牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第11讲-语法复习及阅读

1、.教育1对3辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科老师：年 级：八年级 辅导科目：英语 授课日期时 间主 题语法复习及阅读学习目的1.复习前面所学语法重点难点及常考考点，到达纯熟掌握和灵敏运用；2.在阅读中积累词汇短语及句型并灵敏迁移到写作中去。教学内容1、 上次课后稳固作业复习； 2、 互动探究。1. 这个标志的含义是什么？2. 这个标志有何含义？A. 禁止左转B. 此路不通C. 禁止通行D. 超高绕行3. 这个标志有何含义？A. 立体交叉直行和右转弯行驶 B. 立体交叉直行和左转弯行驶C. 直行和左转弯行驶D. 直行和右转弯行驶4. 这个标志有何含义？A. 禁止借道B. 禁止变道C. 禁止超车 D. 禁

2、止掉头Read and find out some useful information.There are more and more people and more and more cars.Traffic is a big problem in many cities around the world. Traffic is especially bad during rush hour - the time when people go to work or school and the time when they go home.Many people take buses, s

3、ubways, or trains to work, but many other people drive their cars. As a result, the streets are very busy, and traffic is very bad. Many cities are trying to solve their traffic problems. Some cities are building more roads. Other cities are expanding their bus and subway systems.Many cities are try

4、ing to reduce the number of cars on the their roads. Some highways have carpool lanes for cars with two, three, or more people. In some cities, people drive their cars only on certain days of the week. For example, in Athens, people with license plate numbers ending in 0 through 4 drive on some days

5、, and people with numbers ending in 5 through 9 drive on other days.Every day around the world, more and more people drive to and from work in more and more cars. As a result, traffic is a global problem.I. reading and speakingReadingModern Transportation知识名称：阅读理解【知识梳理1】Like underground systems all

6、around the world, there are two main rules on the London Underground: Please mind the gap and please give up your seat to a person carrying a child or heavy luggage. But Londons 150-year-old underground system is a little bit different 1 there are also another two rules: Never look at others and don

7、t get too close to the other passengers. If you do any of these things, you will break 2 , and the whole carriage车厢 will look at in an unfriendly way. On the London Underground, people do not talk to one another, nor look at one another. If they have to look at each other, they will 3 faster than yo

8、u can say duibuqi. Passengers usually keep some distance away from the others. In crowded carriages people will stand near the door at station stops, so the carriage looks full when actually there is plenty of 4 . There is no pushing yourself in as Beijing subway passengers do. The biggest problem c

9、omes with getting a seat, and some people in England even explain how to get a seat on the Internet. If you are lucky enough to find yourself sitting in one of the few seats 5 wants, you will catch the attention of the whole carriage, so you cant win. Sometimes the train driver will make a joke over

10、 the loud speaker, saying something like, “How is everyone getting on in there? A few people will smile and realize that how strange the Underground environment is. 6 , it will be back to the basic rules as soon as this moment passes,: No eye contact, no touching, no getting into personal space and

11、no standing on the left. 1. A althoughB when C becauseD if2. A the friendshipB the balanceC the carriageD the darkness3. A look awayB set offC jump up D fall asleep4. A airB roomC moneyD information5. A the driverB a touristC everybodyD nobody6. A In additionB InsteadC BesidesD However【知识梳理2】The Spr

12、ing Festival is the most important time for Chinese people to go home. People around China will t 1 by train 235 million times during the Spring Festival rush. For many people, getting a ticket during this time is a big problem every year. But in 2019, things may get better.The government has worked

13、 hard to s 2 the ticket problem. There are many new ways for passengers to buy their tickets this year. Other than go to the train stations, people can log onto the website 12306. en or call 95105105 to get their tickets.Passengers wishing to buy train tickets from January 1, 2019 on will have to sh

14、ow identification 身份证明 a 3 the country. Adults can use ID cards or passports when buying tickets. Children under 16 who are taller than 1.5 m can also use student identification cards and household register 户口. Verification 证明 from a 1 4 police station works for kids, too.Under the real-name system,

15、 passengers will get tickets with their names and ID numbers printed on them. Part of the ID number is hidden to p 5 passengers' personal information.Miss Li, a teacher from Minzu University of China, is in charge of buying train tickets for students. He feels it's e 6 to buy tickets under t

16、he real-name system than before. "We successfully got tickets for 98 percent of students this year, last year we only got 85 percent," he said. However, the new system also faces challenges. Passengers now have to get to train stations earlier than before to have their identities checked.

