初中总复习资料2

1、冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示×

2、;×一家人，常看成复数。 如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：

3、go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 练习:There's _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归

4、纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。 1.基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first) 2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。 hundreds o

5、f 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。练习:Henry has learned eight _ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The _lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。 顺读法(钟点分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty

6、4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟topast钟点) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past foura quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five 练习题 :1.At the beginning of the_(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_(watch)yours? Yes. 3.You don'

7、;t look well.You'd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me_,please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5.There are three_and seven_in the picture. A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6.A lot of_are talking w

8、ith two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7.June 1 is _. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day D.Childrens' Day 8._people went out to see what had happened. A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three t

9、housands 9.We have been in the school for_. A.three and a half month B.three and a half monthsC.three month and a half D.three months and half 10._English is_ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, /11.John was given _ orange bag for his birthday but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the

10、C.the,a D.an,the12.There's _ old tree near _ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 13.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 四.代词人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they 宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数us 、you 、them 物主代词: 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、i

11、ts 、our 、your 、their 名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs 反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。 如：These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=o

12、ur books) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room) 3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独

13、、独自)help oneself to (随便吃/喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) 练习题 1.-Whose trousers are these? -_, I think. A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught_English. He taught_. A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by himself D.his, his （二） 修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 muc

14、h little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.= 用little, a little, few, a few填空: 1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is _ water in the glass. 3.Though he learned F

15、rench only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new There's _ in today's newspaper. 中考题 A.important anything B.important something C.anything important D.something importan

16、t (四)另外，还要注意代词some, every, all, both, either, another 1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。 any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples? 2.every单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。 each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。 如:

17、 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. 3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可） 4.both “（两者）都” ,作主语时

18、，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。 如：They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither answer is right. 5. another +单数名词, “另一个” one the other “一个，另一个” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人” (五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. 例如: I like the re