高考定语从句复习总结和真题

1、高考定语从句复习总结和真题专题一 定语从句（the attributive clause ）Lecture 1基本知识点定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词，用来作定语的句子叫定语从句。关系代词（主语、宾语、表语、定语）： who,whom,that,which,as,whose关系副词（状语）：when,where, why限定性定语从句定语从句非限定性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。1.关系词1）用that不用which的情况：当先行词之前用最高级修饰或本身就是最高

2、级时This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.当先行词有序数词或先行词本身就是序数词时Here are two students; the third that you want is to come in a moment. 当先行词是 all, something, anything, nothing, everything 时All （that） I need is more rest. 当先行词前有 all, any, the only, the very 等修饰时The only thing that they c

3、an do is to sleep. 当先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school. 句中有两个定语从句，其中第一个从句的关系词已经用了who或which时，第二个定语从句的关系代词用thatWe built a factory which produces fertilizer that is badly needed.在以who开头的疑问句中或以which开头的疑问句中Who is the girl that is standing with our maths

4、 teacher?当先行词做表语时，在限制性定语从句中多用that引导He isn ' t the mthat he used to be.注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语在限制性定语从句中可省略2) whose的用法which(指人)whose + n.弓 I导定语从句 =the +n. +of +whom (指人)which (指物)+ the + n=of +whomI live in the room whose window faces south.=I live in the room t he window of which faces south.=I live in

5、the room of which the window faces south.3) as的固定用法在限制性定语从句中：as常放在固定结构中，如：as as / the same .as / so (such) .as .注意区分： the same .as 和 the same that This is the same pen as I lost这和我丢失的钢笔是一样的。This is the same pen that I lost.这正是我丢失的那枝钢笔。D so (such) as 和 so (such) thatShe is so good a student as all th

6、e teachers like.She is so good a student that all the teachers like her.She is such a good student that all the teachers like her.She is such a good student as all the teachers like.4) the way后接定语从句的情况当先行词是 way意为 方式，方法”并在定语从句中作状语，引导定语从句的先行词有下 列三种形式：in whichrThe way L that he explained the sentence t

7、o us was not difficult to understand.作状语不填which TThe way that he explained to us was not difficult to understand. 作宾语不填5）关系副词 when, where, why（有时可用“介词+关系代词”替换）若先行词在定语从句中作时间状语用whenI still remember the day when/ on which I first came to Beijing.若先行词在定语从句中作地点状语用whereThis is the factory where/ in which

8、his father works.若先行词在定语从句中作原因状语用whyThere are several reasonswhy/ for which we can ' t do that.注意：当先行词表示某人或物的situation , condition, position, case, point或某事所发展的stage,或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此程度，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。

9、2 .介词+关系代词which指物介词+关系代词whom指人This is the house in which I live now.In the dark street, there wasn' t a stoiwhomirsshns could turn for help.3 .名词/代词+介词+关系代词I have a lot of friends, some of whom are college students.I have a lot of friends, and some of them are college students.The house has ten

10、windows, most of which haven ' t been cleaned for a long time.The house has ten windows, and most of them haven ' t been cleaned for a long time.She has three sons,one of whose sons joined the army two years ago.（二）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句常用逗号与它的先行词分开。注意：在非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。that不可引导非限制性定语从句as和which引导非

11、限制性定语从句：as和which都可引导，但有以下区别：1）位置：as位置最灵活，主句之前，之中，之后都可；which不放在主句之前2）意思：as常译为 芷如" ；which常译为 这一点”3）结构：as常放在固定结构中，如：As we all know / As is known to all众所周知As anybody can see / As can be seen正如人人者B能看至U的那样As is mentioned above正如上面提到的As we had expected / As had been expected正如预料的那样As has been pointed

12、 out正如所指出的那样As has been said before正如以前所说到的那样As is often the case with正如的情形一样As often happens 正如经常发生的那样As may be imagined正如可以想象出来的一样e.g1) The elephant is like a tree, as anybody can see.2) As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.3) His father is an engi

13、neer, which makes him feel very proud.Lecture 2定语从句其考点which指物1 .介词+关系代词to dowhom指人I need a pen with which to write a letter.I have a dictionary in which to look up a new word.We only had 30 hands with whom to finish the work in a week.2 .定语从句中主谓一致：定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致常见考点one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数动词the onl

14、y one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词The Great wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings that is seen from the moon.长城是唯一一个可以从月球看到的建筑物。 I , who am your English teacher, will try my best to help you3.非限定性定语从句中 which的先行词可

15、以是一个词，也可以是一整个句子。He was late again , which made the teacher very unhappy.Lecture 3真题训练1. （2019 全国出） In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.2. （2019 全国 I ） One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground .3. （2019 全国 n 改编）First I