17、What's more, passengers need to look after their tickets carefully, so their personal information will not get into the wrong h 7 .II.语法复习【知识梳理1】 时间状语从句连词时态用法例句when主句：过去进展时从句：一般过去时Ø My father was reading newspapers when I arrived home.Ø It was raining hard when we arrived.while从句：进展时&#

18、216; He fell asleep while he was doing his homework. Ø While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.since主句：如今完成时从句：一般过去时句型：It is +一段时间+since+ 从句一般过去时Ø I have made plenty of friends since I came to Shanghai.Ø It is five years since he left school.主将从现：(not) until

19、, till, as soon as, when, before, after【稳固练习】1. Before the bridge _, the local people had to reach the other side by ferry.A. is built B. will be built C. was built D. has been built2. Mr. Black has made many Chinese friends _ he came to China.A. before B. until C.as soon as D. since3. We have been

20、good friends _we joined the same singing group. A. until B. when C. since D. though4. Will you help him _ you see an old man lying in the middle of the street? A. thoughB. when C. becauseD. unless5. Henry will give us a report as soon as he _.A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive6. The

21、 brave girl caught a woman thief while she _ at the underground station. A. stole B. steals C. was stealing D. has stolen7. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games.A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing8. _ you have been in Beijing for many years, you must be qui

22、te familiar with the city. A. While B. Since C. When D. Unless9. When they got to the airport, their flight _off. A. took B. had taken C. takes D. has taken 10. I won't believe the five-year-old boy can read so many words _ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until【知识梳理2】其他状语从句状语

23、从句连词用法特点条件状语从句if, as long as, unless主将从现，主祈从现，主情从现结果状语从句so/suchthat=tooto=enough to原因状语从句because, as ,since不与 “so 连用让步状语从句though, although不与 “but 连用² You can stay to dinner if you like.² Unless England improve their game they're going to lose the match. ² She was too angry to spea

24、k. =She was so angry that she couldn't speak. ² Many families break up because of a lack of money. ² Though they lack official support they continue their struggle.【稳固练习】1. I cant understand the sentence _ there are no new words in it. A. if B. until C. though D. because 2. The police

25、asked _ we saw anybody break into the house to steal things. A. who B. if C. what D. where3. I am afraid you won't get the job _ you're the best. A. if B. as soon as C. because D. unless4. This English-English dictionary cost me a lot, _ it's really useful for me. A.so B. nor C. or D. bu

26、t5. I have something important to discuss with Tim. I will wait for Tim _ he gets back. A.as B. until C. when D. after6. If Tony isnt careful enough with his lesson, more mistakes _ later. A.have madeB. will makeC have been madeD. will be made7. If it _ tomorrow, we will have a picnic in the park. A

27、. don't rain B. didn't rain C. won't rain D. doesn't rain8. Do you know if he_ to play football with us? I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; isD. will come; will be 9. When the traffic accident _, I was walking with my friend by the

28、 road.A. happens B. happened C. would happenD. had happened10. _ I have been to Italy several times, I know a lot about it.A. If B. Although C. As D. Unless【知识梳理3】代词代词考点解析例句oneselfhelp oneself to; enjoy oneself² The children enjoyed themselves playing in the water.² Help yourselves to the

29、cakes, everyone.something/ anyone/ everybody不定代词+ 形容词adj.; 其后动词用单数形式² There's nothing interesting on the front page.² There's something wrong with the TV.that/those比较级句型² The weather in Shanghai is wetter than that in Beijing.² People is Shanghai earn more than those in C

30、hengdu.other, others, anotheronethe other =2someothersother+名词=othersanother+可数名词单数/时间段² Mr. White has two sons. One son went to live in Australia and the other one was killed in a car crash.² Some people came by car, others came on foot.² Mr. Smith and Mrs. Jones and three other teac

31、hers were there.² This pen doesn't work can you give me another one?² In another two weeks it'll be finished.both/neither/ eitherbothand 动词复数形式neithernor 动词就近原那么eitheror 动词就近原那么² Both his brother and sister are married.² Neither the TV nor the video actually works.²

32、Either English or Russian is not difficult for me.【稳固练习】1. A friend is _ that we can depend on when we are in trouble. A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody2. The twins and their mother were very tired, but _of them would stop for a rest. A. both B. neither C. none D. either3. The lady over

33、there is a friend of _. We work in the same company. A. my B. me C. he D. his4. Why not try some _ activities if you are tired of running? A. other B. the other C. others D. the others5. The Junior Three students had sports in the playground this morning. Some played basketball, _ practiced running.

