中考语法专题之介词的用法

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第五篇知识大闯关介词：表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。考 点 一时间介词. 基本用法（1）at, in & on 介词 用法例词/句at用于钟点、中午、夜晚、拂晓、黄昏等词前面。at five oclock 5点时 noon 在中午at night 在晚上at supper 在晚饭时, his birthday 在他生日的时候用在一些固定短语中。at the beginning of 在开始at the end of 在末尾at the time 同时at the of 在岁时in用在表示世纪、年代、年份、季节、月份等的名词前；用

2、在不特定的上午、下午、晚上或白天等词前。in the twenty-first century 在21世纪in the 在19世纪80年代in the winter 1983在1983年冬天in March 在三月in the morning 在早上 in Spring 在春天用在表示年龄段的数词前。in his 在他50多岁时后面接一段时间，表示“在之后”，多用于将来时。We are going to Guangzhou two days. 我们准备两天内去广州。on强调具体的某一天如日期、星期。on May 10th 在5月10日on Monday 在星期一具体某一天的上午、中午或晚上。

3、the morning of August 8 在8月8日早上on cold morning 在一个寒冷的早上用在 前。 Teachers Day 在教师节知识小拓展:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我将去北京。 【例1】A terrible earthquake hit Yaan. Sichuan Province _ the morning _ April 20. A. in; in B. at; on C. on; of D. i

4、n; of 【例2】The accident happened _ a cold winter early morning. A. in B. at C. on D. for （2）since, for & from 介词用法例句since指从某时一直延续至今。后跟过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子，常与完成时连用。I have taught in No.12 middle school _ I finished college in 1989. for指动作延续、贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。I have _ this book for a long time.

5、 from说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来等时态。From now on, I will learn English in the evening. 【例3】 Im looking after Tom today. Hes been in my house _ 8:00 this morning. A. at B. for C. since D. till （3）by, until / till, during, after & before 介词用法例句by后跟时间点，意为“到之前为止”，常用于将来时和完成时中。如果by后跟的是过去的时间点，则与过去完成时连用。How man

6、y English words _ you_ by last term? until / till后跟时间点，用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词；用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词。He will wait for you until / till you comes. She didnt know me until / till last week. during后跟时间段，意为“在期间”，常与延续性动词连用，表示某个期间的动作。We will visit Qingdao _ this summer vacation. afterafter

7、后既可以跟时间段，也可以跟时间点，意为“在后”。后跟时间段时表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，常用于过去时；后跟时间点时，表示将来的某个时间之后，常用于将来时Mary _ back from the library after two hours. Sally _ in Guangzhou after 9:00. before在之前。My mother always goes to work before 7:00. 知识小拓展 (1)“after 时间段”与“时间段later”可互换。如：He came back after an hour.He came back an hour late

8、r.他一小时后就回来了。 after 和before 在某些情况下，句子中会用到过去完成时。如： Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.（2）ago 是副词，意为“以前”，表示从现在起到过去某一时间点之前的时间。与 before 不同，它不能与表示时间点的状语连用，只能与表示时间段的状语连用，放在表示时间段的名词之后，一般只用于过去时态。如：I met him three years ago.我三年前见过他。（3）其他时间介词1）to，past，pass表时间的区别 to介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”。如:ten

9、 to seven(650) past介词，小于30分钟时，表示“过”。 如:ten past six(610) pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。 2）between与from . to .的区别between强调在两者之间；from . to . 意为“从到”，强调时间段。如：Tom does his homework between 7:00 and 9:00. 汤姆7点到9点之间做作业。（7点到9点之间的某个时间段在做，不一定一直在做）Tom does his homework from 7:00 to 9:00. 汤姆从7点到9点做

10、作业。(从7点到9点一直在做)【例4】Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here. A. after B. during C. with D. since 【例5】I had too much work to do last night, I didnt go to bed _ 11 oclock. A. inB. until C. for D. since考 点 二地点介词.基本用法(1)at, on, in&to介词用法例词/句at在（里面或附近）。可用于小地点前；可用于地址、邮箱地址前；

11、可用于表示“在前/后”；还可用于一些固定短语中。at the door 在门口at the table 在桌子旁 No.2, Beijing Road 在北京路2号at the back of 在后面on在上。可以用来表示“紧邻”；可用于路名前；用来表示“在左/右”；还可以用于一些固定短语中。Canada lies on the north of the U.S. Li Ping is my left. on Bridge Street 在大桥街on the team（在队里，成为队里的一员）in在里。可以用来表示“包含”；可以用来表示“在排/行/组”；可用于较大的地点前，如大城市、国家、洲等

