宾语从句讲解及练习

1、宾语从句The Object Clause 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一. 宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He said nothing about who broke the wi ndow last ni ght.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二. 宾语从句中引导词连接词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词:that that 常可省略,whether,

2、if代词:who, whose, what ,which畐 y 词:when ,where, how, why 等。 连词：He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学I don ' t knowf there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试that引导的宾语从句在非正式场合that可以省略可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, thin k,

3、i n sist, wish, hope, dema n d, imagi ne, won der, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, expla in, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, no tice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other pla n ets

4、.当主句谓语动词是 常把否认转移至主句表示。Attention :宾语从句的否认转移thi nk, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否认时，等，并，其反义疑问I don ' t think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时thin k,believe,imagi n e,suppose,c on sider,expect,fa n cy,guess，从句的否认词一般要转移到主句上来句一般与宾语从句一致I don ' t believ

5、e that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的 ， 是不是 ？I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, won't she/he? We suppose you have fini shed the project, have n't you?如果宾语从句中 有某个 含有否认意义的 形容词 或副词 ( 不包 含带有否认 前缀的 词，如： unhappy ， unfair ， dislike 等 ),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式We find that he

6、n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does n't she?You thought they could have completed the project, did n't you?They don't believe she's an engin eer, do they?She does n't ex

7、pect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1) . I don ' t think he is right, ?A . isn ' t he Bis he C . do I D . don ' t I(2) . He believes she is right, ?A . doesn ' t he. Bdoes he C . is she D . isn ' t she(3) .1 thought that he disliked playi ng football, ?A . didn ' t

8、he Bdid he C . did I D . didn ' t I(4) . I find _ importa nt that we practice En glish every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5) . You can ' t imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情况中 th

9、at 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。I believe ( that ) you have done your best and that things will get better.2、当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时， that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、当 that 从

10、句是双宾语中的直接宾语时， that 不可省。I can ' t tell him that his mother died.4、当 it 作形式宾语时例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.许多带复合宾语的句子， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。5、 当宾语从句前置时That our team will win , I believe .6、 当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,h

11、old等动词的宾 语时;由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为 是否女口：I don't know if / whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下歹情况下只能用whether，不能用 if: 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与 or not连用时，往往用 whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not .(= Le

12、t me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any wash ing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用 whether。如：rm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

13、We're th inking about whether we can fin ish the work on time .我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He has n't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He has n't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I c

14、an't say .这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 假设用if会引起歧义时，那么用 whether。如:Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：b. If you like the book , please let me know .你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、 if引导条件状语从句，意为如果The stude nts will

15、go on a pic nic if it is sunny.2、if引导否认概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didn' t come to school yesterday.3、 引导状语从句even if (即使)和as if (好象)时He talks as if he has known all about it.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, an swer, know, decide, show, find out, imag

16、i ne, suggest, doubt, wonder,discover, un dersta nd, i nform, advise 等。 连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么Have you de

17、term ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的 了吗？ 连接副词有：when,where,why,how ，在句中担任状语的成分。He didn ' t tell me when we should mee t again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面Could you please tell me how you use the new pan el?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows where these new parts c

18、an be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到练习题 I don ' t knowor not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depe nds on the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new studentclass he was in.A. which B. where C. if

19、 D. that(4) I don ' t know Mr. Green will come to see us. He' ll help us with our English.A. why B. whe n C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don ' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black ad ' dresss is?- He may liv

20、e at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I ' m not sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don' t know .A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三. 宾语从

21、句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词 /副词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分。I don ' t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?练习题(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) A

22、re you interested in ?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don ' t know . Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he

23、 wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his car?A. what t

24、he matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter四. 宾语从句的时态时态：1、 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句 : She was sorry that she hadn ' t finished her work on time.3、 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

25、例句 : The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.练习题(1) It ' s 7:30. I can' t believe youcooking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven ' t started B. didnt C. don t start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has bee n D

26、. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We ' d like to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “ Could you tell me ? . T hey “_Y_esto the library.A. where are the twi ns, have bee n B. where were the t

27、wi ns, have bee nC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone(6) Our father said that hea new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(7) I hear that he to Beiji ng yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone注意运用虚拟语气的情况在表示建议 suggest、 advise、 pr

