中考英语语法之状语从句讲解及练习

1、状语从句主讲老师：任帅概念：状语从句在句中作状语分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式。一、 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, not -until,before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time 等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。1. when , while, as 都可解释为“当 ''' 的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1) WhenEg: When I arrived h

2、ome , I had a little rest.注意：when从何的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是 be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略 Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her classteacher.2) AsAs除了表示“当 ''' 的时候”，还可表示为“一面 ''' 一面"，“随着”Eg: He sang as he danced.( 一面''' 一面)You will grow wiser as you grow older.(

3、随着 )3) While表示"当''' 的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.While （they were） having a discussion, they got very confused.注意：while 还有 “然而”的意思。eg: I prefer black tea, while he likes coffee.2. until, not until "直到''&#

4、39; 才"，在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：I waited until midnight.否定句：I did not leave until midnight.注意：1） not until 在旬首，主句用倒装eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.2） It is n ot until that引导的强调句It was not until it was dark that he came back.3. the minute, the moment, each tim

5、e表示 “一 ''' 就eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the momenthe saw it.4. h ardly/scarcely when, no sooner - than, as soon as 表示为"一 ''' 就''' "eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to ra

6、in.It began to rain as soon as I got home.注意：hardly/scarcely - when, no sooner than 位于旬首，主旬用倒装 eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.5. By the time + 状从（过去时），主句（过去完成时）By the time + 状从 （现在时），主句（将来完成时）By the time she came back, all the

7、guest had left.By the time the class is over, we will have finished learningthe whole passage.练习题1. It was quiet those big trucks started coming through the town.A. before B. after C. until D. unless2. It seemed only seconds the boy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if3. H

8、ardly had he reached the school gate the bell rang.A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as4. We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the centralrailway station.A. whenever B. until C. whileD. wherever5. I recognized you I saw you at the airport.A. the moment B. while C. after D. onc

9、e6. He was about to go to bed the doorbell rang.A. while B. as C. before D. when7. I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until8. John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till9. The children ran away from the orchard（ 果园 ） they

10、 saw the guard.A. the moment B. after C. before D. as10. No sooner had I arrived home it began to rain.A. when B. while C. as D. than11. Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing.A. as B. before C. sinceD. when12. It long before we the result of the experiment.B. is; will knowC.

11、will not be ;A. will not be; will knowknow D. is; know13. - What was the party like?-Wonderful. It ' s years I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arriveD. is

12、arriving15. got into the room the telephone rang.A. He hardly had; thenB. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not; then D. Not had he; when二.条件状语从句1.概念：条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。2.条件状语从句的引导词1) .IfIf you ask him , he will help youIf you fail in the exam , you will let him down .2) .unless (if .not.)You will f

13、ail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.Unless it rains, the game will be played.3) .so/as long asYou may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.4) provided/providing (that), on condition thatI shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.I will go provided that

14、 you go too.3.关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况：1、主将从现When I grow up, I ' ll be a nurse and look after patients.2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。If you want to have a chat ,call me up.3、如果主句是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.练习题1. If you to the party, you ' ll have a great

15、 time .A. will go B. wentC. goD. going2. It will be a long time Peter his work.A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.3. What will father bring us,he comes from China.A. if B.when C. as long as D.untill4. If Wang Fang me,me at once.A. need,tell B.needs,tel

16、ling C.need,telling D.needs,tell5. I her the answer if she me.A. can tell, will askB. will tell, will askC. would tell, askD.will tell, asks6. - What are you going to do tomorrow?-We ll go to the library tomorrow if it.A. isn ' t rain B. rain C. won' t rain D. doesn ' t rain7. Do you kno

17、w when he will come back tomorrow?-Sorry, I don ' t know. When he back, I ' ll t ell you.A. comes B. will comeC. comeD. may come8. What will you do if you to the old folk s home visit?A. go B. went C.going D. will go9. I eat much food , I ll be very fat.A. Although B. ifC. while D. because10

18、. I ll not give the book to himhe will come here next Sunday.A. if B. as long asC. thoughD. unless11. There an English film in our school tomorrow.A. is going to have B. will haveC. is going to beD. has12. Could you tell us where ？A. will the next Olympic Games held B. the next Olympic Games will be

19、 heldC. would the next Olympic Gamesbe held D. the next Olympic Gameswould be held 13. When my mother returned last night, I a book.A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read 14.What you when it began to rain?A. do, do B. were, doing C. are, doing D. did, do15. I ll wake you up when he