12、；还可以用于一些固定短语中。Beijing is the north of China. We are Team One. 我们在一队。My uncle lives in Guangzhou. in the front of 在前面To（toward）向；朝；至；达。用来表示目的地或去的目的；常与动词原形构成动词不定式。Will you take a train Tianjin? 【例6】- How can I get more information about the donation to Yaan? -You can email Mr. Wang _ yaanearthquake. A

13、. on B. in C. at D. by 【例7】- Excuse me. Could you tell Tae the way to the Peoples Hospital? -Walk along this street _ the end and youll find it on your left. A. in B. to C. by D. at .同义词辨析 （1）over，above&on介词 用法 例句 over在正上方。表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系。 Is there any bridge over the river? above高于。表示一物比另一物高，但不是垂

14、直的上下关系，且两者不接触。A family photo is above his bed.on在上。表示一物放在另一物的上面，两者必须接触。Theres a book on the table. （2）. in有时也可以用来表示“在上”，但区别于on。在树上in the tree指非树木本身的一部分的人或物在树上There are many apples the tree. A bird the tree is picking an apple.on the tree指树木本身的一部分（如叶子等）在树上 在墙上in the wall 指镶嵌在墙内，如门窗、钉子等There is a cloc

15、k the wall and windows are the wallon the wall 指在墙的表面上，如地图、照片、画像等 在报纸上in the newspaper 指报纸的内容There is a piece of important news in the newspaper.He put the pen on the newspaper.on the newspaper 指放在报纸表面上的其他物品（3）under & below 介词用法例句under在正下方，与over相对。My new bike is under the tree. below在的下面，低于，与abo

16、ve相对。Please dont write below this line. 知识小拓展：表示“温度在度以上用above，表示“温度在度以下”用below。【例8】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays _ zero. A. up B. down C. above D. below （4）over, across & through 介词用法例句over 越过。强调从表面越过。The plane flew over the river. across穿过，横过。即“从一头到另一头，从

17、一边到另一边”，强调从表面穿过。She went across the street to make some purchases. through穿过，纵穿。即“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过”。The sunlight was coming in through the window. 知识小拓展：over放在数词前时，意为“超过，大于，多于”。【例9】-Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? -Only if you are _ eighteen. A. over B. on C. under D. below【例10】Sam likes trekking _ the

18、 jungle, because he thinks its exciting. A. over B. under C. across D. through 【例11】Mrs. King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A. over B. with C. behind D. beside （5）on, in & to 介词用法例句in在。表示“在某范围内”，两者为包含关系。Guangdong is the south of China. on在。表示“毗邻，接壤”，两者为并列关系。Guangdong is the ea

19、st of Guangxi. to在。表示“在某范围外”，两者为并列关系。South Korea is the east of China. （6）between & among 介词用法例句between在之间。用于两者之间，常与and连用。There are many trees and flowers the two buildings. among在之间。用于三者或三者以上之间。Our teacher sits my classmates in the picture. 【例12】The workers will build a new railroad _ the two c

20、ities. A. since B. between C. as D. during （7）in front of & in the front of 介词用法例句in front of在前面。强调在物体的外部的前方。与behind 是反义词Theres a young lady in front of the bus. in the front of在前面。强调在物体的内部的前部。与at the back of 是反义词Theres a young lady in the front of the bus. before在.前面和in front of 通用。He sits befo

21、re me.（8）after & behind 介词用法例句after在之后。强调先后顺序。Please come into the room after me. behind在后面。强调方向和位置的前后关系。The hospital is behind the post office. 考 点 三方式介词.基本用法（1）by, in & on (表交通方式) 易混词用法例句by与交通工具连用时，交通工具前不用任何限定词。Mr. White goes to work by every day. in与交通工具连用时，交通工具前用限定词。Whos the man _ the ca

22、r? onI often go to school _ my bike. （2）by, in & with (表手段或工具) 易混词用法例句by表示用某种方式或手段时，名词前不加冠词；若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。Mr. White goes to work by car every day. in表示使用某种语言或材料，名词前不加冠词。Can you tell a story in English? with后跟具体的工具。You can write it down with my pen. 【例13】You can improve your English _ practic

23、ing more. A. by B. with C. of D. in 考 点 四其他介词.基本用法介词用法例句against表示“反对”“违背”，其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般与副词 strongly搭配。 They are strongly _ the idea. beyond表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为所不能及”。 His bad behavior is beyond a joke. aboutabout“关于”，多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况。 What is your excuse about your being late ?like意为“像

24、一样”，用于说明相似关系，实际上不是。 He talked to me like my father. as意为“作为，以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词。 We chose him as captain of our team. except表示“除之外（不包括在内）”，是从整体中除去一部分，常和否定代词和概括性代词连用。We are all here _ Li Ming. besides除之外(还) （包括在内）We learn English _ Chinese. beside在.旁边，强调靠近Who's the girl beside the boy?by在.旁边，与b

