山东潍坊某实验高中2020年高一物理下学期期中试题及解析

1、28山东省潍坊市五县市2019-2020学年高一物理下学期期中试题本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，考试时间90分钟，满分100分。第I卷（选择题 共40分）一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有 项是符合题目要求的。1.许多科学家在物理学的发展过程中作出了重要贡献，下列叙述符合事实的是A.开普勒首先指出了行星绕太阳运动的轨道不是圆，而是椭圆B.牛顿总结出了行星运动的规律，发现了万有引力定律C.天王星是人们根据万有引力定律计算出其轨道后才发现的，被称为“笔尖下发现的行星”D.牛顿第一次在实验室里测出了万有引力常量2 . 一同学将质

2、量为10kg垃圾桶从教学楼5楼提到1楼，此过程该同学对垃圾桶做的功约为A. 120J B . 1200J C . -120J D . -1200J3 .如图甲所示，玻璃管竖直放置，当红蜡块从玻璃管的最下端开始匀速上升的同时，使玻璃管水平向右匀加速运动，直至红蜡块到达玻璃管的最上端。此过程红蜡块运动的轨迹可能为乙图中A. SB. RC. QD.以上三种情况都有可能4 .如图所示，将质量为 0.5kg的物体以一定的初速度水平抛出，飞行1s后垂直撞在倾角e为45°的斜面上，g取10m/s2。则物体与斜面相碰前的动能为B. 50JA. 25JC. 100JD. I00 J35 . 一颗质量为

3、0.05kg的子弹以300m/s的速度打穿一块厚度为5cm的木板后速度变为100m/s,则子弹打穿木板的过程，木板对子弹的平均阻力为A. 2X103NB. 4X103NC. 2X104ND. 4X104N6 . 一个物体在相互垂直的两个力Fi、F2的作用下，从静止开始沿光滑水平面运动一段距离，运动过程中Fi对物体做功-6J , E对物体做功8J,则物体获得的动能为A. -10J B . 2J C . 10J D . 14J7 .如图所示，桌面高度为 h,质量为m的小球，从离桌面高 H的A点处自由下落，落到地面上 的B点处，取桌面为零势能面，小球可视为质点。则下列说法正确的是A.小王在A处的重力

4、势能为 mg (H+h)8 .小球在B处的重力势能为0C.整个下落过程重力对小球做的功为mg (H+h)D.小球落到地面前瞬间重力的功率为mg 2g(H一h)28.我国自主建设的北斗卫星导航系统由数十颗卫星构成，目前已向一带一路沿线国家提供相关服务，若其中的两颗人造卫星甲和乙，它们的轨道近似为圆。已知甲的周期为12小时，乙的周期为16小时，则甲乙两颗卫星的2222A.线速度之比为33:43B.角速度之比为433322C.向心加速度之比为 93:16322D.向心力之比为163 :93二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，共16分。在每小题给出的四个选项中有多项符合题目要求。全部选又的得4分，选对但不全

5、的得2分，有选错的得0分。9 .如图所示，一个圆盘绕过圆心 O且与盘面垂直的竖直轴匀速转动，角速度为 a，盘面上有一 质量为m的物块随圆盘一起转动，物块到转轴的距离为 r,下列说法正确的是A.物块做匀变速曲线运动B.物块所受的静摩擦力方向始终指向圆心C.物块需要的向心力大小为 mw r2D.物块所受的静摩擦力大小为mo 2r10 .探索精神是人类进步的动力源泉。在向未知的宇宙探索过程中，有一宇宙飞船飞到了某行星附近，绕着该行星做匀速圆周运动，该宇宙飞船相对于行星位置不变。测出宇宙飞船运动的周期为T线速度大小为v,已知引力常量为 G,则下列正确的是工， vTA.该宇宙飞船的轨道半径为 B.该行星

