定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1、定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的.例如：1 .Weheardthenewsthathehadtoldher.我们听到他对她说的消息.2 .Weheardthenewsthathehadwonthegame.我们听至1J消息他赢得了比赛.3 1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰thenews；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对thenews的进一步说明.二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等；而

2、同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分.例如：1. Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一种能飞的机器.2. Thefactthattheydidn'tfinishtheworkhastobefaced.必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作.例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句.三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替.例如：1. Thenewsth

3、atsheheardistrue.她听到的消息是真的.2. Thenewsthatshewillgoabroadistrue.她将出国这消息是真的.例1是定语从句,that可省略；例2是同位语从句,that不能省略.3. Thereasonwhyhewaschosenremainsunknown.他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚.4. Theideawhyhewaschosenattractedourattention.他为什么会被选上,这一想法弓I起我们的注意.例3中why引导的是定语从句,why可以被forwhich或that代替；例4中why引导的是同位语从句,why不能省去,也不能被其它

4、词代替.四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用"主+系+表结构来表示.例如：Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceistrue.他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的.上句假设用“主+系+表结构来表示,那么是：Thenewsisthathewonthefirstplace.消息是他赢得了冠军.意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句.五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词,可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数形式.例如：1. Thepossibilitiesthatshewasofferedseem

5、edverygreat.她得到的可能性似乎大些.2. Hermotherwasworriedaboutthepossibilitythatherdaughterdisliketogotoschool.她的母亲很担忧,她女儿有可能不喜欢上学.例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数形式；例2中的possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不用复数形式.六、由when,why,where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词,但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位.例如：1. IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirs

6、tcametoBeijing.我仍然记得初次来北京的那天.2. Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何时回来.3. ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住的房子.4. Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn'tdecided.我们至U什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决定.例1、3中的when和where引导的是定语从句,day和house分别表示时间和地点;例2、4中的when和where引导的是同位语从句.同位语从句练习题factsheworkshardiswellk

7、nowntousall.facthewassuccessfulproveshisability.newshewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatsuggestionthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.C./havenoideahewillstart.D./'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessagethemeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.thoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.ordertheprisonerbesetfreea

8、rrivedtoolate.nursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfearhewoulddieofthedisease.whichoftenaskedmethequestiontheworkwasworthdoing.名词性从句一、语法知识（1） ,主语从句1,由what等代词引导的从句,表示"所的东西实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句.也可以由-ever等代词引导.Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.Whatev

9、ershedidiswrong.Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.Whoeverusedtohaveanothernameraiseyourhand.2, 由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替.Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.3, 由连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的从句.Whenshew

10、illbebackisstillaquestion.Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisclear.WhetherornotshewillgotoJapanisuptoher.（2） ,宾语从句1, 由连接代词或副词引起的从句.Pleaseshowmehowtomakehimhappy.Idontknowwhodidallthecleaning.HaveyoudecidedwhomyouwilltaketoAustraliaShestillwonderedwhenshewouldleaves

11、chool.Iamwonderingwhether/ifthedressistooshort.HeadvisedmewhichbooksIshouldread.还可以做介词的宾语.Thesingerstillworriesaboutwheretolive.Thepricedependsonhowmanyyouwillbuy.2, 由关系代词型what等代词引起的从句.IwilltellyouwhatIknow.Wellgivewhateverhelpyouneed.Iplantoreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.Hisfatherwasnotsatisfiedwith

12、whathehad.ShewalkeduptowhereIstood.3,由that引起的从句,在believe,think,suppose后常不加that.在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,也只将前面的词否认.Idontthinkyoucanbeatme.Hedoesntexpectweneedworry.有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语.SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattend.Theyexplainedtousthattheydidntmeantomakeusangry

13、.有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中,that引起的从句常常移到后面,前面用一个it作为形式宾语.Ithoughtitveryimpossiblethatshewouldcome.Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.（3） ,表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句.（4） ,同位语从句,在idea,factrumor,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等等词后面,常常用that或连接代词或副词引导从句.Ihadnoideathattheywereinthatplane.Heleftmeamessagethathewouldbu

