《考点大突破》翻译答案

1、汉译英专项练习答案及解析一、从句1. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考点：主语从句）2. What con fused me most（考点：考查 what引导的主语从句。类似的关系代词包括whatever, whoever, whichever。）3. That this was done on purpose（考点：考查 that引导的主语从句。that引导的主语从句放在句首很少，只有为了强调或谓语较长时才作这样的安排。）4. who should be resp on sible for this matter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后

2、置，用it作形式主语）5. what can be done today（考点：宾语从句）6. whether they will support us（考点：whether引导宾语从句）7. that the chairma n would agree to this proposal（考点：考查 that引导的同位语从句。that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。而定语从句中的that需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。）8. the house where Lu Xun was bom （考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）9. on the day when his s

3、on arrived （考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）10. the reas on why I am in favor of this reform（考点：先行词为reas on,定语从句通常由why 弓丨导）11. which made our journey more difficult（考点：非限制性定语从句）12. most of whom were English majors（考点：考查 whom引导的非限定性定语从句。在非限定性定语从句中，which和whom通常可与of或其他介词连用。）13. As is known to all（考点：as引导的定语从句）

4、二、虚拟语气1.1 had had your opportu nities whe n I was you ng（考点：本题考查 wish后的虚拟语气。 wish通常表示没有实现或不可能实现的愿望。其后接that从句时，从句要使用过去时。在本句中，“我年轻的时候”表示从句的谓语动词是发生在过去，所以这里是表示对过去无法实现的愿望的一种虚拟，因此应该用过去完成时。表示现在无法实现的愿望时，that从句应使用一般过去时；表示将来无法实现的愿望时，应使用过去将来时。）2. he had known this disease is curable（考点：本题考查if only后的虚拟语气。if onl

5、y引导的感叹句表示“但愿"，“要是就好了"。通常使用虚拟语气，用法与wish相同。注意不要将if only与only if混淆。onlyif"只 要，只有”，引导条件状语从句。）3. pain ted it blue, and without any decorati ons(考点：本题考查 would rather 后接从句中使用的虚拟语气。 would rather+ 从句时，是一个 常用 的虚拟语气句型，谓语一般用过去时表示现在或将来，意为“宁愿，还是好些二引导从句的 that 常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。另外，would rather

6、还常用于would rather . .than. 宁愿做什么，而不愿做什么 " 。 )4. measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams( 考点：本题考查 Ifs (about/ high) time 后的从句中的虚拟语气。 It ， s (about/high) time + that 从 句，表示“该是的时候了”从句通常使用一般过去时。)5. as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly( 考点：本题考查 as if/ as though 引导的从句中

7、的虚拟语气。 as if/ as though 表示“好像，仿 佛”，后面的从句中使用虚拟语气。本句是对现在事实的虚拟，所以应用一般过去时。)6. Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now( 考点：本题考查 insist 后接从句中的虚拟语气。在英语中，表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词后的从句中谓语动词常用 should + do 的形式，其中 should 常省略。类似这样的 词还有表 示要求的 ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg ；表示 " 提议、劝告、建议”的propose, s

8、uggest,recommend, advise ；表示"决定、命令”的decide, order ；表示“主张”的maintain, urgeo)7. the mid-term exams (should) be canceled"(that) sb. (should) do"advise (advice), agree( 考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用 的虚拟形式。表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：(agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determi

9、ne (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的 这类动 词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, in

10、tend, move, pledge, pray 等 )8. we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining(考点：在ltis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用 “sbshould do"的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有 ：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, impr

11、oper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing 等)9. lf he had booked tickets in the way l told him( 考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反)10. if l had not been interrupted( 考点：考查 if 引导的虚拟条件句。 was 和“要不是”提示，本句内容与过去事实相反，if 引导与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，主句谓语用would have +动词过去分词，从句谓语应用过去完成时。“我的话