6、的质量为v3T2G 3兀C.该行星的平均密度为GT2D.该行星表面的重力加速度为4兀 2v2 tT2兀11 .如图所示，将一质量为 m的摆球用长为L的细绳吊起，上端固定，使摆球在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，细绳就会沿圆锥面旋转，这样就构成了一个圆锥摆。已知重力加速度为g,细绳与竖直方向的夹角为 e。下列说法中正确的是A.摆球受重力、拉力和向心力的作用D.摆线上的拉力大小为 3-12 .如图所示，坐在雪橇上的人与雪橇的总质量为 由静止开始沿水平地面向右加速移动了一段距离m在与水平面成 e角的恒定拉力f作用下，1。已知雪橇与地面间的动摩擦因数为,则整个运动过程中A.支持力做功为0B.拉力F做的功为Fl

7、cos 0C.摩擦力做的功为口( mg Fsin 0 )D.雪橇获得的动能为Fl cos 9 -1 (mg Fsin 8 )三、非选择题：本题共 6小题，共计60分。13. (6分)验证动能定理的实验装置如图所示，较长的小车的前端固定有力传感器，能测出小 车所受的拉力，小车上固定两个完全相同的遮光条A B,小车放在安装有定滑轮和光电门的轨道D上,光电门可记录遮光条 A、B通过它时的挡光时间。fll用不可伸长的细线将小车与质量为m的重物相连，轨道放在水平桌面上，细线与轨道平行(滑轮质量、 摩擦不计)。实验主要步骤如下：测量小车、传感器及遮光条的总质量M遮光条的宽度d;按图正确连接器材；由静止释放

8、小车，小车在细线拉动下运动，记录传感器的示数F及遮光条的挡光时间tA、tB。(1)实验前用垫块垫高轨道左端平衡摩擦力，若不挂重物，发现遮光条A、光时间tA>tB,则应将垫块向 (选填“左”或“右”)移动。(2)为验证动能定理还需要测量的物理量是： A.两遮光条A、B间的距离LA、B经过光电门B经过光电门的挡B.重物的质量mC.开始释放时遮光片 A到光电门的距离s(3)验证动能定理是否成立需要验证的表达式为 (用所测物理量的符号表示)。14. (8分)在“探究平抛运动规律”的实验中，某同学将斜槽固定在桌子边缘，将贴有坐标纸的方木板靠近斜槽固定，坐标纸的横线与小球出射方向平行。 正确调整后进

9、行实验，让小球从斜 槽上某一位置滚下，用频闪照相机记录小球在不同时刻的位置，如图中a、b、c、d所示，用刻度尺测得方格纸每格边长为 0.4m。(1)下列关于实验的说法正确的是 A.必须调节斜槽的末端切线沿水平方向B.小球在斜槽上的释放高度影响相邻点间高度之差的大小C.贴有方格纸的木板必须竖直固定D.位置a就是小球在槽末端的抛出点(2)本实验中频闪照相机拍照的时间间隔为 s,小球平抛的初速度为 m/so(3)小球经过a点时的速度大小为m/s 。15. (8分)某课外小组经长期观测某行星及其周围的一颗卫星，观测发现，卫星绕该行星做匀 速圆周运动的轨道半径为 r,周期为T,行星的半径为 R。已知万有

10、引力常量为 G求：(1)该行星的平均密度；(2)该行星的第一宇宙速度。16. (8分)跳台滑雪轨道如图所示，竖直面内的圆形轨道最低点与斜坡轨道相接于B点，斜坡与水平方向夹角为 37。，斜坡足够长。圆形轨道的圆心为O,半径R=100m运动员从圆轨道上的A点由静止自由滑下， OA与OB夹角为37 量为m 60kg ,重力加速度为 g=10m/s： sin37 求运动员：(1)到B点时对圆弧的压力；(2)落到斜坡上时到 B点的距离。,运动员从跳台 B点水平飞出。已知运动员的质= 0.6,cos37° =0.8,不计一切摩擦和空气阻力。17. （14 分 ） 电动机从很深的矿井中提升重物，重

