2018年海淀高三二模英语试题及答案(原版修订版)

1、海淀区高三年级第二学期期末练习英语2018.05本试卷共11页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。1. Excuseme,sir.CanyousparemeadollarIcanbuythisbook?Sure,noproblem.A.forB.soC.butD.or2. Ineedhelpnow!Ihavetofixaleakingpipeinmy

2、bathroombutImnotsuretobegin.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when3. Personallyspeaking,thegrandblueprintintorealityisalongprocess.A.turningB.turnC.turnedD.havingturned4. IupmymindwhatIwasgoingtosayintheseminar,butitwascanceled.A.havemadeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.wouldmake5. Youdontneedaninvitationtohelpothers.Give

3、helpyouareasked.A. ifB. asC. thoughD. before6. Bynow516ConfuciusInstitutesin142countriesandregions,accordingtotheConfuciusInstituteHeadquarters.A.foundedB.wouldfoundC.havebeenfoundedD.hadbeenfounded7. Thestadiumstandsatheatrewillbereconstructed.A.besidewhichB.forwhichC.whenD.which8. 40gramsofmeatper

4、dayispeopleshouldconsumeinordertostayfit.A.thatB.whyC.howD.what9. DreamoftheRedChamberisbelievedtobesemi-autobiographical,thefortunesofCaosownfamily.A.mirroredB.tomirrorC.mirroringD.havingmirrored10. WhenIwassmall,mymomreadmestoriesatnight.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would11. Hemessedtheprojectup,butheb

5、ehavedasifnothing.A.hadhappenedB.happenedC.wouldhappenD.wouldhavehappened12. somepeoplecriticizegraffitiforbeinguglyanddestructive,thosegraffitiloversstillseeitasrealart.A.AsB.WhileC.OnceD.Until13. -HowwasyourvacationinSeattle?-Prettygood.IntheeveningsItopubstoenjoybeer.A.havegoneB.goC.hadgoneD.went

6、14. naturallybytheskinwhenexposedtosunlight,VitaminDisneededforhealthybones,teethandmuscles.A.MakingB.TomakeC.MadeD.Make15. Thisviewiscommonallsectionsofthecommunity.A.acrossB.aboveC.aroundD.along第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、BCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DoubleTroubleWhenIwaseight,I

7、wantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11-year-oldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Iwenttoherroom,16herforthecash.Laughing,sheagreedto17methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentcompoundinterestevery18untilyoupaymeback.”I asked.aCompoundinterest-whatsthat?Well, interest is what

8、 you call the19moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,“sheexplained.Compoundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthe20youtaketopaybacktheloan.Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.Ifyouwaittwomonthstopaymeback,your21willgrowfrom$10to$11.SoIllbechargingyouintereston$11.ThenI

9、willaddthatinteresttothe$11youalreadyoweme,fora22of$12.10.Thatswhatyoulloweaftertwomonths.”“Sure.Igetit,“Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting23.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andIboughtthetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.24,thatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoyIwanted25.Iputoffpayingmysist

10、erforamonth.Afteranothermonth,I26abouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.Iwasjustputtingitintomypocket27Kathleentappedmeontheshoulder.“Sorry,kiddo.Thatsmine.Im28onyourdebt.”Huh?ThenIrememberedtheloan.Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?I29borrowed$10.”“True,

11、“shesaid,“butinteresthasbeencompoundingforeightmonths.Nowyou30me$21.43.Shepaused,thenadded.Youcanpaymethe$1.43.”I31tobelievethata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy32,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Myhead33asItriedtokeeptrackofKathleens34,butthistime,Igottheb

12、asicideaofcompoundinterest.I35thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletroubleinnotime.16.A.blamingpreparingB.beggingC.searchingD.17.A.payB.giveC.lendD.hand18.A.monthB.yearC.weekD.day19.A.littleB.sameC.enoughD.extra20.A.lessshorterB.longerC.moreD.21.A.cashB.savingC.noteD.debt22.A.totalB.costC.numberD

13、.bill23.A.encouragedsatisfiedB.shockedC.confusedD.24.A.GraduallyHopefullyB.ObviouslyC.UnfortunatelyD.25.A.seriouslydesperatelyB.anxiouslyC.secretlyD.26.A.forgotB.knewC.talkedD.cared27.A.afterwhenB.untilC.whileD.28.A.carryingfocusingB.collectingC.relyingD.29.A.normallyB.nearlyC.onlyD.really30.A.oweB.