25、eside 同义We live by the river.near在.旁边，比by 和beside 距离远Is there a hospital near here？into“往里（进、蹦、跳）去”，常和动词连用。 Many frogs jumped into the lake. out of表示“从.里面出来”The hare come out of its cave.with表示伴随，意为“和；关于；带有；戴眼镜、假发等”She lives with her parents. without表示“没有”，用作状语。 He left without saying a word. for表示目

26、的，意为“为了”。 句型：it is +adj +for sb to do sth Lets go for a walk. of的（表所属关系）可放在最高级结构中。后接数词或者可数名词复数句型：it is +adj +of sb to do sth This is a friend of mine. Tom is the tallest boy of the four.along表示“沿着，顺着”。 Weve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river off表示“离开，脱离”。 Keep off the grass. 【

27、例14】-Whos that man _ sunglasses? -Hes Jack Ding. Ive just got an autograph from him. A. on B. for C. of D. with 【例15】We are planning to have a surprise party _ her fifteenth birthday. A. at B. in C. for D. with 【例16】Students shouldnt go to school _ breakfast. Its bad for their health. A. with B. wit

28、hout C. for D. by 【例17】_ her husband, she has now become a famous film star. A. Because B. Thanks to C. Thanks for D. With the help 【例18】Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them. A. except B. including C. among D. with 【例19】Its time _ the weather report.Tur

29、n on the radio, please. A. to B. in C. at D. for 考 点 五介词的固定搭配.介词与名词的常见搭配(易错&重点）at first 首先at least 至少at work 在上班at times 有时at last 最后at the age of 在岁时at the same time 同时at the foot of 在脚下at the end of在.终点at dinner在吃正餐at noon 在中午by the end of 在末尾by the way 顺便问问by hand 用手工in common 共同的in the end =

30、finally最后in time 及时in the daytime 在白天in danger 处在危险中in style 时髦的in fact 事实上in general 一般来说in a hurry 匆忙in a low voice低声地in silence 不作声in trouble 处于困境中in surprise 惊奇地in a word 总而言之in the distance在远方in public 公开地on duty 值日，值班on show 展出，展览on time 按时on the phone在电话里on the radio通过无线电out of work 失业on the

31、weekends 在周末on the weekdays工作日on the left在左边out of style 过时的the key / answer to 的答案to one's surprise 使人吃惊的是for some reason 由于原因out of breath 上气不接下气on foot 步行thanks to多亏了thanks for为而感谢with a smile带着微笑【例20】 Do you know Mo Yan? Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature _ the age of 57.

32、 A. in B. at C. on D. to 【例21】Dont ask him to study too late into the night. _, he is only a small child. A.As a result B. After all （毕竟） C. Best of all D. For example 【例22】- Maybe you should call him up. -But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone. A. on B. at C. in D. with . 介词与动词的常见搭配 (易错&重

33、点）agree with 同意ask sb for sth 向要be made +介词类be used+介词类borrow from 从借lend to 借给get on / off 上/下车succeed in doing 成功做某事complain about 抱怨depend on 依靠，依赖do busin ess 经商get ready for 为准备hear of / about 听说hear from 收到来信keep off 不接近look forward to doing盼望learn from 向学习talk with/to 和交谈provide with 提供给run o

34、ut of 用完remind . of 使想起talk about 讨论take pride in 以而自豪compare . to/with比喻；与比较think about 考虑think of 认为，想到send for 派人去请die of/from死于.give in 投降set off 动身出发speak to 对某人说pass on 传递【例23】 Catherine got married _ a policeman twenty years ago. A. with B. for C. to D. by【例24】-Id like a cup of black coffee.

35、What about you, Maggie? -I prefer coffee _ sugar. A. than B. for C. with D. to 【例25】Ann often helps me _ maths after school. A. for B. with C. on D. by . 介词与形容词的常见搭配 (易错&重点）be angry with 生的气be full of 充满be filled with被充满be famous for 以著名be famous as 作为而出名be absent from 缺席，不在be mad/angry at 生的气be

36、 pleased with 对满意be tired of 对.厌倦be polite to 对有礼貌be strict with sb 对要求严格be strict in sth对要求严格different from 不同于be satisfied with 满意be surprised at 惊奇catch up with跟上have nothing to do with 与.无关be popular with 受某人欢迎give a lesson to sb 给.一个教训go to the cinema 看电影知识小拓展：（1）“动词+介词”有look after，look like，ta

37、lk with，hear from等宾语可放在介词后面。 “动词+副词”有put on ，take off， write down， try on 等当宾语为名词可放在副词的前或后， 当宾语为代词时只能放在动词和副词之间。 （2）to 既是介词，也是动词不定时符号。下列情况为介词，后面跟名词或者动词ing 形式 熟记：pay attention to, make a contribution to, get used to, prefer doing to doing, look forward to, stick to【例26】If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure. A.