28、opose;要求 dema nd、 desire、 request ；决定 decide;命令 order、 comma nd、 require;坚决主张 in sist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用should +v .虚拟语气Eg : I suggested that you should study hard .He ordered that we should go out at once虚拟语气的用法语气所表示的含义不虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，疑心，猜想，建议等含义，虚拟 是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you

29、 be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time.祝愿你玩得痛快。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose, 等词后面的宾语从 句表示的是一种虚拟 语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。He insisted that all of us

30、should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose后面的从句中， "should" 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗

31、衣服。3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中：在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that" 中， that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的

32、是我们要照顾好病人。4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句 中。在表示与事实相反 的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A 与现在事实相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式 . if I (he,she) were. I (we) should +动词原形。 He(you,they) would + 动词原形。B 与过去事实相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去 分词。 He (you,they) would + have +

33、过去分词。If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮助的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了， 在表示说话人的一种愿望， 假 设，疑心，猜想， 建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事

34、实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句的方法方法一 ：当主句谓语动词是 hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ， agree ， promise 等，且 宾语从句的主 语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二 ：当主句谓语动词是 know ， learn ， remember ， forget

35、， tell 等动词，且主句 主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open thewindow.注：当主句谓语动词是 tell ， ask， show ， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Could you tell me how to get to the

36、station ？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order 命令， require 需要等时，如果主句和从句 的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词代词+不定式结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四 ：某些动词后的宾语从句， 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化。 例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor

37、boy doesn'tknow when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五 ：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语 +V-ing 形式作宾语补足语结 构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式短语来简化，但句

38、型需要进行 适当的变化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化，如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.f I found it difficult to lear n En glish well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.f Soon we found the ground covered with

39、thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. f They found the box very heavy.宾语从句练习1()1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take()2 Catheri ne said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n D. had

40、 n ever bee n()3 The stude nts want to know whether theydictati on today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are()4 She asked Linda if go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may()5 Linda said the moon _ _ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled宾语从句

41、练习2()1 Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that()2 I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. whe n D. where()3 I hardly un dersta nd.he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who()4 She did n't know _ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be

42、C. he will be()5 I don't knowhe still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.whe n()6 Do you knowthey liste ned to yesterday eve ning?A. what B whe n C why D how()7 He asked metold me the accide nt.A whom B which C who D whose宾语从句练习3()I.They don't know their pare nts are

43、.A that B what C why D which()2.Please tell mewhat last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister works D where your sister worked()3.She asked me if I knewA. whose pen is it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it()4. You must remember.A. w

44、hat your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said()5 Did you know?A. who he was look ing after B. who was he look ing forC. who he is look ing for D. who he is look ing after()6 Could you tell me ?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they

45、leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing宾语从句练习 41.1 don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes, I'lltell you .A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't know the day after tomorrow.A. whe n does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he co

46、mes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he men ded D. what he men ded4. I want to know .A. whom is she look ing afterB. whom she is look ingC. whom is she look ing D. whom she is look ing after5. Do you know where now?

47、A. he lives B. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live6. Do you know what time ?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leave D. the train leaves7.1 don't know . Can you tell me, please?B. how old are the two pAla.yheorsw the two players are old C.D. how old the two playetrhseat

48、rweo players are how old8. The small children don't knowA. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings9. I can't understandA. what does Christmas mean C.B. what Christmas does meanwhat mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas me

49、ansExercises: 用所给的单词将以下句子连成一句1.What is her name? (I don ' t know)2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)3What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)What foreign language can you speak?

50、(I want to know)Whose box is it on the floor? (I' m not sure)How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)She is a teacher. (I hear)10Does her aunt live in Paris? (I' m not sure)11Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12Who will come to join us? (Do you know)13My son is having a

51、 cold. (she said)14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I dont know)1、 A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7、A8、A.9、A 10、A 11、A 选择题Do you know how much hot water Mum is neededB does Mum need CMum needsD did Mum needCan you tell me where he isB where is heC he is whereD what is heI didn't know howto London?would they goB

52、 are they going Cthey would goD they are goingI want to know how long has he been backB has he come back Che has been back Dhe has come backDo you know _ what the news areB what is the news Cwhat the news isD what are the newsHe said he would help me with my maths if he free.was B will be C would be

53、D isHe will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.gets B is getting C will getD shall getFather music when he youngliked was B . liked is C. likes was D . likes isI liked sports I was young.D very much becauseso much as B so much that C very much when mother got home, I was tidying my room.After B When C As soon as D BeforeThe teacher didn't