14、ymeatickettotherockconcert.Thenewsthatwewillhaveaone-monthvacationisnottrue.二、练习与检测1. weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.A.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD./2. Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen3. knowsthetruthaboutitwilltellyou.A.WhothatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Thatwho4. heisdoin

15、gseemsquitedifficult.C.WhichD.What5. certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.A.ThatsB.ThisisC.ItsD.Whats6. thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.ItwassaidD.Hewassaid7. thatshehasreceivedadoctorsdegree.A.ItsasplendidnewsB.ThisisasplendidnewsC.ItssplendidnewsD.T

16、hisissplendidnews8. Itisstrange.A. thatnooneshouldlikethisbookB. thatnoonelikedthisbookC. thatwhynoonelikesthisbookD. whynoonelikesthisbook9. Itissuggestedthattheexperimentunderlowtemperature.A.makesB.ismakeC.shouldbemadeD.willbemade10. stillneedstobediscussed.A. HowistheplantobecarriedoutB. Howthep

17、lanistobecarriedoutC. WhyistheplancarriedoutD. Whytheplancarriedout11. isunknowntousall.A.WheredidsheputitB.WheresheputitC.ThatwheresheputitD.Inwhichsheputit12. nothingtodowithus.A.WhathedidisB.WhathehasdoneisC.WhatdidhedohasD.Whathehasdonehas13. ThatsthePartycalledonustodo.A.whatB.thatC.howD.why14.

18、 Shelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough15. ThereasonIhavetogoisifIdont.A. thatshewillbedisappointedB. becauseshewillbedisappointedC. onaccountofherbeingdisappointedD. thatshewillbedisappointing16. Itwasheworkedhardthathesucceeded.A.becauseB.sinceC.asD.for17. Itseemedthatthegirl.A

19、.hadlostimportantsomethingB.hadlostsomethingimportantC.lostimportantthingsD.lostsomethingimportant18. Thefactheisanadvancedworkeriswellknown.C.thatD.whyspolicyiscorrect.19. ThefactinthepastfewyearsprovesthatourPartyA. thatgreatachievementwasmadeB. whichgreatachievementsweremadeC. whathavebeenmadeD.

20、thatgreatachievementshavebeenmade20. Ihavenoidea.A. whatdoestheword“infinitymeanB. whattheword“infinitymeansC. whatthemeaningoftheword“infinityD. whattheword“infinitymean21. Hissuggestiontoseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgoD.whenweshouldgo22. Illcert

21、ainlytelltheEmperorpleasedIamwithit.A.howB.whatC.whoD.whom23. Iwonderheaskedsuchasillyquestioninpublic.A.howB.whatC.thatD.why24. doyouthinkwillteachusmathsnexttermA.WhomB.WhoC.WhatD.That25. Iwillgivethisdictionarytowantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whomD.whatever26. Doyouthinkisrightdifficultiesyou

22、mayhave.A.what/howeverB.that/whatC.whatever/whoeverD.what/whatever27. AreyousureA.whethersheishonestB.thatsheishonestyC.sheishonestD.isshehonest28. Hewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.whichB.thatC.allwhatD.allthat29. Heoftenthinksofhecandomoreforthefourmodernizations.A.whatB.howC.thatD.which

23、30. Takemuchyouwantandyouwantto.A.however/whenB.whenever/howC.however/whoeverD.however/whenever三、练习与检测答案1 5CBCDC610BCACB1115BDADA1620ABCDB2125AADBB2630DCDBD二、用适当的连词填空：1. Ican'tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.2. That'sherefusedmyinvitation.3. Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsucha

24、shorttime.4. weneedismoretime.5. Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6. andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7. Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.8. Isthatyouarelookingfor9. Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis10. Idon'tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.定语从句练习改错1. Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.2. ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.3. ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo4. Thehouseinthatwelivei