英语时态8种基本时态讲解

1、英语时态8种基本时态讲解 一概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二种类：（基本时态）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时三用法：1一般现在时：1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语.（包括be动词）宾语 She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般现在时通常与always , oft

2、en , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country .4）第

3、三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do-does go-goes finish-finishes brush-brushes fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watches c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study-studies carry-carries cry-cries d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s. play-plays stay-stays 例句：我们

4、每天晚上九点做作业。我在早上七点半起床。他每天七点去上班。我们经常下午打篮球。他喜欢音乐。地球围绕太阳转。火车六点出发。5）否定句和疑问句。a)-He is an engineer. -He isnt an engineer. -Is he an engineer? -Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt. b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -We dont get up at 7:30 in the morning . -Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ? -Yes, we do. / No,

5、we dont. c)-He likes music. -He doesnt like music. -Does he like music? -Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt .2一般过去时1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型结构：

6、主语.过去时宾语例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑问句。a)-He was busy yesterday. -He wasnt busy. -Was he busy? -Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year. -He didnt smoke last year. -Did he smoke last year? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.c)-He joined the army in 1990. -He didnt joined the army i

7、n 1990. -Did he join the army in 1990? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.4）动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed. work-worked call-called laugh-laughed Explain-explained finish-finished knock-knocked b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d . live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-died graduate-graduated drive-drove c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变

8、y为i加-ed. study-studied carry-carried cry-cried try-tried marry-married d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-ed. play-played stay-stayed e)以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed. stop-stopped plan-planned pat-patted f)动词不规则变化： do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrote begin-began drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sle

9、ep-slept make-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate know-knew cut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。 去年我买了一辆自行车。 每天晚上我听音乐。 她通常待在家里。 两天前我完成了这项工作。复习：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not e

10、at) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.7) He (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (划线部分提问)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (划线部分提问)10) They joined the Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)11) I went to Beijing last year. (划线部分提问)3一般将来时1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the

11、 day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。2)句型结构：主语will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. -She will be 20 years old. -Will she be 20 years old? -Yes, she will./ No, she wont .3)主语will/shallV.原形 be(am, is, are)going to They will

12、have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) -What will they do next Sunday ? -When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形 I am about to leave school.不能与表示时间的副词连用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.(×) 复习题： 1.He (do) his homework at school every day. 2.They (fin

13、ish) their work yesterday. 3.We (visit) their farm next year. 4.我半小时后要吃午饭。 5.他将骑自行车去学校。 6.他们下周日将去买汽车。4过去将来时 1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。 2）基本结构：主语+would/should was/were going to +V.原形+ He said that he would have a meeting next week. (He says that he will nave a meeting next week.) Th

14、ey said we should leave school tomorrow. (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5现在进行时1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present 等时间状语连用。2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing + You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. We are studying English a

15、t present . Its raining hard now.3）动词现在分词的构成    一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo doing read - readingwork working think thinkingstudy studying go goingwatch watching jump - jumping    以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 inglike liking take takingleave leaving live livingreceive receiving dance d

16、ancingcome coming smoke smoking write - writing    以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop stopping begin beginningdig digging swim swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining sleep - sleeping)4)6 过去进行时1）  表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作，

17、 通常与 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。2）  基本结构 主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +1.      It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2.      They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3.   

18、   We were reading when the teacher came in.We werent readingWere you readingWhat were you doing when the teacher came in.3)       例句 1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。 2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4.      I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5. 

19、60;    He _ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6.      He _ (do) his homework now.7.现在完成时1）   1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响2表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时间状语连用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2)

20、       基本结构 主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)1.      Ive finished this work.2.      He has ever been to Australia.3.      I have not heard from her recently.4.      I have alrea

21、dy read this book. Have you read? Yes, I have. No, I havent. What have you read?3)       过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如下 do did done go went goneeat ate eaten come came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank

22、 drunk give gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought bought tell told told make made madecut cut cut hurt hurt hurtread read read let let let4）  注意1.       含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与 for, since 引导的一般时间状语连用。

23、（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）A)    I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B)     He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) 

24、   He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D)    He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2.       现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （时间状语的区别）I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3.&

25、#160;      例句：他已经阅读了这本书。我们到目前为止已学习了两千个单词。他们居住在中国三年了。他看这部电影两次了。Bob 自从 1997 年在这所学校教学。8.过去完成时1）   表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态， 强调“过去的过去”， 常与 by the time, by the end of,before , by 等引导时间的状语连用。2）   基本结构 主语+ had + 动词过去分词 + When I got to the cinema yesterday the f

26、ilm had begun already.昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。He had learned English before he came here.他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.当我离开这个学校为止 他已教这个班级三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到这学期末我已学会了2000 个英语单词。时态部分总复习题 I. Fill in the blanks.1.