12、”是被打断的，要用被动语态。)11. he would be dead now( 考点：考查 if 引导的错综时间虚拟条件句。有些条件句主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致，这类句子叫做错综时间条件句。本句从句中的动作表示过去，但主句表达的是“现在”的意思，所以主句谓语应该是 would+ 动词原形。 )12. we could not have rent a house at such a low price ( 考点： but for 经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语 )13. otherwise, it would have taken me more time to wor

13、k out this question( 考点： otherwise 也经常作为非真实条件句中 if 的代用语 )14.1 would seize the opportu nity without hesitati on（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if,采用主谓语倒式来表示条件）15. this act would have bee n passed much earlier（考点：考查虚拟语气条件句的倒装。本句从句相当于if it had n ot been for their oppositio n,为过去完成时，故主句应用would

14、have +动词过去分词形式。）16. lest he should awake n the baby（考点：lest （以免）引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）三、倒装句1. had she falle n asleep（考点：Hardly-when ?2结构）2. had Mary arrived（考点:No sooner-than 结构）3. Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.（考点：nor表示"后者与前者一样地不.”）4. did the doctor realize that his patie nt n

15、eeded surgery（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）5. can we con clude the bus in ess（考点：考查。nly when引导的倒装结构。）四、被动语态1. is being replaced by the computer（考点：本题考查被动语态的现在进行时。句中的“正在”和“被”提示，此处应用被动语 的现在进行时，即系动词+being done by的形式。）2. can be used to dem on strate the way that cells work（考点：本题考查被动语态。所给汉语部分没有“被”等表示被动语态的标志词，但主

16、语 computer models与“用来"之间在语义上存在被动关系，所以此处也应该使用被动语态。“可 以”在此处可以使用情态动词can。）3. Effective measures must be take n immediately（考点：本题考查无主句中的语态。无主句是指没有主语的句子，这种句子的作用在于描述 作、变化等情况，而不强调“谁”或“什么”进行这一动作或发生这个变化。在本句中“谁” 采取有效措施并不是重点，所以此处应使用被动语态，强调“有效措施”。）五、时态1. the childre n had falle n asleep（考点：本题考查过去完成时。在本句中主句的

17、动作“睡着”发生在从句的动作“ got之以应用过去完成时。）2. have bee n revis ing my resume all the morning（考点：本题考查现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时通常表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续 现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。在本句中“修改”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，所 处应用现在完成进行时。）装的形前，所到 以此3. No. It has been five years since I went on holiday（考点：本题考查常用表达。英语中通常使用 It has been + 一段时间 +since sb. did sth. 表示 某人

18、 有多长时间没有做某事。）4. He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：本题考查现在完成时。句中“参军”这个动词持续了五年时间，所以此处应用现在 完 成时。句中的“五年”表示一段时间，所以谓语动词应用持续性动词 be in the army, 而不 应使用 join the armyo 考生应该注意终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的词连用。）六、比较级1. as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较）2. far uglier in London than here （考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）3. one of the b

19、est pictures that he has ever painted（考点：最高级）4. the thinner the air becomes（考点：“越越”结构）七、分词1. "Happy birthday to you" sung in Italian（考 ' 点： 分词作宾语 *卜语。 catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）2. parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语）3

20、. killing thousands upon thousands of people（考点：分词作结果状语）4. Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语）5. Deeply moved by the boy's deeds（考点：考查过去分词作原因状语。主句中的“ the y是被“打动”。）6. Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考点： 1.分词作原因状语 ;2. 分词的否定形式 ;3. 现在分词的完成式）八、动名词1. Taking

21、 a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）2. making their daughter do what she didn't like to do（考点：动名词作动词的宾语。下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式: admit, advise,allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can't help, imagine, keep, mind, miss,

22、 permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can't stand, stop, suggest ）3. getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）4. crying over spilled milk（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用： be worth, have difficulty （ in） , it be no good/use/worthwhil

