五大基本句型课件

1、2021/3/91句子成分 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 表语表语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语2021/3/921. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语2021/3/93主语主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should

2、 respect the old. What he has said is true.2021/3/94谓语 简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak English well. 2021/3/95表语表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,l

3、ook,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.2021/3/96 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need.2021/3/97宾语宾语

4、 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语直接宾语指物指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人. He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语2021/3/98.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.2021/3/99宾语补足语宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. Do you smell

5、 something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.2021/3/910主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.Thete

6、acher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.2021/3/911定语定语 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bett

7、ys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)2021/3/912The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tr

8、ee is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.2021/3/913状语状语 用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或介词短语或句子句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方方式式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late becaus

9、e he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.2021/3/914 I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to sc

10、hool.2021/3/9151.They work hard. 主主 + 谓谓2.The flower is dead. 主主 + 系系 + 表表3.Plants need water. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾4.He gives me some seeds. 主主 + 谓谓 + 直宾直宾 + 间间宾宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主主 + 谓谓2021/3/916英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一

11、： + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四：基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）2021/3/917翻译练习翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。You should study hard.She went home very late yesterday ev

12、ening.That morning we talked a great deal.The meeting will last two hours.2021/3/918本结构是由主语加本结构是由主语加不及物不及物的谓语动词构成的谓语动词构成, 常用来常用来表示主语的动作表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises.主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语，如，定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语谓语可有修饰语-状语，状语，如，如，The red sun rises in the east 这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分这类句型中，谓语动词后可以不带任成分,但在大但

13、在大多数情况下多数情况下,跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如：跟着状语性质的修饰语。例如：He worked hard /in a factory /to support his family.2021/3/9191.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night.2.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times.3.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully.4.你们必须在两周内看完

14、这些书。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing)You must finish reading these books in two weeks.2021/3/920二、主谓宾结构（二、主谓宾结构（S十十V+O）在此句式中在此句式中V代表代表及物动词或及物动词词组及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且才能且必须必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词名词或相当于名词的成分。或相当于名词的成分。 例如：例如： eg: I saw a film . 译：我看了一部电影。译：我看了一部电影。 eg: T

15、hey took good care of the children 译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。 2021/3/9211、这台机器出了毛病。、这台机器出了毛病。2、 天气变得相当暖和。天气变得相当暖和。3、 这些玫瑰闻起来很香。这些玫瑰闻起来很香。4、 他的脸红了。他的脸红了。The motor is out of order/ goes wrong.The weather is getting quite warm. The roses smell sweet. His face turned red.2021/3/922 三、三、S十十V十十P主系表结构主

16、系表结构 说明：说明：本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成，主要用以说明组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 P一般是一般是形容词或形容词或名词或名词性质的短语名词或名词性质的短语，V是是系动词系动词,常见的系动词有：常见的系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, appear, feel, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue.（3）表示状态变化的）表示状态变化的 become,

17、 get, turn, go, fall, come, grow.2021/3/923四、四、S十十V十十O十十C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 此结构由此结构由主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还还需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能需要加上一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意思。表达一个完整的意思。可以用做宾补的有，可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如：。如： 1.The sun keeps us warm.2.I

18、heard him singing.3.You must get your hair cut.2021/3/924特别提醒特别提醒: A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I often hear this song sung in the street.2021/3/925B. 在在let(让让)，make(使得使得)，have（

19、请，让，使得），（请，让，使得），see(看看)，hear(听到听到)，watch(观看观看)，feel(感觉到感觉到)，listen to (倾听倾听)，notice(注意到注意到)等动词后的宾语补等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，足语如果为不定式， 则省掉则省掉”to”,但变为被动语但变为被动语态时，态时， 则要带则要带”to”. e.g：1.The teacher asked me to answer the question. 2.We hear her sing next door. 3.She is heard to sing next door.2021/3/926五、五、S十十

20、V十十Oi十十Od 主谓双宾主谓双宾说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），后说间接宾语（人），则则要借助于介词要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作侧重指动作对对谁而做，表示谁而做，表示

21、朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作侧重指动作为为谁而做，谁而做，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。2021/3/927双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面，主要有三类动词：双宾语只能跟在某些动词后面，主要有三类动词：（一）（一） give, tell, teach, bring, lend, show, hand, offer, pay等。等。Examples: 1. Please hand him a book. 2. Please hand a book to him.2021/3/9281.1.她给了我一些漂亮的照片。她给了我一些漂亮的照片。2.2.布莱克先

22、生教我英语。布莱克先生教我英语。3.3.我付给了修理工我付给了修理工5050元。元。She gave me some beautiful pictures.Mr. Black teaches us English.I paid the repairman fifty yuan.2021/3/929（二）（二）buy, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等。等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词for引导的短语引导的短语来表示。来表示。 你给孩子们取点水来好吗？你给孩子们取点水来好吗？ 你愿意帮我一下忙吗？你愿意帮我一下

23、忙吗？ 请给我们唱首歌好吗？请给我们唱首歌好吗？Would you fetch some water for the children?Would you do me a favour (do a favor for me)?Will you sing us a song?2021/3/930（三）（三）ask, answer, take, cost等，这一类词后的两个宾语等，这一类词后的两个宾语 都是直接宾语，无法改变其结构形式。都是直接宾语，无法改变其结构形式。 我可以问你一个问题吗？我可以问你一个问题吗？ 请先回答我一个问题。请先回答我一个问题。 3. 买这辆新自行车花了他买这辆新自行车花了他300元。元。May I ask you a question?Please answer me a question.The new bik