14、offerC.takeD.give31.A.decidedB.refusedC.pretendedD.managed32.A.reliefB.delightC.annoyanceDregret33.A.turnedB.noddedC.stuckD.hurt34.A.calculationsB.excusesC.directionsD.discoveries35.A.exploredB.learnedC.explainedD.questioned第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题

15、纸上将该项涂黑。AMyFirstDayofSchoolFearstartedtakingover.IwaswalkingintomyfirstschoolinAmerica.IhadtraveledalongdistancefromIndiainordertojoinmymother,whohadbeenhereforthreeyears,hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatIwouldbebetteroffgoingtoschoolhere,soIenrolled（登记）inthelocalhighschoolinmynewto

16、wn.IwasafraidhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondperiodclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.Withanxiety,Ireachedforthedoor,openingitslowly.Withoutpayingattentiontomyclassmates,Iwentstraighttotheteacherandaskedifthiswastherightclass.Withasoftvoiceheanswered,“Yes.”Hisvoicecomfortedmealittle.Hegavemeasheet

17、calledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndiabecausewedidnthaveanythinglikethat.ThenheaskedmetochoosewhereIwouldsit.Ididntactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixedseats,soIneverneededtoworryaboutthat.Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedbytheoverheadprojector.InIndianschools,w

18、edidntusethetechnologywehad.Wehadtotakenotesastheteacherspoke.Itwasnoon.IwasveryconfusedaboutwhenIwouldhavelunch.IwenttomynextclassandthebellrangasIentered.IwentthroughtheregularprocessofaskingtheteacherifIwasintherightclass.Shesaid,“Itsstillfourthperiod.”“Butthebelljustrang,”Isaid.Changingfromagent

19、letonetoaharsher（刺耳的）one,shesaid,“Thatisthelunchbell,youngman.”Iapologized.WithoutanotherwordIheadedforthecafeteria.IfeltluckybecausewedidnthavethisinIndia.EveryconfusionseemedlikeabarrierIhadtogetthroughtoreachmygoal.Attheendoftheday,IwasonmywaytothebuswhichwedidnthaveinIndiaeither.Ispottedmybusand

20、satdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,todaywasntsobad.36. TheauthorattendedanAmericanhighschoolbecause.A.hisfatherpreferredAmericanschoolsB.hisfamilywantedhimtohaveabrightfutureC.hismotherhadworkedinitfor3yearsD.hehadbeenlongingtoleavehishomeland37. Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorsfirstdayofschool?A. Hewentt

21、othewrongclassforthesecondperiod.B. Hemetsomeenthusiasticteachersandclassmates.C. HegottheCourseRequirementssheetfromhisclassmate.D. HeexperienceddifferencesfromtheIndianschoolsinmanyways.38. Howdidtheauthorfeelattheendoftheday?A. Worried.B. Puzzled.C. Relieved.D. Excited.Whydo you go to the library

22、? books because they tell stories. or be transported into someoneFor books, yes but you like You hope to get lost in a story else s life. At one type oflibrary, you can do just thateventhoughtheresnotasinglebook.AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcanborrowpeople.Individualsvolunteerashuman“booksandpa

23、rticipantsintheeventcanreadthebookmeaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividualsexperience.Booksarevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination（歧视）basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspe

24、ctsoftheirlife.Foracertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichareasfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabook.Manyofthestorieshavetodowithsomekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee（难民），asoldiersufferingfromPTSD,ahomelesspersonorawomanlivingwithHIV.TheHumanLibrarye

25、ncouragespeopletochallengetheirownlong-heldbeliefstotrulygettoknow,andlearnfromsomeonetheymightotherwisemakeaquickjudgmentabout.Accordingtoitswebsite,theHumanLibraryis“aplacewheredifficultquestionsareexpected,appreciatedandanswered.Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperi

26、encesofothersintheircommunity.TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayeventduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrga

27、nization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince.t places at all, you don t need alibraryThoughthereareafewpermanenthumanlibraries,mostarenbutevents.Thoughmanydotakeplaceatphysicallibraries,cardanyonecancomeandbepartoftheexperience.Therehavebeenhumanlibraryeventsallovertheglobe,inuniversitiesandinpubs,fromChic