11、物由静止开始竖直向上做匀加速运动，加速度大小为2m/s2,当电动机输出功率达到其允许输出的最大值时，保持该功率不变。已知重物质量为50kg,电动机最大输出功率为6kw,取g=10m/s2。求：1 ）重物匀加速运动的时间；2）匀加速阶段电动机的平均功率；3）重物上升的最大速度。C,已知滑块与水平轨道间的动摩擦因数为18. (16分)如图所示，竖直平面内半径为 R=1.6m的光滑半圆形轨道 BC与水平轨道AB相连接,AB的长度为x=5.0m。一质量为m=1kg的滑块，在水平恒力 F作用下由静止开始从 A向B运动， 到B点时撤去力F,滑块恰好沿圆轨道通过最高点尸0.3 ,求：(1)恒力F大小；(2)

12、滑块从A到B运动的时间；(3)滑块从C点抛出后到落点的水平位移。20192020学年下学期期中考试高一物理试题答案2020.5一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一 项是符合题目要求的。1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，共16分。在每小题给出的四个选项中有多项符合题目要求。全部选又的得4分，选对但不全的得 2分，有选错的得 0分。9. BD 10. AB 11. CD 12. ABD三、非选择题：本题共 6小题，共计60分。13. （1）左 （2） A （3） FL=，M U

13、-力 （每空 2 分）1 q rA14. （1） AC（2） 0.2 4（3） e （每空 2 分）15. 解：（1）设行星质量为 M,卫星质量为 m,根据万有引力提供向心力古叶各 （2分）M 厘（1 分）解得：p =合:（1分） r m中（2）该行星的第一宇宙速度为 v,誓=4 （2分）解得：”二孚 （2分）1 V K16. （1）下滑到B点的速度为v,从A到B由动能定理mffRl- COS37®）=尹v2 （1 分）在B点由向心力公式得： N 7ng=mJ （1分）解得：N=840N （1 分）由牛顿第三定律对轨道压力大小为840N,方向竖直向下（2）落在斜面上到 B点距离为L,

14、水平方向：Lcos37°冠（1分）竖直方向： 闾“37。=三gF （1分）解得：L=75m （2分）17. 解：（1）匀加速运动拉力为 F, F-mg=ma （2分）P=Fv（1 分）v=at（1 分）解得：t=5s（1分）h = -at1（2）该过程重物上升高度为 h,（1分）标/由动能定理： Wmg=，（2分）W=Pt（1 分）解得：P=3kw（1分）（3）重物匀速上升时的速度最大，根据Pn=mgm （2分）解得：vm=12m/s（2分）18. （1）若恰好通过C点，则通过C点的速度为Vc（2分）Fx- urnffx - 2TngR = -mvi从A到C的过程由动能定理-&quo

15、t;（2分）解得：F=11N（2分）（2）从A到B运动的加速度为a, F-判啊=（2分）由匀变速运动规律：,二 （2分）解得： 飞（1分）（3）滑块抛出后做平抛运动，水平位移L=vc«（1分）竖直方向自由落体运动：（2分）解得：L=3.2m（2 分）赠送：山东省滨州市2020届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题及解析注言事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。改在本2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写 试卷上无效。第一部分 阅读（共

16、两节，满分50 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、 C和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABeing stuck at home doesn't mean that learning stops. In fact, it s just theopposite. Here are some activities and resources to foster kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.Let's Get Down to t

17、he ScienceThe science lab at school may be closed, but you can still put on goggles and a white lab coat and learn at home. This Test Tube Experiment Kit will make you feel like a genius in no time. Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry, physics, and more by creating pop-resistant

18、bubbles, bouncy balls, and other objects.To Infinity （ 无穷） and BeyondEarth is a part of the Milky Waygalaxy, but did you know there are around 100 million galaxies in the universe? There are so many fun and fascinating things to learn about space that the possibilities truly go to infinity and beyon

19、d. A great way start your child's educational space adventure is with thisReal Life Sticker and Activity Book.Take a Walk on the Wild SideBiology class is in session! Here's your chance to get up close and personal with agreat white shark without putting on a wetsuit. This 4DGreat White Shar

20、k Anatomy Kit allows youto get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful. And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world withI Am Shark .Take advantage of this time at home and find new ways to keep exploring the world around you.1. What is common among these a

21、ctivities above?A. They are all performed outdoors.B. They are all associated with physics.C. They are all carried out by the way of experimenting.D. They all recommend some resources for kids to study.2. Which book favors children interested in stars?A. This Test Tube Experiment Kit.B. Real Life Sl

