高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧

1、高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧一、主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能 力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中 心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一 道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：(l)The subject of the passage/paragraph is.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is.(3)The text is ma

2、inly about.(4)The passage mainly centers on.(5)The passage mainly tells about.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to

3、make in the last paragraph?(ll)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would b

4、e(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about.(17)The writer*s purpose in writing this story is.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to.(21)What is the adv

5、ice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会 困绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或 概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题 句在文首；(2)主题句在文中：(3)主题句在文末：(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和 文末。1 .主题句在文首这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或 信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高

6、考题)A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(B介梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold meda

7、l winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.HMany of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.Named after China*s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest star

8、ted in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission（国家教委）as the country*s biggest and best contest of its kind.This news story is mainly aboutA. when the contest startedB. how the contest got its nameC. the 20 pupils who have won gol

9、d medals in the contestD. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest【分析】这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生（2女18男）有充分的理由为 自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是4百万参赛学生中的佼 佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。 A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句的意思完全一致, 因此是正确答案。2 .主题句在文中这类文章写法上的特点是：开始部分是引题，接着是点题，最后是对主

10、题进行叙述, 主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。如：（全国高考题）Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistlinewhich makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.There are two types of fat: external fat （

11、fat under the skin） and internal fat （fat inside the body wall）. Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, but the 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes t

12、he health problems.The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting （ W食）simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather tha

13、n external fat.The text is mainly about.A. fatness and healthB. ways to lose weighC. people's figuresD. distribution of fat【分析】该文的第一段交代了脂肪在体内的分布状况；第二段交代了脂肪的种类及不同种类 的脂肪与健康之间的关系；第三段讲的是减肥应该减掉哪一类脂肪以及节食存在的问题。很 明显，第二段，特别是第二段的第二句，起着承上启下的作用，是该文的主题句。A选项符 合主题句的意思，应该是正确答案：B选项与文章的意思无关；可以排除：C、D选项分别 只与文章的部分信息

14、有关，也可以排除。3 .主题句在文末这种写法的特点是：在叙述完某件事情或某个话题之后，用一句话交代事情的结果或 对前而的叙述进行归纳。如：（广东高考题）In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers （探险者）landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to t

15、he "moon people" they met. In turn, the Nmoon peopleHexpressed their surprise. "Why/1 they asked, Hare you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?11H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. Peopl

16、e today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. How ever; the question that the “moon people11 asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground systems are already In place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some ci

17、ties, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The 'Chunnel”, a tunnel（隧it!） connecting England and France, is now complete.But what about underground cities? Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called "Alice Cit

18、ies.11 The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太阳能 穹顶）would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth*s

19、space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells1 Hmoon people" would agree. Would you?What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Citiescities of the future B. Space travel with H.G. WellsC. Enjoy living undergroundD. Building down, not up【

20、分析】文章以月球人的问题 Why are you traveling to outer space when you don*t even use your inner space?引起话题，接着讲叙了人类目前对地下空间的利用现状，结尾以地下空间 开发的支持者的话点题 building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth' s space。A选项只是本文话题的部分意思，不是主要话题；B选项与文章的意思无关：文章主 要是讲地下空间的开发利用，而不是讲如何享受地下生活，因此C选项与文章的主题也无关； D选项

21、符合文章的主要内容，与主题句的意思一致，因此，是该题的正确答案。4 .主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末这种写法的特点是：文章一开始就点题，接着举例，最后回归主题。如：（全国高考 题）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. "It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career/ he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and

22、 later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.nl was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon

23、. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted 'Bring me the knife!, Minutes l

24、ater the man lost his arm forever.""The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakesjShu said.The best headline for this newspaper article isA. Astonishing MedicineB. Farmer Loses ArmsC. Dangerous BitesD. Snake Doctor【分析】文章的第一段就两句话，第一句点题，第

25、二交代了 ShuPulong成为蛇医的原因：第 二、第三段举例说明ShuPulong如何了解到农民被蛇咬的情况：第四段回归主题，强调是由 于第二、第三段中所交代的事例促使Shu Pulong决心成为蛇医。题目的A选项与文章中的 信息无关；B、C两个选项只涉及到文章所举的例子的某个方面：D选项能涵盖首位两个自 然段，即主题句，的信息，因此是正确答案。5.文章中没有明显的主题句有的文章没有明显的主题句，如果在阅读这类文章的时候碰到判断文章的主题、话题、中心 思想之类的题目，我们的注意力主要放在两个方而：1.文章的主要内容：2.选项之间的区 别。也就是说能涵盖文章的全部或主要内容的选项才是正确答案。

26、如：（全国高考题）James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teacher asked the youth his name.he replied.She thought he had said "Jesse11, and he had a new name.Owens ran his first race at age 13, After hig

27、h school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education. As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight

28、of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book.The stage

29、was set for Owens1 victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic（体育的）but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African-American winners.Hlt was all right with me/1 he said years later. Nl didn*t go to Berlin to s

30、hake hands with him, anyway."Having returned from Berlin. He received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.Owens1 Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his livin