28、agotoTunistoEdinburghtoSanAntonio.Thestoriesthese“bookstellrangefromfascinatingtoheartbreakingandeverythinginbetween.Andthatstheverypointoftheorganization-toprovethatnopersoncanbesummedupinjustoneword.Itseekstoshowpeoplethatyoutrulycantjudgeabookbyitscoverorbyitstitleorlabel.39. The“booksinhumanlibr

29、ariesare.A. long-heldbeliefsattractingindividualsB. inspiringstoriesmotivatingpeopleintroubleC. eventsinwhichpeoplecantalktovolunteersD. unfairly-treatedpeoplesharingtheirexperiences40. TheeventinCopenhagenissignificantbecauseit.A. aimedtohelptheyoungsufferingfromviolenceB. attemptedtoreplacetraditi

30、onalphysicallibrariesC. laidafoundationfortheHumanLibraryOrganizationD. ledtoapleasingdevelopmentforthecommunitywithracism41. Inhumanlibraries,thereadersarelikelyto.A. deepentheirunderstandingofpeopleB. enrichtheirownpersonalexperiencesC. hearthestoriesfromallovertheworldD. makequickjudgmentsaboutth

31、e“books”42. ThemainpurposeofthepassageistoB. inform and explainA.compareandevaluateC. discuss and persuadeD. analyze and suggestCNormanGarmezy,adevelopmentalpsychologistattheUniversityofMinnesota,metthousandsofchildreninhisfourdecadesofresearch.Anine-year-oldboyinparticularstuckwithhim.Hehasanalcoho

32、licmotherandanabsentfather.Buteachdayhewouldwalkintoschoolwithasmileonhisface.Hewantedtomakesurethat“noonewouldfeelpityforhimandnoonewouldknowhismothersincompetence.”TheboyexhibitedaqualityGarmezyidentifiedasaresilience.”Resiliencepresentsachallengeforpsychologists.Peoplewhoareluckyenoughtoneverexpe

33、rienceanysortofadversity（逆境）wontknowhowresilienttheyare.Itsonlywhentheyrefacedwithobstacles,stress,andotherenvironmentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,comesout.Somegiveinandsomeconquer.Garmezysworkopenedthedoortothestudyoftheelementsthatcouldenableanindividualssuccessdespitethechallengestheyfac

34、ed.Hisresearchindicatedthatsomeelementshadtodowithluck,butquitelargesetofelementswaspsychological,andhadtodowithhowthechildrenrespondedtotheenvironment.Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallanainternallocusofcontrol（内控点）.”Theybelievedthatthey,andnottheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.

35、Theresilientchildrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.GeorgeBonannohasbeenstudyingresilienceforyearsatColumbiaUniversitysTeachersCollege.Hefoundthatsomepeoplearefarbetterthanothersatdealingwithadversity.Thisdifferencemightcomefromperception（认知）whethertheythinkofaneventastraumatic（创伤），orasan

36、opportunitytolearnandgrow.aStressful”oratraumaticeventsthemselvesdonthavemuchpredictivepowerwhenitcomestolifeoutcomes.aExposuretopotentiallytraumaticeventsdoesnotpredictlaterfunctioning,Bonannosaid.Itsonlypredictiveiftheresanegativeresponse.Inotherwords,livingthroughadversitydoesntguaranteethatyoull

37、suffergoingforward.Thegoodnewsisthatpositiveperceptioncanbetaught.“Wecanmakeourselvesmoreorlesseasilyhurtbyhowwethinkaboutthings,”Bonannosaid.InresearchatColumbia,theneuroscientistKevinOchsnerhasshownthatteachingpeopletothinkofadversityindifferentwaystoreframeitinpositivetermswhentheinitialresponsei

38、snegative,orinalessemotionalwaywhentheinitialresponseisemotionally“hot”changeshowtheyexperienceandreacttotheadversity.43. Accordingtothepassage,resilienceisanindividualsability.A.tothinkcriticallyB.todecideonesownfateC.toliveabetterlifeD.torecoverformadversity44. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inPar

39、agraph3referto?A.Thepsychologists.B.Theresilientchildren.C.Positiveelements.D.Internallocusofcontrol.45. AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthat.A. yourpositiveperceptionmayturnadversityaround.B. stressfuleventsaremorepredictivethandelightfulevents.C. experiencingadversitypredictsthatyouwillgoonsufferi