20、 back.A. will B. is going to comeC. comes D. come三让步状语从句1 .概念：一般翻译为尽管即使”就是我们日常生活中用的 退一步说 ”的感觉。2 . 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though, although, even if/ though,however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who 等。( 1 ) though, although 表示 “虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用，都可与yet, still 或 nevertheless 连用，但不能与bu

21、t 连用。Although/Thoughhe was worn out, (still) he kept on working.Although/Thoughhe is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.注意： though 引导的让步状语从句还可位于主句主句之后。She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.(2) as 表示 虽然但是"，纵使”之意。as 引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，though 间或也用于这样的结构中，但although 不可以这

22、样用。Object as/ though you may, I lgl o.(=Though/Although you may object, I lgl o.)Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)Child as/though he was,he knewwhatwastherightthingto do.(=Though he was a child,he knewwhatwastherightthingto do. )(3

23、) even if, even though 表示 即使”，纵使”之意。意思基本相同, 常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if 引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though 引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的。We ll make a trip even if/though the weathe r is bad.Even if he is poor, she loves him.(=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)Even though he is poor, she loves him.(=He is poor, yet

24、 she loves him.)(4) whetheror 表示 不论是否 ”，不管是 还是”之意。You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or bus y.Whether you believe it or not, it's true.(5) “no matter+疑问词”或疑问词-ever” 为“都；不管 No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever hap pened, he would not mind.)No matter w

25、ho you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意： “ no matter+ 疑问词 ”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词 -ever还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won t believe you.I'll eat whatever (丰 no matter what) you give me.练习题1 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit the

26、 season.A whatever B wherever C whenever D however2 Manyof them turned a deaf ear to his advice, they knew it to be valuable.A as if B now that C even though D so that3 I really don't like art, I find his work impressive.A As B Since C If D While4 he has limited technical knowledge, the old work

27、er has a lot of experience.A Since B Unless C As D Although5 I have some sympathy for them, I don't think they are right to do so.A As B If C While D When6 the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carrieswith him to the Customs Officer.A No matter who will come through

28、B who come throughC No matter whom comes through D Whoever comes through7 What a tight volleyball game! We lost it we all tried our best.A because B though C until D unless8 This is a very interesting book .I'll buy it , .A how much may it cost B no matter how it may costC however much it may co

29、st D how may it cost9 All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying theirbest to help those in need since the disaster.A even if B whether C no matter D however10 Allow children the space to voice their opinions,they are different from your own.A until B even if C unless D as tho

30、ugh11 well prepared you are, youstill need a lot of luck in mountainclimbing.A However B Whatever C No matter D Although12 hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A Whatever B Whenever C Wherever D However13 the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a go

31、od idea to spendtoo much time on it.A If B While C Because D As14 you decide to spend your holidays, one thing is certain, you will getto your destination, fresh and safe.A Whatever B Whoever C Wherever D Whichever15 , I could not memorize the text.A However hard did I try B However had I triedC How

32、ever I tried hard D However I had tried hard四.原因状语从句弓I导 原因状 语从句 的 连词有 ： because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that, owing to the fact that 等1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强， 通常用于回答why引导的疑问句。I do it because I like it.2. since , as seeing

33、(that) , now (that) , considering (that) , in that表示“既然，由于"。As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there ' s no reason that we should now help him.Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.Considering (that) ev

34、erybody is here, let ' s begin our discussion.In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.3. For表示原因关系，对前面内容的推断或猜测。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.,练习题1. you ' ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as2. He

35、 found it increasingly difficult to read,his eyesight wasbeginning to fail.A. andB. For C. But D. or3. A man cannot smile like a child,a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.A. So B. But C. and D. for4. I didn ' t go I was afraid.A. SinceB. ForC. BecauseD. Though5.

36、it was raining, we stayed at home.A.because, so B.because ,/ C.because ,for D.if ,so6.1 said nothing about it his wife was there.A. sinceB. so thatC. because D. unless7. the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.A. before B. since C. till D. After8 it is raining, you ' d better take a

37、taxi.A. before B. as C. till D. after9. You shouldn ' t get angry justsome people speak ill of you.A. sinceB. so thatC. becauseD. unless10. you are here, you ' d better stay.A. before B. Now that C. till D. after11. I hurried I wouldn ' t be late for class.A. sinceB. so thatC. as ifD. un

