大学英语六级改错讲义张子宏

1、大学英语六级改错讲义（张子宏）第一节 介词考点1：中心词 + 介词of例1：More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farm and in villages. (90/1, No.71)例2：The familys recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or village to transact some business as well as to chat with nei

2、ghbors who had also come to town. (90/6, No.78) 考点2：中心词 + 介词to 例1：People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in the way of life. (90/1, No.76)例2: Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. (95/1, No.71)考点3：中心词+ 介词on例1：, but such reasons

3、are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. (93/6, No.75)考点4：中心词+ 介词with例1：In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. (95/6, No.72)考点5：中心词 + 介词for例1：Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. (95/6, No.76) j固定搭配: on the contrary,

4、on one handon the other hand, on purpose, on business, on the whole, on the spot k表位置，指与某物面碰面的接触：on the wall, on the earth考点6：介词 on l表时间，置于某日前: on May 4th, on Sunday, on the morning of m表时间，指“在之后，立即”: on our arrival non和to合成的介词onto: 表示运动的方向和场所，意为“到上，在上”。get onto the bus, slip onto the floor例1：, on t

5、he contrast, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the students four years of structural living in which to expect and prepare for the real world. (96/6, No.79)例2: Men have explored parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another and possibly within the decade will land into

6、another planet and explore it. (00/1, No.73)考点7：其它常用介词的基本含义j介词 in: 表示“在（某空间）里面”，构成“in+空间、范围” k介词for: 表示“为某一目的而准备”；或者，for用于表示持续的时间; 表原因 l介词from: 表示“特定地点或时间的起点”；或者，指特定的“来源或起因” m介词by: 表示“按照，根据, 由, 依据,”；或者，为“借助于，通过”例1：On some fields, this had clearly not happened. (96/1, No.78)例2：about an American who h

7、ad been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. (00/6, No.75)例3：If he was absent because of sickness, there was often no job from him when he returned. (94/1, No.77)例4：We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occu

8、pied the space around them. (00/6, No.71)例5：, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. (95/1, No.80)例6：Then, about ten years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. (02/1, S8)第二节 动词考点8：使役动词 感官动词 + sb. do sth. +sb.

9、do /doing sth.例1：They believe that it was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible, make them to work as hard as they could and, (94/1, No.80)例2：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of its machinery will make your ears ringing. (95/6, No.75)考点9：主语 +

10、及物动词 + 宾语 主语 + 不及物动词例1：The farmer aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own muscles as his chief source of power. (90/6, No.75)例2：is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. (93/6, No.80)例3：You may have noticed about how people who live or wor

11、k closely together come to behave in a similar way. (95/1, No.72)例4：But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusion. (00/1, No.80)例5：His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. (00/6, No.80)考点10：分词作定语的用法

12、：j-ing分词 + 中心词k-ed分词 + 中心词例1：So a sportsmans individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan. (95/1, No.74)例2：Even the quiet of our carefully protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet. (95/6, No.79)考点11：动词的-ing与-ed形式在谓语中的用法区别j主语 + be + -ing

13、k主语 + be + -ed例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to put up with in the name of better health is (93/6, No.78)例2: one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources they are poured into the space exploration efforts. (00/1, No.79)考点12：其它需注意的动词用法 j常见动词词组为固定短语，不可随

14、意变更，如keep in mind，grow up，call off等。k thus, thereby等副词后常跟动词-ing形式。lconsidering，regarding，concerning可作介词，其后接名词或动名词作介词宾语m连词and连接的并列动词为平行结构，或同为不定式，或同为分词形式。例1：This tendency of technology to make workers superfluous but at the same time allowing their number to grow up so large is creating psychological

15、tensions. (98/1, No.78)例2：But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. (00/1, No.76)例3：The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permit individualized

16、attention to students. (96/6, No.74)例4：Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money (00/1, No.79)例5：the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which to expect

17、 and preparing for the real world. (96/6, No.80)第三节 数词、名词和代词考点13： j置于表时间的名词前：fifteen minutes，fifty hoursk置于表距离的名词前：forty miles，four kilometres l置于表价格的名词前：thirty dollars基数词 m置于表重量的名词前：three kilograms n置于表温度的名词前：89ºF o表示考试得分：get eighty-eight on the test p表示尺码，置于表尺码的名词后：wear size thirty-eight q表示物

