英语语法大全(时态)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语语法大全：一般将来时一般将来时将来做某事A、构成形式：(1)主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。(2)主语+will+动词原形+其他。B、判断依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的是原形，句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。C、句型变换：She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?Yes, she is. /

2、 No, she isnt.They are going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.They arent going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.Are they going to visit their grand parents next Sunday?Yes, they are. / No, they arent.三组将来时间表示法的用法比较一、 “will / shall+动词原形”与“be going to+动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图，有时可以换用。如：I think

3、itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。两者的区别是：1. 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。比较：Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and v

4、isit her. 啊，真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。 (临时想法，不能用be going to)Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. 我知道，我打算明天去看看她。(事先考虑的意图，不能用will)2. 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will。如：Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。3. 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will。如：When h

5、e comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。二、“be going to+动词原形”与“现在进行时”1. be going to主要表示主观想法或意图，而现在进行时表示将来则主要强调已经作出的安排。比较：Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我6点钟来接你，不要忘了。6

6、(已作出的安排)2. 但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用be going to，不能用现在进行时态。如：Its going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。3. 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时，两者均可用。如：Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to sc

7、hool. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。三、“be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形be to+”两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)。如：Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里?Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。另外，be going to 还可表示预测，即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作，此时不能用be to。如：Look, its going to rain. 看，要下雨了。一般过去时过去做某事A、

8、构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didnt否定和用did提问后，动词一定要用原形。B、判断依据：(1)be动词是was、were;(2)动词加ed;(3)有表示过去的时间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now，a moment，yesterday，last week，last night，last weekend，last year，last month，three days ago，two weeks ago，five years agoC、句型变换：I was a teacher five years ago.I wasnt

9、 a teacher five years ago.Were you a teacher five years ago?Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.They played many games yesterday.They didnt play many games yesterday.Did they play many games yesterday?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other da

10、y, in 1982等。例：Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了，该了It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了，早该了例：It is time for you to go

11、 to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事例：I'd rather you came tomorrow.4)wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。例：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。【比较】一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Chri

12、stine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着。)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去。)注意：用过去时表现在，表示委婉语气。1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例：Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could he

13、lp me.2)情态动词 could, would.例：Could you lend me your bike?一般现在时A、当谓语是be动词时，构成为：主语+be动词( am, is, are )+其他。如：I am a student.B、当谓语是行为动词时，构成有两种：(1)主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他。如：We often watch TV at the weekends.(2)主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如：Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.C、句型变换：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答They watch

14、 TV at six every day.They dont watch TV at six every day.Do they watch TV at six every day?Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TV at six every day.She doesnt watch TV at six every day.Does she watch TV at six every day?Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： e

15、very, sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I

16、 don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.【比较】1. Now I put the sugar in the cup. 2. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用现在进行时。现在进行时表示正在做某事A、构成形

17、式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。B、判断依据：句中往往有now、look、listen等词。注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词。现在进行时表示将来意义现在进行时主要表示现在或目前正在进行的动作：We're having a meeting. 我们在开会。My head is aching. 我头很疼。Where is she teaching? 她在哪儿教书?She's spending the summer at the seaside. 她在海边度暑假。另外，现在进行时还可表示将来，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。如：I'm leaving tom

18、orrow. 我明天走。They're getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚将和比尔见面吗?能这样用的动词不多，常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。顺便说一句，我们除可用现在进行时表将来外，还可用一般现在时表将来，两者的区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图;而一般现在时表示将来，则其

19、客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况。比较：I'm not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?如果主语是train, concert, programme等表示事物的名词，动词通常一般现在时表将来，而不用进行时。如：What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?The program begins at 4. 这个节目四点开始。过去完成时：表示发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过

