3句中往往有 tomorrow 、 soon 、 next week 等词。4、现在进行时1构成形式：该句是现在进行时ingBe 动词 +动词的 ing 形式

13、这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。 2现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。 3有用的依据： 一个句子中既有 be 动词，又有动词，且动词加了 4句中往往有 now、 look 、 listen 等词。 动词过去式、现在分词的不规那么变化：be 是 was, were beingeat 吃 ate eatingbegin开始beganbeginningfeel 感觉 felt feelingbuild建筑built buildingfind 找寻 found findingbuy买bought buyingfly 飞 flew flyingcan能could 无fo

14、rget忘记 forgot forgettingcome来 came comingget 得到 got gettingcopy拷贝copiedcopyinggive 给予 gave givingdo 做 did doinggo 去 went goingdraw画 drew drawinggrow 成长 grew growingdrink喝 drank drinkinghave 有 had havingdrive驾车drove drivinghear 听 heard hearingkeep 保持 kept keeping know 知道 knew knowing learn 学习 learnt,

15、 learned learning let 让 let lettingmake 做 made makingmay 可以 might 无mean 意思 meant meaningmeet 见面 met meetingmust 必须 must 无put 放 putputtingread 读 read readingride 骑 rode ridingring 响 rang ringingrun 跑 ranrunningsay 说 said sayingsee 看见 saw seeingsing 唱歌 sang singingsit 坐 sat sittingsleep 睡觉 slept sleep

16、ingspeak 讲话 spokespeakingspend 花钱 spentspendingstand 站立 stood standingsweep 清扫 sweptsweepingswim 游泳 swam swimming take 拿到 took taking teach 教 taught teaching tell 讲述 told tellingthink思考 thoughtthinkingwill意愿 would 无write写wrote writingdiary_ strawberrypass一、名词复数规那么1. 一般情况下，直接加 -s,如：book-books, bag-ba

17、gs, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力口 -es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以 辅音字母 y结尾，变 y 为 i,再力口 -es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以 “ f 或 fe 结变 f 或 fe 为 v , 再加 -es 如： knife-knivesLeaf leaves5不规那么名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoma

18、n-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth6. 单复数同形的名词：fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出以下各词的复数I him this her watch child photoday foot book dress tooth sheep box_ peachsandwich二、行为动词的变化。否认句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形 ( 其它 )。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does n

19、t构成否认句。如： He does nt often play. 一般疑问句： Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如： - Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.三、动词单三形式的变化规那么1 一般情况下,直接加 -s ,如： cook-cooks, milk-milks2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加 -es ,如：

20、 guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加 -es ,如： study-studies四、一般现在时用法专练 :一、写出以下动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make look havecarrycomewatch plantflystudy brush do teachwash二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often (have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.3. We (not

21、watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. they (like) the World Cup?6. What they often (do) on Saturdays?7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.10. There (be) some water in the bottle.

22、11. Mike (like) cooking.12. They (have) the same hobby.13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.14. You always (do) your homework well.15. I (be) ill. I m staying in bed.16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao (do) not like PE.18. The child often (watch) TV in the evening.19. Su

23、Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term.20. What day (be) it today? It s Saturday五、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句根本结构为be + V-ing.3现在进行时的否认句在be 后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。动词加 ing 的变化规那么1一般情况下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking2. 以不发音的 e结尾，去 e力口 ing,如： make-making, tas

24、te-tasting3. 假设末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如：run-ru nning, stop-stopp ing 现在进行时专项练习：(一)、写出以下动词的现在分词：playrunswim_make_golikewrite skiread have_singdance_put_seebuy_lovelive_take_ come_getstopsit _ begin shop(二) 、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls ( sing)in the cl

25、assroom .3. My mother ( cook )some nice food now.4. What you ( do ) now?5. Look . They ( have) an English lesson .6. They (not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! the girls (dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) to music.9. It s 5 o clock now. We (have)supper now10.

26、 Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is.六、将来时理论及练习 一、将来时,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、方案或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day/week/month/year.,soon,the day after tomorrow 后天等。 二、根本结构： be going to do ； will do.三、否认句：在 be动词am, is, are后加 not或情态动词 will后加not成won t例如：I m going to have a pic nic this after noon.I m not g

27、oing to have a pic nic this after noon.(四)、同义句： be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 我们将要学习英语We learn English.We learn English.七、一般过去时1一般过去时，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过

28、去的时间状语连用。例如：yesterday， lastweek/mouth/year. ， ago 等等。去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am , is在一般过去时中变为 was。 was not=wasnare在一般过去时中变为 were。 were not=weren t3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否认句： didn +t 动词原形，如： Jim didn t go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规那么：1. 一 般在动词末尾加 -ed，如：workworked , cook cooked2. 结尾是 e加 d,如：live li

29、ved3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如：stop stopped4. 以 辅音字母 y结尾的，变 y为i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied5. 不规那么动词过去式：am,iswas, arewere, dodid, seesaw, saysaid, givegave, getgotgowent, comecame, havehad, eatate, taketook, runran, singsang,putput, makemade, readread, writewrote, drawdrew, drinkdrank,

30、swimswam, sitsat过去时练习 (1)写出以下动词的过去式isamplant aredrinkplaygomake doesdanceworryask tasteeat put kickpassdo练习：用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I at school just now.2. He at the camp last week.3. We students two years ago.4. They on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6. There an apple on the

31、 plate yesterday.7. There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.I an English teacher now.2. She happy yesterday.3. They glad to see each other last month.行为动词的过去时练习 2用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father (read) a newspaper last n

32、ight.3. We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)4. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he .6. Gao Shan (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother .8. What she (find) in the garden last morning? She (find