40、ng.D. anegativeresponsedoesntguaranteeyouwillsufferallthetime.46. Whatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A. Toteachpeoplehowtoberesilient.B. Toencouragepeopletolivethroughadversity.C. Toindicatepeoplesperceptionvariesfromeachother.D.Tocomparedifferentresearchfindingsaboutresilience.DScienceisfi

41、nallybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparation.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssom

42、etimeschoosetogiveupanimmediatefoodrewardforaslightlylater（andbetter）one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefriendsdie.Pigsrespondmeaningfullytohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodt

43、otheanimals.ThepigssoonignoredtheXcarriersinfavoroftheOs.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigswalkedonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anot-inconsiderablefeatofreasoning.Ivebeenguiltyofprejudicedexpect

44、ations,myself.Atthestartofmycareeralmostfourdecadesago,Iwasfirmlyconvincedthatmonkeysandapesout-thinkandout-feelotheranimals.Theyreotherprimates（灵长目动物）,afterall,animalsfromourownmammalian（哺乳动物的）class.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,whalestooaremastersofculturallearning,an

45、delephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaviewpointshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulproceduresinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemepar

46、ks.Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chickens,pigs,goats,andcows,Istartedtowonder:Willthenewscienceoffoodanimalsbringanethical（伦理的）revolutionintermsofwhoweeat?Inotherwords,willourethicsstarttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofourscience?and feelingAnimalactivistsa

47、realreadythere,ofcourse,committedtonoteatingtheseanimals.Butwhatabouttherestofus?Canpayingattentiontothethinkingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangesinwhoweeat?48. Theresearchintopigsshowsthatpigs.A. learnlettersquicklyB. haveagoodeyesightC. canbuildupagoodrelationshipD. canapplyknowledgetonewsituations

48、49. Paragraph4ismainlyabout.A. thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumansB. thenecessityoflong-termstudiesonmammalsC. achangeofattitudetothetreatmentofanimalsD. adiscoveryofhowanimalslearntoexpressthemselves50. Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A. TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimalsB. ThelifestyleofFoodanimal

49、sC. ScienceReportsonFoodAnimalsD. ARevolutioninFoodanimals第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SleepandTeensBiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9-plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepa

50、tnight.51Manyfactorscombinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.Wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biological,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior,allthepsychological,parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofateenslife.52Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlate

51、rduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.CircadianRhythms(dailybiologicalclock)seemstoslowdownasyoungpeopleprogressthroughthemiddleschoolyears.Atthesametime,thesleeppressuresystemappearstochangeinawaythatmakesiteasiertostayawakelonger,thoughwithoutchangingtheamountofsleepthatisneeded.Moreover,manyteenshaveaate

52、chnologicalplaygroundintheirbedrooms:television,computerwith24/7Internetaccess,telephones,electronicgamestations,MP3players,andsoforth.Thesetechnologiesprovideinstantandconstantcontactwithpeers.Societalandmediapressuretoconsumethesetechnologiesisnowhigherthanever.Yetsocietyalsorequiresthatteensgotos

53、choolatatimeofdaythatisatoddswiththeirbiologicalandsociallives.Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,late-nightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.53Problemsemergeforlackofsleep.54Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.Andothersmaysimplyfe

54、elmoody,neverknowinghowtofeelordotheirbest.Worsestill,manyteenssufferfrombothphysicalandmentalillness.55Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.A.Sleepexpertsrecommendteenskeepconsistentsleepandwakeschedules.B. Teensmayschedulesleeplikeanyotherda

55、ilyactivityandmakesleepapriority.C. Thentheyaretrappedintoaterriblesituationwheretheywouldnevergetenoughsleep.D. Thesleep-wakebio-regulatoryfactorsappeartochangesignificantlyduringadolescence.E. Someteenagersstruggletowakeupinthemorning,oftenresultinginlateormissedschool.F. Teensmaybedriventothingsthatcanwakethemupbecausetheyllfallasleepiftheydonot.G. However,itisindicatedthatmostteensfallshortofthisgoal,manybyaconsiderableamount.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你班英语课上以“IHaveaDream”为题进行“说”的练习，请写一份讲稿，内容包括：1. 你的梦想是什么；2. 你为何有此梦想；3. 你如何实现梦想。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