27、0;     We usually _ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2.      She _ (watch) TV when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday.3.      My mother _ (come) here tomorrow.4.      Look ! Some one _ (

28、dance) there.5.      Wei Huas brother _ (join) the army in 1995.6.      He _ (write) a letter this afternoon.7.      Rice _ (grow) in the south of China.8.      She said _ (go) to Japan next year.9.&#

29、160;     We _ (study) 2,000 words since we came to the school.10.  By the end of last term he _ (teach) that class for 2 years.高一英语时态练习题(   ) 1.  - Where is the morning paper?- I _ for you at once. A. get     B. am getting   C. to

30、 get         D. will get(   ) 2.  _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be    B. Will there be    C. There can be   D. There are(   ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have   

31、  B. will have    C. had     D. would have(   ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain        B. won't rain     C. doesn't rain     D. doe

32、sn't fine(   ) 5. Tomorrow he _a kite in the open air first, and then _boating in the parkA. will fly; will go     B. will fly; goes    C. is going to fly; will goes      D. flies; will go(   ) 6. There _ a birthday

33、party this Sunday.A. shall be      B. will be   C. shall going to be    D. will going to be(   ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having     B. are going to have    C. will having 

34、0;  D. is going to have(   ) 8. Sorry, I can't open the door, for I     the key to it. A. lost            B. lose              C. had lost &#

35、160;          D. have lost(   ) 9. - It's good to see you again, Agnes.- This has been our first chance to visit since       from Iran.A. you return         B. you returne

36、d    C. you have returned      D. returning(   ) 10. - Did you expect Frank to come to the party?- No, but I had hoped       .A. him coming        B. him to come   C. that he

37、comes        D. that he would come(    ) 11. - Bob must be very wealthy.- Yes, he _more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned     B. had earned    C. earns       &

38、#160;      D. has earned(    )12. - Come on in, Peter, I want show you something. - Oh, how nice of you! I       you _to bring me a gift.A. didn't think, were going         

39、60;         B. hadn't thought, were goingC. never think, are going                D. never thought, were going(    ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a r

40、adio shop at the time.A. has worked      B. was working   C. had been working D. had worked(   ) 14. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling         B. traveled   C. h

41、ad been traveling    D. was to travel(    ) 15. " What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. "" Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. "A. just thought       B. have just been thinking 

42、 C. was just thinking  D. have just thought(   ) 16. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already _to hospital.A has; been sent   B had; sent   C has; sent  D had; been sent(    )17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait

43、 until her husband _home.A has left; comes  B had left; would come  C had left; came  D left; had come(   )18. Zhao Lan _already  _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying        B. will ; study   C. has ; studied 

44、         D. are ; studying(    )19. We _ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl.A. know      B.  had  known      C. have  known  &#

45、160;   D.  knew(    ) 20. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.A. will  see     B.  have  seen        C.  saw            D. see(

46、60;   )21.-These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States.-Really ? When _  there ?A. will they go        B.  did they  go  C.  do they  go        D.&

47、#160; have they  gone(    ) 22. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any  more .A. hasn't lived      B. didn't live     C. hadn't lived       D. doesn't live(   

48、) 23. Your job _ open for your return .  -Thanks .A. will be kept       B. will keep       C. had kept         D. had been kept(   ) 24.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane wa

49、s very nervous . She _ before .A. hasn't flown    B. didn't fly    C. hadn't flown    D. wasn't flying(    ) 25.-Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Don't you forget it !-OK. I _ .A. won'

50、t    B. don't     C. will     D. do高一英语时态练习参考答案：1-5 DBBCA 6-10 BBABD 11-15 CDBAC 16-20 DCCCB 21-25 BDAAA1.I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. triesbuys B. tries buies

51、 C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _.A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there? No, I don't think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Dohe

52、ar B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays?A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has xdoes B. Hasxdoes C. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does gives B. d

53、oes give C. do give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does.A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesn't heNo D. doesn't heYes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ?A. goesdoesn't B. goesisn't C. doesn't godoes D. doesn't gois11.He usually

54、_ TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. We'll go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak14. Nobody _ how to run this machines.A . kn

55、ow B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing17. Look ! The boy students are _ football

56、 while the girls are _ .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting20. Mr Smith

57、 _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writingis writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writes21. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday.A. gogo B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going22. Look, they_ a good time, _ they ?A. havedo B. havedon't 

58、;C. are havingare D. are having aren't23. You _ about the future now, _ you ?A. don't thinkdon't B. aren't thinking aren'tC. don't think do D. aren't thinking are24. She always _ something whenever she _.A .studiedplayed B. studiedplaied C. studiedplaied D. studied p

59、layed 25. He often _ late in the forest. It _ me very much.,A. stayedworried B. staied worriedC. stayedworryed D. staied worried26. I _that the boy _ with no tears in his eyes.A. noticed cryed B. noticed criedC. noticedcried D. noticed cryed27. We _the floor and _ all the windows.A. mopped clea

60、nned B. moped cleanedC. moppedcleaned D. moped cleaned28. When I _ the Children's Palace, the children _ with joy.A. visited jumpped B. visited jumped C. visited jumped D. visited jumpped 29. _ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they _.A. Did they have did B. Did they have had C. H

61、ad they had D. Had they did 30. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _.A. Didwentwent B. Did go went C. Did went did D. Did go did31. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest? A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stopped32. You gave them a talk two

62、days ago, _you ? Yes, I _.A. did did B. did gave C. didn't did D. didn't gave 33. _ your brother _ a letter to ? My father.A. Who wrote B. Whatwrote C. Who didwrite D. What did write34. They _ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often _ such talksA. talkedhad B. talkhave C. were talkinghad D. are talkinghave35. He _ some cooking at