18、件数目或数量，置于名词前：two caps，four novels j表示某月中的第几号：on July the 4th，on the 10th of September k表示在几世纪：in the 4th century B.C.，in the eighteenth century序数词 l表示运动会或其它大型活动的第几届：the 25th Olympic Games m表示考试的排名：come in 11th in the test n表示顺序或位置，置于名词前：in the 15th row，the 2nd longest river例1：In the nineteen century

19、, farm work and life were not much changed from what they had been in the old days. (90/6, No.73)例：During the early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh deaths in Europes crowded cities was caused by the disease. (00/1, No.75)考点14：名词(noun) j可数名词(countable noun)单数形式前用a/an

20、；复数形式后加-s或-es。如：a job，two cakes，three potatoes。k不可数名词(uncountable noun)前不可用a/an，但可用the或不用；没有复数形式。下列名词常用作不可数名词：accommodation(食宿), accuracy, advice, baggage, behaviour, bread, cash, clothing, equipment, fun, furniture, harm, information, knowledge, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery,

21、 money, news, paper, permission, produce(农产品), progress, scenery, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work, uncertainty等。例1：The government also affects the kind of works people do. (90/1, No.79)例2：It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (95/6, No.71)例3：Can we b

22、e so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future? (00/1, No.75)例4：They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters. (02/1, S5)例：The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. (02/1, S10)考点15：代词照应j人称照应

23、：是指人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与其指代对象之间的照应。k指示照应：是由指示代词和指示限定词实现的照应关系。例1：The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. (90/1, No.75)例2：And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing pe

24、ople: they are drawn to them. (95/1, No.78)例：A man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. (93/6, No.72)例4：The workingman had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that their children

25、would have anything better. (94/1, No.73)例：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears ring. (95/6, No.74)例： break in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow its raises and promotions as it would for men. (96/1, No.75)例7：But

26、if 98 percent of us dont need to work, what are we going to do with oneself? (98/1, No.80)例：Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. (95/1, No.73)考点16：复合不定代词的用法用于陈述句 用于疑问句、否定句例1：The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. (90/6, No.71)例2：The workingman had little sc

27、hooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that his children would have nothing better. (94/1, No.73)考点17：先行代词itj作形式主语：it +“be”+ 名词/形容词 + (of/for + 名词/代词+) +不定式k作形式宾语：主语 + 动词 + it + 名词/形容词 + 不定式例1：They believed that was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible. (

28、94/1, No.79)例2：While technology makes this possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. (98/1, No.75)第四节 冠词考点18：j by + k by + the + 表方式 表触及例：Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. (90/1, No.74)考点19：bed，church，colle

29、ge，university，school，court，hospital，prison，sea等表处所的名词及名词work用来指有关活动时，一般不用冠词。例1：Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. (95/6, No.77)考点20：the +先行词 + 同位语从句 (that-clause)例：Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to be more recently employed and have fewer years on the j

30、ob. (96/1, No.71)考点21：冠词的习惯用法 j习惯用定冠词的短语by the way for the time being in the case of (至于)in the long run in the habit of in the possession ofk习惯用不定冠词的短语all of a sudden as a rule as a matter of factat a loss (不知所措) on a large scale in a hurryhave a good time keep an eye on lend a handl 习惯用零冠词的短语at pr

31、esent at hand (近在手边) at stakeat table (在进餐) at war by way of (经由)in honor of in trouble in orderin place (适当的) in advance in fashion (时兴、流行)in fact in case (of) (如果) in possession of (拥有)例1：This tendency of technology to make words superfluous (过剩) but at same time allowing their number to grow so l

32、arge is creating psychological tensions. (98/1, No.77)考点22：零冠词j表示洲的名词前：如Asia，Europe，America，Africa，Oceaniak表示国家、省市的名词前（但由短语组成的国家，或以-s结尾的国家前需要用定冠词the）：如China，Russia，France，Beijing，Londonl表示街道、建筑名词前（但有of介词短语修饰时，需用定冠词the，如the tower of London，the Great Wall of China）：如Broadway，Red Squarem表示大学名称的名词前（但有of

