语法非谓语动词讲课

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式（动词不定式（to） do sth b.动名词动名词 V-ing c.分词分词( 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词)考点一：不定式考点一：不定式在句中可以作在句中可以作除谓语外的任何成分除谓语外的任何成分动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法I.作主语作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，常用不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，将作形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 To learn English well is useful。=It is useful to learn English well。

2、句型句型1：It s+adj+ to do 句型句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _ help the poor.It is important_ learn math well. to to 句型句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形（是形容事物的性质的容事物的性质的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品（是形容人的品质的质的 ）e.g.It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is very kind _ you to g

3、ive me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that. for of of 2.作宾语作宾语 (1)常见动词有：常见动词有：like, expect, want,begin, refuse, offer, fail, learn, seem, , forget, want, , afford, wish等等e.g.They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _( be ) a professor. to be to get (2

4、)it作形式宾语作形式宾语 find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj + to do sth. 1.I find_ easy_ read English every day. 2.We think _ important _ obey the law.3.I think _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day. to it to it to it 3)在某些句型中，省去在某些句型中，省去to的。的。Why not do.?Why dont you do.? had better do. would rat

5、her do.Could /Would /Will you please do.?3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语1）want, ask, tell,allow,encourage,advise等等e.g. 我的妈妈鼓励我学英语。我的妈妈鼓励我学英语。My mother encourages me to learn English。否定形式：否定形式： . sb not to do sth tell sb not to do sth 2）在动词）在动词feel （一感），（一感），hear, listen to（二（二听），听），have, let, make（三让），（三让），notice, s

6、ee, watch, look at（四看）等后面的补足语中，不（四看）等后面的补足语中，不定式不带定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也也可以不带可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. 练一练：练一练：1.

7、He is often heard _(sing) the song. 2.Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate. to sing cry to cry 4. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例：词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例： She has no paper _. 她没有纸写她没有纸写字？字？ When is the best time_ ?什么时

8、候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？ Do you have something_ ? 你这有喝的吗？你这有喝的吗？ I have some clothes _to write on to plant vegetables to drink to wash 动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：要的介词。例： I have no chair _.我我没

9、有椅子坐。没有椅子坐。 He has no house_ .他没有他没有房子住。房子住。to sit on to live in 5. 动词不定式作状语：动词不定式作状语：目的状语目的状语、原因状语、原因状语、结果状语等结果状语等 Mr Lee will go to Hangzhou _ the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(目的目的) They got up early _ the early bus.他他们早起去赶早班车。们早起去赶早班车。 有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例：表示强

10、调目的。例： _, he went to England. 为了学好英语，他去了英国。为了学好英语，他去了英国。to visit to catch To learn English well 6，疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式作宾语的动词作宾语的动词:可以转换成宾语从句（可以转换成宾语从句（should，can）e.g. 他不知道要去哪里。他不知道要去哪里。He didnt know where to go。=He didnt know where he should go 7作表语作表语Their duty is _ the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。他们的职责是照看动物。to l

11、ook after练一练：练一练：1. We advise parents_their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave2. The WWF is working hard _the animals in danger.A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved3. -Simon,what do I need to take for the hiking? -Youd bette

12、r_ more water than usual.Its hot today.A. to take B. take C. taking D. tookBBB6. Jenny,you should practice as often as you can_the piano competition.A. fail B to fail C,win D to win7. _enery, turn off the hot water after you take a shower.A. Save B. Saving C Saved D To save8. -Why dont you go out to

13、 play,Rose? - Im afraid I cant . I have much homework_A. do B. does C. doing D. to do9. -I often chat with my friends on the Internet.-You are so smart! Will you please tell me_.A. how to do B. how to do it C. how to use D when can I use itDDDB1. 构成：构成：动名词由动名词由“动词原形动词原形ing”构成构成2. 用法：用法：主语，宾语主语，宾语，定语

14、，表语，定语，表语考点二 动名词 1作主语作主语 ，谓语用单数，谓语用单数Playing computer games too much _(be)bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。is2作宾语作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider (考虑考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help(忍不住），忍不住），avoid（避（避开）开）, be

15、used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, keepfrom, look forward to, stopfrom, have fun等。等。e.g.Have you finished _ the book?你读完这本书了吗？你读完这本书了吗？reading1)She sat there without _ (speak) I look forward to_ (see) him again.Are you used to _ (live) there alone? When my father heard t

16、he news, he couldnt help _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ (go) to see the film. He was busy _ (prepare) his lessons主动表被动主动表被动: The room wants _ (clean). The method needs _ (improve). This pair of shoes require _ (mend). The problem needs_ (work out). The question is well worth _ (discuss)3作表语作表语The nurs

17、es job is _ the patients.护士的工作是照顾病人。护士的工作是照顾病人。4作定语作定语I often go to the _. 我经常去阅览室。我经常去阅览室。looking afterreading room区别：区别： 有些词既可接不定式又可有些词既可接不定式又可接接v.ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见的有：常见的有：(1)stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事停下来去做另外一件事stop doing sth停止做某事停止做某事、(2)try to do sth 试图试图(企图企图)做某事做某事 try doing st

18、h尝试着做某事尝试着做某事(3)forget to do sth忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事(还没做还没做)forget doing sth忘记做过了某事忘记做过了某事(已做已做)(4)remember to do sth记着要去做某事记着要去做某事 (还没做还没做)remember doing sth记得做过了某事记得做过了某事 (已做已做)(5)go on to do sth做完一件事后做完一件事后接着接着做另做另外一件不同的事外一件不同的事go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一继续做原来所做的同一件事件事(6)need doing(某事某事)需要做需要做(被动含义被动含义)n

19、eed to do 需要去做某事需要去做某事(主动含义主动含义)（7）allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事允许做某事 巩固练习：巩固练习：1. We dont allow students _(go) out on weekdays. We don;t allow_(smoke) here.to gosmking2. _about it for a moment.停下来想一会。停下来想一会。_,please. 请停止说话。请停止说话。3. Please remember _(post) my letter.请记得把我的信

20、寄走。请记得把我的信寄走。I remember_(post) your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。我记得把你的信寄出去了。4. I forget_(bring) my homework.我忘记带作业了。我忘记带作业了。 I forgot _(bring) my homework。我忘记已经把作业带来了。我忘记已经把作业带来了。Stop to thinkStop talkingto postpostingto bringbringing5. I mean_(go),but my father would not allow me to.Doing that means_(waste)

21、 time.to go wasting考点三：分词考点三：分词（一）分词的作用（一）分词的作用 现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1作定语作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun2作表语作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.Hell have his hair cut after school.达标检测：达标检测：( )1. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going( )2. Do you know th