20、去”。基本形式：过去完成时由had+过去分词构成，因此无人称变化肯定式：I had/I'd worked等否定式：I had not/hadn't worked等疑问式：had I worked等否定疑问式：had I not/hadn't I worked等时态用法：1. 过去完成时是与现在完成时相当的过去式：现在完成时：Ann has just left.If you hurry youll catch her.(安刚刚走。如果你快一点，就能追上她。)过去完成时：When I arrived Ann had just left.(我到的时候，安刚刚离开。)但是，过去

21、完成时不像现在完成时那样限于表达未指明时间的动作，因此可以说：He had left his case on the 440 train.(他把手提箱丢在4点40分的火车上了。)2.现在完成时可以和 since/for/always等词连用，表示一个开始于过去并仍在继续或刚刚结束的动：与此同理，过去完成时也可以用来表示在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始的动作。1)在该时刻仍然在继续。例如：Bill was in uniform when I met him.He had been a soldier for ten years.(我遇到比尔的时候，他身穿军服。那时他已经当了十年兵了。)2)在该时

22、刻停止或刚刚停止。例如：The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard for 300 years, suddenly crashed to the ground.(屹立在教堂墓地上已300百年之久的老橡树突然间哗啦一声巨响倒在地上。)但应注意，过去完成时还可以用来表示：3)在所说时刻之前某一时候停止的动作。例如：He had served in the army for ten years; then he retired and married.(他在军队里服役十年，后来退伍并结了婚。)3. 过去完成时也是一般过去时的过去时，用来表示

23、叙述者或主语在过去的某一时刻回顾更早的动作：例如：He met her in Paris in 1977.He had last seen her ten years before.Herhair had been grey then; now it was white.(1977年他在巴黎遇见了她。他上一次见到她是十年之前。那时她的头发是灰白的，这时已经全白了。)过去进行时(Past continous tense)：表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成)。主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。一、常用的时间状语：this morning、the wh

24、ole morning、all day yesterday、from nine to ten last evening、when、while等等。例如：1. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. (当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。 )2. What was he researching all day last Sunday? (上周日他一整天都在研究什么?)3. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.(我哥哥骑自行车的时候

25、从车上摔下来，受伤了。)4. It was raining when they left the station.(他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 )二、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情：时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例如：介词短语表示时间点What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? (昨天晚上九点她在做什么?)when从句表示时间点When I saw him he was decorating his room.(当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。)三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那

26、么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：两个动作都是延续的While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. (他边等车边看报。)两个动作同时进行He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.(他擦车时我在做饭。)四、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree、be、believe、belong、care、forge、hate、have(拥有)、hear、know、like、love、mean、mind、notice、own、remember、seem、suppose、under

27、stand、want、wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer.(我知道答案。)五、典型例题：Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。英语网为大家整理了小学英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更

28、多内容尽在英语网。将来进行时：主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。语法构成：将来进行时是由“shall/will + be + 现在分词”构成的。例如：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then.(8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。)基本用法：表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。例如：The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.(部长将就国际事务发表

29、演讲。)特殊用法：1. 将来进行时表事情的发展：例如：I'll be seeing Mr. Smith tomorrow.(我明天将见到史密斯先生。)注意：有时这种时态含有一种附带的意思，语气较为委婉。例如：I'll be finishing it.(我一会儿就完了。)附带的含义可能是“过一会儿你就会拿到它了。”2. 将来进行时表原因、结果、可能：表原因Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having meeting.(请你明天下午来吧。明天上午我有一个会。)表结果If I fail to a

30、ppear by 7 o'clock, I will not be coming at all.(如果我七点钟不到，我就不会来了。)表可能He will be telling you about it tonight.(他今晚会告诉你这件事。)3. 将来进行时表委婉：例如：Will you be needing anything else?(你还需要什么吗?)4. 将来进行时与将来一般时连用：将来进行时常可置于将来一般时之后表稍靠后的安排。例如：My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Arizona in the US