38、less12. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other Ileft London.A. asB. before13.you are so weak, youA. SinceB. For14. I' m sorry you' ve been waiting Brian get back.A. before B. since C. tillC. sinceD. till'd better stay at home.C. BecauseD. Thoughso long, but it ' ll s

39、tillbe some time D. after15. Did you return Fred ' s call? I didn ' t need to I ' ll see him tomorrow.A. though B. unless C. when D. Because五目的状语从句1 .概念：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。2 .引导目的状语从句常用的连词有：so that, in order that, lest, in case,for fear that 等。3 .目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could,

40、should, would等情态动词。You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard byall.He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.六结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that, so - that, such - that等He is so young that he can not go to school.He is su

41、ch a young boy that he can not go to school.区别：1. so.that 和 such that 的区别so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.=The boy ran too fast for me to catch .She has such a cute baby that she is quite happy.注意：当名词前有 many、much、（a） few、（a） little等词修饰时,句子中要用“sothat 而不能用“s

42、uchthat。”He has so much money that he can buy what he wants.I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.2. so that .（以便/为了）,引导目的状语从句。I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air.You must go now so that you won't be lat

43、e.练习题1. He left in a hurry he forgot to lock the door.A. such, that B. so, that C. such, as D. so, when2. You must improve your study method you may make progress in yourstudies.A. so as to B. in order to C. so D. in order that3. The Prime Minister got to the platform and sat down,to answerthe quest

44、ions.A. preparing B . being preparing C . prepared D . to prepare4. They demandeda rise in their wages up for the cost of living.A. to make, increase B. made, increasedC. to be made, increasing D. making, increasing5. -Why did you move the table over there?一 the new sofa.A. To make room for B. Share

45、 room withC. Given room to D. Saving room for6. late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept7. - I ll thank you my affairs alone.- I will. It s none of my business.A. leaving B. not to leave C. for having left D. to leave8. Not faith in himself, the

46、scientist went on with the research.A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. to be lost9. After that he expected Tom it without how.A. to do, telling B. doing, toldC. to do, being told D. doing, to be told10. I preferto .Prefer sth to sth, prefer to do sh rather than do sthA. to drive, rather than being driv

47、en B. to drive, be drivenC. drive, being driven D. driving, being driven11. “ Do you have anything to your son? I m going to Beijing.A. to take B. to be taken C. taken D. to bring12. When I came in, the students pretended busy their Englishhomework.A. to be, with doing B. to be, doingC. being, to do

48、 D. being, doing13. They advised us tie machine immediately.A. to set about making B. setting about to makeC. setting about making D. to set about to make14. Farmers rotate （ 轮作 ） their crops the soil will remain fertile.A. so that B. because of C. in order to D. rather than15. Speak to him slowly h

49、e may understand you better.A. since B. so that C. for D. because16. It was a hundred people looked lost in it.A. so large a room thatC. a such large room17. He has littlechildren.B. so large roomD. such large a roomeducation that hecan t teach littleA. so; such B. too; such C. a; so D. very; so18.

50、The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told19. You were silly not your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked20. The teacher asked us so much noise.A. don t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make21.

51、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars roadconditions needto be improvedA .that to be improved B. whichC. where improvingD. whenimproving22. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly- elected presidentis having a hard time.A. settle B. settling C. to settle D. being set

52、tled23. He let me repeat his instruction sure that I understood whatwas afterhe went away.A. to make; to be done B. making; doingC. to make; to do D. making; to do24. - You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doin

53、g D. doing so25. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule .A. to never break B. never to be brokenC. never to have broken D. never to be breaking26. I would love to the party last night, but I had to work extrahours to finish areport.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone27. She

54、 can t help the house because she s busy making a cake.A. to cleanB. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned28. We agreed here, but so far she hasn t turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. learning29. The little time we have together we try wisely.A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend

55、 D. spending that30. Paul doesn t have to be made . He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning七 比较状语从句弓I导比较状语从句的连词有：asas, than, not so as, the more themore 等He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)I can t jump so /as high as he (does)There are more workers in this fa

56、ctory than in the one next to it .The more you read, the more interesting , you will find the novelis .连接词 than 可作为关系代词用。如：He wrote more than was necessaryDon t carry more m oney than is needed八地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有:where, wherever 以及 where 构成的复合词等She found her calculator where she lost it.Wherever I a

57、m, I will miss you.注意：I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I usedit last time.九 方式状语从句1. 引导方式状语从句的连接词有as, just as, as if / though (一般用虚拟语气，也有用直陈语气的)等。Just do as you are told.The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in l