22、icker and Activity Book.C. 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit.D. I Am Shark .3. The shared goal of the activities is toB. save kids from boredomD. inspire kids to study at homeBA. gain financial benefitsC. explore new technologiesA first-year undergraduate student in Chengdu, recently complained onlin

23、e thather mother refused to raise her monthly allowance to 4,500yuan ( $ 633) even whenshe said her current allowance 2, 000yuan was not enough to cover her expenses,sparking a debate on how much money a college student needs per month. One. expert shares his views on the issue withChina Daily : Stu

24、dents should pursue education,not comfort.Even for a college student studying in a first-tier city in China, 2,000yuan isenough to cover all his or her monthly expenses. In fact, for a college student inChengdu a monthly allowance of 2,000 yuan is more than enough. According to a survey conducted by

25、 a bookkeeping platform, the average monthly expense for an undergraduate in cities other than Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou was less than 2, 000 yuan in 2019 ； for Chengdu, it was 1,900 yuan.Claiming that she can hardly afford new clothing and cosmetics with her 2,000 yuanmonthly allowance, the un

26、dergraduate student in Chengdu criticized her mother for refusing to raise her pocket money. Her "meager" allowance, she said, prevented her from buying branded goods that her hostel-mates enjoyed.By the time a person enters a college, she or he should have developed a healthy consumption

27、habit. And a youth should adjust her or his consumption according to her or his family income. On a deeper level, the money they spend in college should depend on how much they value their parents' hard work. Besides, some college students could take UP part-time jobs to meet their monetary need

28、s if they feel their parents don'tor can't send them enough money. In this way they can also learn to meet the requirements of life in the future and develop healthy consumption habits. More importantly, they should always bear in mind that education is their top priority in college4. What&#

29、39;s the expert's attitude to the issue about the undergraduate student?A. He was critical.B. He was neutral.C. He was supportive.D. He was unconcerned.5. In 2019, the undergraduates' average monthly expense in Hangzhou wasA. more than 2,000 B. 633 dollarsC. less than 2,000 yuanD.1,900 yuan6

30、. Which of the following best explains“meager” in paragraph 3?A. Empty.B. Pitiful.C. Mean.D. Fruitful.7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. College students should keep their expenses in line with their family conditions.B. College students consumption level is determined by their par

31、ents.C. College students should take up a part-time job to cover their expenses .D. College students should deal with their living expenses problems reasonably.CToday, China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly launched spacecraft, which was put into low-Earth orbit by

32、China's Long March 5B heavylift carrier rocket.Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb-shaped （蜂巢状） structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp. , the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology. The e

33、xperiment was done by a 3D printer, developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory, inside the prototype of China's new generation manned spacecraft.The printer, named the Space-Based Composite Material 3D Printing System, uses carbon fiber-reinforced materials to autonomou

34、sly print objects. It is installed in the reentry module of the experimental spaceship, and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns.The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling, precision control and automation. Oncethe space-based 3D printing technology becomes oper

35、ationally ready, it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.WangYanan, editor-in-chief of the Aerospace Knowledgemagazine, said the 3D Printer will be very useful in extende

36、d space missions, such as those in a space station, because it will allow astronauts to make components quickly and conveniently in space. The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs.In fact, the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard theProt

37、otypeA CubeSat deployer, designed and madethrough 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology,is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D-printed equipment inspace. CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D-Printed deployer is muchlighter and stronger than its counterpar

38、ts and it will have huge Potential in the space industry.8. What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience?A. The process and the products of the 3D printing.B. The name and the shape of the 3D printer.C. The significance of the 3D printing technology.D. The relationship between the two c

39、ompanies.9. What if a component is broken in the space station now?A. It has to be sent by spaceship back to earth for repair.B. The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot.C. The astronauts make one using 3D printing and replace it.D. It has to be unloaded and abandoned in space.10.