33、介词短语修饰时需用定冠词the，如the University of North Carolina）：如Yale University，Oxford University例1：With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. (01/6, No.75)考点23：零冠词用法还需熟记以下公式口诀三句 泛指a/an特指the， man指人类零冠词， cold，fe

34、ver前a，violin，guitar乐器the。例1：Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. (02/1, S1)第五节 形容词和副词 考点24：形容词的基本用法j系动词/感官动词+ 形容词 k形容词 + 名词例1：There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting electrical shock. (93/6, No.74)例2：In every case, the influential

35、 person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. (95/1, No. 77)例3：Because of its large student body consisting of many people from different countries the university exposes its students to many different culture, social and out-of-class programmes. (96/6,

36、 No. 76)例4：Even the infection rate was falling, population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 million a years. (2001/6, No. 80)考点25：副词的基本用法 j 常用副词(多以ly结尾) + 被修饰词 k 改错中常用以混同于副词的形容词： l 改错中形容词, 副词同形的常用词： 例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put

37、up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. (93/6, No.79)例2： Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed yet. (95/6, No.78)例3： Many women, for example, have committed their liv

38、es to teaching careers, yet relative few have become principals or headmasters. (96/1, No.80)考点26：形容词，副词的各种比较级形式j同级比较：as + 形容词/副词原形 + ask非同级比较： l比例式比较：the +形容词/副词的比较级形式 the +形容词/副词的比较级形式A+数词 + times/twice + as + 形容词原级 + as +Bm倍数比较： A+数词 + times/twice + more (或其它形容词比较级) than + Bn不可分级比较的词：例1：When we c

39、onsider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the workingman in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even hard. (94/1, No.71)第六节 同义词和反义词考点27：构成反义词的常见词缀例1. Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs m

40、ay be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems. (96/6, No.77）例2. In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortable in its presence. (95/1, No.76)例3. The need for more food discourages development of better techn

41、ology which naturally keeps more people alive. (98/1, No.73)例4. While technology makes it possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. In theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of

42、 the population. (98/1, No.76)例5. Now he has the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. (2000/1, No.72)例6. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person by the way the occupied

43、the space around them-for example, When such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. (2000/6, No.72)例7. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunters triumph of

44、killing his prey. (2002/1, No.S2)考点28：常见同义词例1：Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses, and trucks. (95/6, No. 73)第七节 一致考点29：主谓一致原则： j谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。k分词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。l当and连接两个主语表示一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则要用复数动词。mThere be 句型中，注意主语与be 动词的一致。 n

45、主语是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。o如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, including等词组连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。p既然是主谓一致原则，主语和谓语都不能省略。例1： One in every seven deaths in Europes crowded cities were caused by the disease. (01/6, No.73) 例2：There are no going back to a simple, less technologically

46、 complex time. (98/1, No.74)例3: Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new usethat of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. (02/1, S9) 考点30：连词在一致性中的: j由连词and, as well as，not onlybut also等连接的句子结构应保持一致。k由连词and, as well as 等连接的词应保持词性一致。l连词本身搭配一致性原则。m

47、连词与句意一致性原则。常用的并列连接词 常用的从属连接词例1：At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. (94/1, No.72) 例2：It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time. (95/6

48、, No. 80) 例3：The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments, as well numerous courses with such department. （96/6，No.71）例4: They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in these services. (90/1, No.78)考点31：定语从句中先行词和引导词一致

49、性原则j先行词为人 + 引导词 k先行词为物 + 引导词l先行词为地点 + 引导词 m先行词为原因 + 引导词例1：This other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known. (00/6, No.74) 例2：The children attended a small elementary school to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a few miles. (90/6, No.79) 第八节 时态、语态考点32：时态一致性基本原则 j主句谓语时态与时

50、间状语从句一致性原则 k谓语时态与句意一致性原则l从句与主句时态一致性原则m上下文时态一致性原则例1：Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only indirectly. (00/1, No.71) 例2：The American hasnt been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. (00/ 6, No.76) 例3：Picking it up, he