31、.(我的工作七月结束，之后我将回到美国亚利桑那州。)注意点：1)这种将来进行时也可和其他表将来的时态连用。例如：I'm going to do my homework first, and then I'll be watching TV.(我将先做作业，然后再看电视。)2)在下面的句子中，will是情态动词，意谓“大概”或“一定”，不表将要而表现在，常与now连用。例如：Theyll be watching television now.(他们现在大概在看电视呢。)将来完成时形式will/shall+完成式用于第一人称，will+完成式用于其他人称。用法它常与表示时间的短语连

32、用，而后者常以by开头：by then到那时by that time到那时by the 24th到24号那天By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years.到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。这一时态用来表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或在该时刻刚刚结束的动作。假设现在是12月3日，大卫对他将参加的12月13日的考试很担心。某个筹划举办聚会的人可能说：Wed better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so hell be a

33、ble to enjoy himself.我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了，这样他就能够玩得痛快。同时请注意以下句子：I save 50 a month and I started in January. So by the end of the year I will/shall have saved 600.我每月储蓄50英镑，是从1月份开始的。这样的话，到年底我就有600英镑的存款了。Bill (looking at Toms cellar): Youve got over 400 bottles. How long will that last you? Two ye

34、ars?比尔(瞧着汤姆的地下室)：你有四百多瓶酒。够你喝多久?两年?Tom: Not a hope. I drink eight bottles a week. Ill have drunk all these by the end of this year.汤姆：不可能。我每星期喝八瓶。到今年年底我就会把所有这些酒都喝完了。一般过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。构成：一般过去将来时是由"should / would + 动词原形"

35、构成的。(一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中)肯定句：主语+be(was，were)going to+动词原形.否定句：主语+be(was，were)not going to+动词原形.疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+动词原形?肯定句：主语+would(should)+动词原形.否定句：主语+would(should)not+动词原形.疑问句：Would(Should)+主语+动词原形?例如：1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.(昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。)2. They wanted to k

36、now how they would finish the homework earlier.(他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。)基本用法：一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.(如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。)其他表达法：1. was/were going to + 动词原形：He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.(他说他退休后要

37、住在农村。)2. was/were + 动词-ing形式：Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.(没人知道客人们是否要来。)3. was/were + 动词不定式：She said she was to clean the classroom after school.(她说她放学后要打扫教室。)注意：1. "was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。例如：Last Sunday we were going to visi

38、t the Great Wall, but it rained.(上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。)2. "was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。例如：I felt something terrible was about to happen.(我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。)3. was/were on the point of doing例如：I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trou

39、ble now.(很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。)4. "be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。例如：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.(我正要动身天突然下雨了。)5. 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。例如：This door wouldn't open.(这扇门老是打不开。 )现在完成进

40、行的形式I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词现在完成进行的功用1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)Jack hasnt been feeling very we

41、ll recently.3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.注意：现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、

42、但现在完成进行时不可以。现在完成进行时的否定结构在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：Since that unfortunate accident last week, I havent been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.He hasnt been working for me and I havent has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。否定句构成：主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词一般疑问句构成:Have/has+主语

43、+been+现在分词+其他过去将来进行时：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。基本用法：用于间接引语：They said they would be coming.(他们说了他们将要来。)用于定语从句：The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.(他将要接受的新工作是养赛马。 )作用：1. 过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作：例如：He said he could not come because he would be having a

44、 meeting.(他说他不能来因为要开会。)2. 过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作：它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。例如：John told us that Mary would be coming next day.(约翰告诉我们玛丽第二天来。)3. 过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中：用在定语从句中：The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.(他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。)用在状语从

45、句中：He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France.(其余款项，他将在离开法国时付清。)4. 过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中：例如：The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university.(车子发动了。埃伦詹姆斯要开车到大学去。)过去将来完成时形式should / would have done sth.用法1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。I thought you'd have left

46、 by this time. 我想这会儿你已经走了。He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock. 他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。形式had been + V-ing形式用法1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。例如：By the end of last month they had been wo