40、Why is the last paragraph mentioned?A. To introduce the CubeSat deployer produced in space.B. To explain the advantages of the 3D printing in space.C. To show the adaptability of 3D printing in space.D. To indicate a bright future of 3D printing in space.11. What can be a suitable title for the text

41、?A. 3D printing experiment conducted in space.B. 3D printing set to help ease space trips.C. 3D printing launched by Long March 5B.D. 3D printing a new way to explore space.DLego is considering a brick rental scheme in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste. The Danish toymaker has promised to make

42、 all its bricks from sustainable （可持续的） sources by 2030 and is ploughing significant resources into finding alternatives.Tim Brooks, vice-president responsible for sustainability, said the company was"totally open" to the idea of a product rental scheme but acknowledged that lost pieces co

43、uld cause a significant problem. He said the rental scheme was "possible" but admitted there were some "technical barriers", one of which is the complexity of some Lego kits （配套元件）， many of which contain thousands of pieces." What are the chances of giving them to an eight-y

44、ear-old child and getting them all back again? ” Mr Brooks added. "There is a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done.Weare right at beginning of that. ” Mr Brooks said Lego was exploring several ideas with a view to producing the highest value from products while consuming the least am

45、ount of re sources. He said many would "probably never see the light of day” and there wasno curr ent plan to try a rental scheme.Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint amid growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment. It manu

46、factures 19 billion pieces per year 36,000 a minute that are made only of plastic while much of the internal packaging is also plastic.So far, the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made fromWe needplant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane. The green trees, plants and fl

47、owers were first included in Lego sets late last year but account for only one-two percent of the total amount of plastic elements produced. Henrik Ostergaard Nielson, a production supervisor in Lego's factory in Billund, told theNew York Times last yearto learn again how to do this ”12. How wil

48、l Lego cut down on plastic waste?A. By considering a brick rental scheme.B. By producing a new kind of toys instead of bricks.C. By replacing common plastic with a renewable material.D. By investing large amounts of money into market.13. What does Tim Brooks expect of the product rental scheme?A. It

49、'll cause certain serious problems.B. It'll be of great complexity.C It'll require more mature technical skills.D. It'll involve much more kits of bricks.14 What does the underlined word“many” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Ideas. B. Values.C. Products.D. Resources.15 What can be inferre

50、d from the passage?A. Lego has to explore a new product to earn a profit.B. A brick rental scheme has been put into mass production.C plant-abased plastic is environmentally friendly.D Lego is optimistic about the brick rental scheme.第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）根据短文内容'从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项

51、为多余选项。How much is a child's future success determined by born intelligence? Most guess around 25 percent, even 50 percent. 16 So if IQ is only a minor factor in success, what is it that separates the low earners from the high ones?Science doesn't have a definitive answer, although luck certa

52、inly plays a role. But another key factor is personality. Financial success was correlated with conscientiousness, a particular quality in your personality marked by diligence, perseverance and self-discipline.Grades at school and achievement-test results were markedly better predictors of adult suc

53、cess than raw IQ scores. 17 After all, don't they all measure the same thing? Not quite. Grades reflect not just intelligence but also " non-cognitive skills ", such as perseverance, good study habits and the ability to collaborate. Personality counts.18 A research suggests childhood i

54、nterventions（介入）can be helpful, and thatconscientiousness is more malleable （可塑的） than IQ. Opennessa broad quality that includes curiosity - is also connected to test scores and grades.19 Someone with an IQ of 70 isn't going to be able to do things that are easyfor a person with an IQ of 190. Bu

55、t many people fail to break into the job market because they lack skills that aren t measured on intelligence tests. They don't understand how to behave with kindness in job interviews. 20 Or on the job, they make it obvious they'll do no more than the minimum, if that.A. IQ still matters, o

56、f course.B. That might seem surprising.C. They may show up late or fail to dress properly.D. How much difference between people's incomes can be tied to IQ?E. But the data suggest a much smaller influence: about 1 or 2 percent.F. The higher the better for IQ, and perhaps for conscientiousness as

57、 well. G. Success depends not just on born ability but on skills that can be taught. 第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分 30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、R C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact 21 and many will be not sure.In 1975, Chinese surveyors 22 that Mount Qomolangma（ Mount