小学英语专题一名词

1、小学英语语法基础知识专题一名词、名词的数1）规则变化般在名词后力口 s.如 boy-boys, pen fpens bag-bags bed-beds但是 chicken当小鸡讲时，是可数名词，There are a lot of chickens in the house.当鸡肉讲时，是不可数，I like eating chicken .以 s, x, sh, ch结尾的，力口 es.如 bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes, watch-watches match 但 stomach 的复数为 stomachs.注意 mouth month path &qu

2、ot;以辅音字母 +y"结尾的，y 变为 i ,然后再加 es.如 babybabies city cities country- countries注意 以"元音+y”,直接加 s。如：day-days , boy-boys以f或fe结尾的名词把 f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife-knives , half-halves（wife ,knife , wolf , thief , shelf , self , life , half, leaf）口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例外 以f结尾， 加S的情况：gulf （海湾）,ro

3、of（屋顶），chief （首领），serf（奴仆）,belief（信仰）,proof（证据）, 但 handkerchief （手帕） -handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves 。口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上以o结尾的名词力口-es Negro （黑人）-Negroes , hero （英雄） -heroes, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes力口-s kilo fkilos, photo fphotos, , radiofradios, pianofpianos, videofvideos. ba

4、mboo bambooszoo-zoos但 zero-zeros2）不规则变化或 zeroes manmen,womaewomen,policeman fpolicemen,foot 一feet,tooth 一teethchild-children ,mouses mice ,Englishman fEnglishmenFrenchwoman- Frenchwomen小学英语语法4基础知识专题,Australian（澳大利亚人）-Australians注意 German （德国人）-Germans , American-AmericansD 单复数同形 如：JapanesefJapanese,

5、 Chinese fChinesesheepfsheep, deer -deerfishfish 注意fish 作鱼肉讲时不可数。I like eating fish.fish 指鱼 时是可数。He gives me two fish.有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police（不说 a people , 可说 a person） 两个人 two persons 或 two peoplepolice（ 警察）ten police （不说 a police , 可说 a policeman）合成名词变复数apple tree fapple trees

6、 , bus driver - bus drivers ,girl friend- girl friendspasser-by（ 过路人） passers-by grown-up f grown-ups（ 成年人）注意：被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。man doctor fmen doctors woman teacherfwomen teachersman driver-men drivers woman nurse-women nurses 有些名词只有复数形式，如： clothes, trousers, glasses, scissors（剪刀），chopsti

7、cks 数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如 a two-week holiday, an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有 five minutes' walk, two days' leave3）不可数名词|没有单复数形式,要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词a piece of paper two pieces of paper a piece of breada bottle of watera glass of milk用 a little, little, much,a cup of coffeea p

8、iece of newsa lot of ,lots of, some, any等修饰不可数名词。There is a little milk in the cup.There is little milk in the cup.拓展|可数名词表复数时,可用以下词语修饰: 可数名词。There are a few students in the room.There are few students in the room.（a little 一些，一点儿，表肯定）（little几乎没有，表否定）a few, few, many, a lot of ,lots of ,some, any（a

9、few 一些，表肯定）（few几乎没有，表否定）等修饰s books共有的房间）（不共有）二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加's Tom ' s knife以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加' 如：the teachers' reading room;不以s结尾的复数名词白所有格要加's. children's pens women如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's Jane and Helen's room （如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加 'sBil

10、l's and Tom's rooms2）表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。a map of China the picture of the familythe legs of the tablea picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。3）有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用'sten minutes ' walk one month s vacation 4）双重所有格a friend of mine= one of my friend我朋友当中的个【课堂练习】I.写出下列名词的复数形式。watch

11、strawberrychildthiefphotodiaryboxman doctordayfootzoopear treebook peach dress girl student_tooth baby deerGermanstomachmouthherowoman nurse_NegroAmericankiloleafFrenchmanpianoknifeII. 翻译下列词组。一些桃子 我的自行车 五袋大米 教师节八只脚妇女节二十颗牙齿二张纸三瓶果汁四个男医生四十个女警察七颗梨树十二把小刀_副世界地图九个德国人Helen的朋友.许多孩子双胞胎白勺妈妈 Tom 和Jack共后的房间III.

12、按要求改写下列句子。1. There is an orange tree in the garden.（改为复数句） 2. She is a good teacher.（改为复数句） 3. I have some interesting story books.（改为单数句） 5. -What is it? -It's a box.4. There are some women teachers over there.（改为单数句） （改为复数句） IV. 单项选择。( )1.Mr Smith is father. They are twin sisters.A. Mary '

13、s and John's B. Mary's and John C. Mary and John's( )2.She needs .A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters( )3.There are fivein our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers( )4.There are many in the fridge.A. food B.bread C. vegetables( )5.I'

14、;m thirsty. I think I'll buy some.A. water B. eggs C. cakes( ) 6.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoe( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like.A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken

15、( )8. There are five _in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about.A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walkC. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 10. turn yellow in autumn.A

16、. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the shop?A. shoe B. shoes' C. shoes D. shoe's( ) 12. hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a( ) 13. His familya happy one.A. be B. are C. is D. was( ) 14. I met twoin the street yesterday morning.A. Germa

17、n B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( ) 15. My grandparents likevery much, so they grow some in theirgarden every year.A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetablesB. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetableV. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people ) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK?7. I have lots of(tomato) h