23、e, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what's the point of, what's the use of ）5. having peeked at his neighbor's test paper （考点 : 动名词的完成式）6. being promoted to manager （考点：动名词的被动式） 九、不定式1. for us to have a good night 5s sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词 for + 代词 / 名词”来表 示不定式的逻辑主

24、语，这时整句的谓语描述的对 象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词 有： necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential 等）2. of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考点：有时用“介词 of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人 , 这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有 : absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, fool

25、ish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong 等）3. not to punish those students who had been late for class（考点：1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有： afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care,

26、 choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture

27、, volunteer, vow, want, wish）4. whether to visit their son in France（考点：“疑问词 +不定式”作动词 wonder 的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有 ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder 等）5. invited him to give us a lecture on modem art （考点 : 同上）（能带不定式结构

28、作宾语补语的动词有 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, t

29、empt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish 等。）6. to be the chairman of students' union in so large a university（考点：动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）7. to apply what we have learned in class to practice （考点 : 不定式作定语）（不定式常用作以下名词 / 代词的定语： ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance,

30、 curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish 等）8. American woman to explore the outer space（考点：由。 nly, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）9. to meet a high school classm

31、ate in the mountain village （考点： 不定式作原因状语）10. to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room（考点：当动词 see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留 to）十、情态动词1. something must be wrong （考点：情态动词。表示对现在发生事情的推测，而情态动词中示肯定意义的词为must。如果用 there be句型，则应为 there must be something wrong with.目本身给岀了something,贝U省去 there be,

32、用 something must be wrong with 结构。）2. couldn't have received my message （考点：情态动词表推测。表示对过去发生的某件事的定性推测用 could n't have done结构，表示"不可能）3. should be able to see （考点：情态动词表推测。 should 在此意为 "应该 "。）Ha、介词1. Despite/In spite of years of farm production troubles （考点： 表示让步的介词 。）2. Apart fro

33、m the cost （考点：表示例外和附加的介词。）3. for fear of missing the train （考点：表示原因的介词。）翻译训练一补充练习一1. but there is no answer. She can't be at home（考点：情态动词可表示可能性， can't 表示“一定不”）2. more mobile shops （should） be set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“（that） sb.（should） do ”的虚拟形式）3. to c

34、omplete a 24-story building in 10 months（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）4. raising the average yield by 15 percent（考点：考查分词作结果状语。该分词短语的逻辑主语是句子的主语the farmers,它与分词表示的动作为主动关系，故应使用现在分词。）5. whom Mary is engaged to（考点：考查 whom 引导的主语从句。主语从句是真正的主语，it 只是形式主语。）练习二1. Whatever we talk about（考点：让步状语从句）2.

35、 It was Jefferson who wrote（考点：强调句中强调主语）3. working very hard.（考点： mean 表示“意味着”）4. will have been published by the end of this year（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）表而题否之间5. is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than）练习三1. or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church（考点：将来完成时）2.1 may

36、have left them in the coffee shop yesterday（考点："情态动词can /could, may/might, must +完成式"用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判 断）3. they （should） set up a special board/committee to exam ine this problem（考点：表示"建议、命令、要求、想法"的名词所接的表语从句通常用"（that） sb. （should） do 的"虚拟形式）4. the decisi on to build a n

37、 uclear power stati on in the suburbs（考点：不定式作宾语补语）5. talk to his mother for an hour（考点：强调整个过程）练习四1. what I have been looking for（考点：表语从句）2. that it took us n early two weeks to solve it（考点：结果状语从句）3. It was because the water had rise n that（考点：强调状语从句）4. If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考点：在非

38、真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）5. is 49 times the size of the moon（考点：倍数+名词）练习五1. to be treated as a guest（考点：不定式的被动形式）2. only to break his own leg（考点：意料之外的结果）3. only to drop it on their own feet（考点：不定式作结果状语）4. whether I should ask for ano ther loa n（考点：whether引导表语从句）5. It was not un til