33、) a beautiful butterfly.八、人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemheirtheirs习题一 . 用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big. ( I )2. The dress is . Give it to . ( she )3. Is this watch? (you) No, it s not . ( I )

34、4. is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are . ( he )二 . 用 am, is, are 填空1. I a boy. you a boy? No, I not.2. The girl Jacks sister.3. The dog tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.5. your brother in the classroom?6. Where your mother? She at home.7. How your father?8. Mike and Li

35、u Tao at school.9. Whose dress this?小升初英语语法总结祈使句，感慨句，疑问句 陈述句 祈使句Be careful!Please open your books.Let me have a try.Dont open the door.口诀：祈使句无主语，主语 you 常省去，动词原形当谓语，句首加don t 变否认。二.感慨句：用 what和how引导，what修饰的是名词，how修饰的是副词或形容词。 结构： What + a/an + 形+可数名词单数 +主语 +谓语！What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！How+ 形 / 副 + 主语 +

36、谓语！a fine day it is! Whatuseful work we have done! (What)careful my mother is! (How)delicious bread it is! (What)做题技巧：从右往左看，先划掉感慨号前的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需区分可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。三疑问句 疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。1. 一般疑问句：需要用 yes或no来答复。结构：助动词+主语+谓语Have you locked the door? Yes, I have.

37、Can you play the piano? Yes, I can.2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊局部提问的疑问句。结构：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句特殊疑问词： “非常 6+1 ，即 6 个 W 开头的疑问词 what/who/which/where/when/why 和 1 个 H(How) 开头的 疑问词。 how 与 what 的其他用法 How much money do you want?How many pictures did you buy?How fast does he drive?How often do you go abroad?How many times d

38、o you go swimming in summer?How soon will you come back?How long have you been here ？ 2 What number are you?What color is your coat?What time is it?What day is it today?3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的。选择疑问句不能用Yes和No答复，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试中出现选择疑问句的选择题，选项中的Yes和No都要排除.Do you like tea or coffee ？ I like

39、 coffee.Do you speak English or French? I speak EnglishWho runs faster, Tom or John? Tom.4. 反意疑问句：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。 结构：助动词 /情态动词 +主语， 前肯后否，前否后肯。小升初英语考试中，一般以填空或者选择的形式，让孩子把反义疑问句后半句补充完整，从而来考察孩子对反义 疑问句的掌握。He likes playing football, doesn t he?He can speak English, cant he?其他类型反意疑问句的用法 1 There be

40、 变成 be thereThere are 3 dogs, aren t there?Th here will be a meeting tomorrow, won t there?(2) 祈使句后的反意疑问句： 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用 will you 或 wont you, 否认祈使句的反意疑问句只 用 will you 。Pass me a book, will you?Have another cup of tea, won t you?Dont watch too much TV, will you? Let s go shopping, shall we?Let us go

41、now, will you?(3) 陈述局部用 no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, 等否认含义的词时， 疑问局部用肯 定含义。Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?He hardly says such words, does he?(4) 陈述句的主语是不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing 时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。Everything is right, isn t

42、 it?Nothing is in the box, is it?(5) 陈述句的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none 时，其后的反意疑问句主语用 they 。Everybody has got the new books, haven t they?Everyone knows his job, don t they?Anyone can do that, can t they?No one is interested in math, are they?不定代

43、词做主语的反义疑问句，指物的一般用 it 反问，指人的用 they 反问。(6) 陈述局部的谓语是 used to 时，疑问局部用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。She usted to climb the mountain, usedn t she?/didn t she?(7) 陈述局部有 had better + do, 疑问句局部用 hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?(8) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。She said that they were

44、happy, didn t she?You think that you are funny, don t you?但如果主句是 I think, I believe 等时，那么简短问句反映的是 that 从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。I think (that) he is serious, isn t he?I don t think (that) he is serious, is he?(9) 否认前缀不能视为否认词，其反意疑问句仍用否认形式。 This is important, isnt it? He is unhappy, isn t he?四、肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子

45、，如：I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.五、否认句：含有否认词或表示否认意义词的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isn t) a doctor.He does not (doesn t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren t) four fans

46、 in our classroom.He will not (won t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn t) watch TV yesterday evening.注意 小结：否认句主要是在肯定句的根底上加上了否认词“not。有动词be的句子那么not加在be后面，可缩写成“ isn t, aren t，但am not 般都分开写。没有动词be的句子那么要先在主要动词的前面加上 一个助动词do, does, did，然后在它后面加上“ n ot，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don t , doesn t , didn t这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来

47、选择，其中“does只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“ did 只用于一般过去时，不管主语是什么人称和数，都用“ did 。加强： 一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes，或“ no来答复。如： Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn t.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes,

48、 there are. / No, there aren t.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren t.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won t).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / N

49、o, I didn t.注意 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的根底上， 把动词 be 调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 没有动词 be 的句子那么要在句首加上一个助动词 do ， does ， did 再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形， 末尾 标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did只用于一般过去时，不管主语是什么人称和数，都用“ did 。一般疑问句有个重要的原那么就是问和答要一致，即 问句里的第一个单词助动词和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词 what , where , w

50、ho , which , when , whose , why , how 等开头引导的句子。此类 句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no来答复。如：What is this? It s a computer.What does he do? He s a doctor.Where are you going? I m going to Beijing.Who played football with yyou yesterday afternoon? Mike.Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get u

51、p? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? It s Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.How are you? I m fine. / I m happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，女口： how many多少(数量)，how much多少(钱),how tall多高，how long多长，how big多大

52、，how heavy多重例句： How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结： how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配 ，How many + 名词复数 + do you have?你有多少?How ma ny + 名词复数 + can you see?你能看见多少?How ma ny + 名词复数 + are there?有多少?六年级英语语法知识汇总一、词类：1、动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。1行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：2be动词a、 Am-was Is -was Are