39、I told her that（考点：强调状语从句）练习六1. so that we might get a better view（考点：目的状语从句）2. Whether she likes the present（考点： whether 引导前置的主语从句）3. followed by two body guards（考点：过去分词强调被动）4. but play bridge the whole daydo（考点：考查不带 to 的不定式。当介词 except, but 后接不定式时，如果其前面含有行为动词 或 do 的各种形式，不定式一般不带 to 。）5. You should h

40、ave invited her to your graduation ceremony（考点：“情态动词 should/ought to + have done ”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作， 有批评的意思）练习七1. reacts three times as fast as the other one（考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）2. You must have dreamed of something terrible（考点：考查 must have done 的用法。表示推想，意为“一定”、“准是”。）3. to be standing in the doorway

41、 when he rushed in（考点：不定式的进行式）4. breaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果）5. However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him（考点：考查 however 引导的让步状语从句。）练习八1. It is with genuine feeling that the author （考点：强调状语）2. as if it happened yesterday （考点：方式状语从句）3. go to the campus bookstore to buy used books（考点

42、：不带 to 的不定式）4. plan to double their investment（考点： double + 名词）5. to see his parents in good health （考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）练习九1. whether I can count on your vote（考点： whether 引导同位语从句）2. Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）3. ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考点：考查不定式作宾语补足语。 to

43、show the film 作 ourplan 的补语。）4. my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考点：将来进行时）5.1 needn't have put on my best suit to go to the party（考点：“情态动词need n't + have + done"表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为"无须发生"，“不必做”）练习十1. wants to raise the rent by a third（考点：动词 +by+ 数词 / 百分比 / 倍数）

44、2.1 was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated（考点：考查被动语态和形容词比较级。“我”是被菜单“惊呆了”，主语为“我”，故用被 动；“价格超出了预料”即比“预料”的要高。）3. talking to his mother（考点：强调正在进行）4. whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision（考点： whether/if 引导后置的主语从句）5. as long as you promise

45、to be back before 11 at night（考点：条件状语从句）练习十一1. If I had been living in New York（考点：考查错综时间的虚拟条件句。“住在纽约”是过去的持续动作；主句中的“noW'提 示“ know the U.S. well"是现在的动作。）2. warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）3. trying to deduce its operating principle（考点：分词作伴随状语）4. to drive there, bu

46、t his car broke down（考点： mean 表示“打算'。类似需要区别的动词还有 forget, remember, regret, go on, stop 等）5. It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）练习十二1. the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：考查与将来情况相反的虚拟条件句。从句用省略了if,完整形式应为if there should beanother world war 表示将来时，则主

47、句应用 would+ 动词原形。）2. to have taken up so much of your time（考点：本题考查不定式作原因状语和不定式的完成式。因为“占用了时间'所以很抱歉；不定式的完成式为 to have done。）3. Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语）4. Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动）5. that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages（考点：同位语从句）练习十三1. Whicheve

48、r side wins（考点：考查 whichever引导的让步状语从句。）2. whe n he sold the house and left the cou ntry（考点：本题考查hardly.when."就”的用法。英语中类似的用法还有no sooner .than. ； hardly.before）3. while wome n are just work ing for the sake of work ing（考点：本题考查连词while和短语for the sake of的用法。所给汉语部分与其前的men areworking as.构成对比关系，连词 while表

49、示前后对比，符合此处要求。for the sake of通常 表示“为了起见，看在的份上”。）4. not only to his supervisors and colleagues（考点：本题考查notonly.but （also）的用法。所给汉语中的“不仅”和其后英语中的but提示，此处应该使用notonly.but （also） a不仅而且"连接两个并列的介宾短语。be polite to“对有礼貌”。）5. take adva ntage of the weeke nd to catch up on some read ing（考点：本题考查短语take advantage

50、 of 和 catch up on。take advantage of 意为“利用 ？ ？? ”； catch up on意为“赶做（应及时完成的工作）”。）练习十四1. for fear that it （should） rain（考点：本题考查 for fear that后的虚拟语气。“以防”通常可用for fear that表示，其后所接 的从句应使用虚拟语气，should常可省略。另外，“以防”还可以用lest that表示。）2. so it is with her/ it is the same with her（考点：本题考查替代。英语中通常可用so it is with sb.

51、或so it's the same with sb.表示“前 者怎么样，后者也怎么样”。）3. but that I have not lear ned to operate it（考点：本题考查句型“It is not that.but that.所给英语中的not that和所给汉语中的“而是”提示，此处应用It is not that.but that.的表达方式，表示“不是，而是 ?”。）4. discrim in ates huma ns from other an imals（考点：本题考查短语discriminate.from. o discriminate . from

52、.可以表示"把和区 分开来另外，separate . from.也可以用以表达“把和区分开”。）5.1 am by no means a poet（考点：本题考查短语 by no meanso所给汉语中的“绝对不是 "通常用by no means表达。 另 外，有关 means的其他用法还有 by means of “通过方式"，by all means “尽一切办法； 可 以；当然行“。）练习十五1. the last thi ng I want to do is hurt youthe last +2.1t goesIt goes without（考点：本题考

53、查“最不愿意”的表达方式。在英语中表达“最不愿意”通常为n.+不定式或定语从句。考生注意不要将这一表达误理解为“想做的最后一件二） without saying that school officials are permitted（考点：本题考查“不言而喻"的表达方式。在英语中表达“不言而喻"通常为say ing that. o)3. she preferred liste ning to music to watchi ng TV处应(考点：本题考查短语prefer doing to doingo根据所给汉语中的“比起，更"可知，此 使用 prefer 的相关

54、表达方式。另外，本句还可以使用 would rather do than do 或 preferto do rather than do 这表达方式，艮口 she would rather listen to music than watch TV 或 she preferred to listen to music rather than watch TV ）4. John still hasn't got down to preparing for the meeting（考点：本题考查短语 get down to o get down to 意为“着手做，开始做”，其中 to 为

55、介词， 后 接名词或动名词 o ）5. whether/if it can completely take the place of a computer（考点：本题考查短语 take the place of。” 取代”可以用 take the place of sth.或 take sb./ sths place 来表达，所以“取代电脑”可以用 take the place of a computer, 也可以用 take a computer's place,只是第一种表达方式更加地道。）练习十六1 .There being no further business to disc

56、uss（考点：本题考查独立主格结构。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。独立主格结构与主句之间不使用任何连接词。在本句中所给汉语和所给英语都有完整的主谓成分，而句中只有逗号将其隔开，句号并不具有连接两个句子的功能，所以此处应使用独立主格结构。）2. with a book in his hand（考点：本题考查 with 引导的独立主格结构。所给汉语很明显在句子中充当的是伴随状语, 所以应用 with 引导的独立主格结构。）3. have been used to living a simple life（考点：本题考查现在完成时和 be used to doingo

57、 所给汉语中的“已经”“过惯了”提示， 本句应该使用现在完成时，表示一直持续的状态。“习惯于做某事”通常用be/get used to doing sth.来表达。另外， be accustomed to sth./ doing sth. 也能表示“习惯做某事”。关于 used 还有 used to do sth.这一用法，表示“过去常常做某事”。）4. you might as well be happy（考点：本题考查might as well的用法。might/ may as well意为"最好还是"，与had better的意思一致。另外 , might as well 还可用于指过去的情况或用于比较两个令人不愉快的情况，）5. have difficulty in making clear what the speaker is saying（考点：本题考查 have difficulty（ in ） doing sth. “有困难做某事”在英语中通常用 it is difficultto do sth.来表达，其中it是形式主语，不定式短语才是真正的主语。但本句中所给英语部分的主语是 many stu