34、 A. the other B. another C. the others D. others6. I'm too sleepy to go on reading, I'd better have_ cup of coffee. A. other B. the other C. another D. others7. Mary had _ a raincoat _an umbrella. So she had to wait until the rain stopped yesterday. A. neither.nor B. either.orC. not only.but

35、 also D. both.and8. My deskmate Flora's handwriting is much better than _.A. me B. mine C. I D. my9. The laptop doesn't belong to_, it's _.A. I , hers B. my, her C. mine, her D. me, hers10._ Auntie Jane _ her children likes playing bridge.A. Neither, nor B. Not only, but alsoC. Both, and

36、 D. /, as well as【知识梳理4】句型转换考点解析解题策略例句反义疑问句前否后肯；前肯后否hardly, never, rarely, seldom, little, few² It rarely rains so heavily in summers, does it?² There is little milk in the fridge, is there?² There is a little kitty in the garden, isnt there?感慨句What +a/an +形容词+名词+主语+谓语!How +形容词/副词+主语+

37、谓语！² _ beautiful our school looks in spring!² _ slowly the old man walked!² _ _exciting trip we had last weekend!宾语从句引导词陈述句语序主句过去；从句相应过去时态² I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.² He told me that the letters had been mailed already.² I dont think we need t

38、o waste much time on it.ifnot=unless “除非² Follow the green signs unless you have goods to declare/if you haven't any goods to declare.tooto=sothat not= not +反义形容词+enough to do² Those shoes are too small for me to wear.=Those shoes are so small that I cant wear them.=Those shoes are not

39、 big enough for me to wear.bothand反义词：neithernor, 其后动词就近原那么² Both his brother and sister are married.² Neither his brother nor sister is married.表示“花费spend, take, cost, paycost-cost-cost² The final project cost me 2 hours to finish.=I spent 2 hours on the final project/ in finishing t

40、he final project.=It took me 2 hours to finish the final project.【稳固练习】1. Your brother hardly has sports such as football and basketball. 改为反意疑问句Your brother hardly has sports such as football and basketball, _ _?2. It is interesting to have a barbecue in the suburbs in autumn. 改为感慨句_ _ interesting

41、thing to have a barbecue in the suburbs in autumn! 3. Joyce and her editors haven't decided when they will have a competition. 改为简单句 Joyce and her editors haven't decided_ _ have a competition.4. Jacky said to me, "Pass me the salt, please." 保持句意根本不变 Jacky told me to_ the salt to_.

42、5. Take the maglev train, or you will be late for the plane. 保持句意不变 You_ be late for the plane_ you take the maglev train.6. I will call the police if that noise doesnt stop soon. 保持句意根本不变 I will call the police_ that noise _soon. 7. It was too cold for the driver to get the engine started. 保持句意根本不变

43、 It was _ cold that the driver _ get the engine started.8. Both my sister and I like reading comic strips. 改为否认句 _ of us reading comic strips.9. The removal man put the washing machine next to the fridge.改为否认句The removal man_ _ the washing machine next to the fridge.10. Chang'e II Rocket travell

44、ed to the moon at the speed of 7.9 kilometers per second. 划线提问_ _ did Chang'e II Rocket travel to the moon?根底题：1. The Oxford English Dictionary is _useful tool for us to learn English. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. If you buy this mobile phone, you can get the earphone _free. A. forB. with C. in D. b

45、y3. Ben, show me your _hand. Whats in it?A. the otherB. another C. other D. others 4. My daughter only ate a little _and some milk for breakfast this morning. A. milk B. bread C. noodle D. cookie 5. Its _to know the customs of the country before you go there. A. awful B. harmfulC. carefulD. helpful6

46、. Living in the new house on Kennedy Road is _than in the poor old one. A. comfortableB. more comfortable C. less comfortableD. the most comfortable7. To be a good player, Nick practices _the ball into the net every day. A. throwB. to throwC. thrownD. throwing 8. Mr. Smith had an important meeting j

47、ust now, _?A. did heB. had heC. didnt heD. hadnt he9. Stella gave a lot of money to the charity _she was not very rich. A. if B. sinceC. though D. because10. My cousin _to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower three times by last month. A. has beenB. has gone C. had been D. had gone11. Many people think the p

48、op song Gangnam Style sounds _, but others dont like it at all. A. wonderfullyB. terriblyC. wonderful D. terrible12. Cars and buses _stop when the lights turn yellow according to the new traffic law. A. mustB. mustntC. needD. neednt 13. Yesterday the teacher warned the students _out to play because

49、of the heavy smog. A. goB. to goC. not goD. not to go14. While my father _through the evening paper, a stranger came into the dining room. A. lookedB. was lookingC. had lookedD. would look 15. I cant answer your question because I know _about the subject. A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little16. Jackys

50、 mother was surprised to see her son _all the food on the table quickly. A. eat upB. look upC. take upD. give up17. _fine weather it is! Lets have a picnic in the park. A. HowB. What C. What a D. What an18. A: _did you visit the Movie Park in Hollywood?B: For about three hours. A. How long B. How of

51、ten C. How soon D. How far19. Could you tell me _late for the meeting yesterday?A. why were you B. why you were C. why are you D. why you are 20. -The sweater is too large. Would you mind showing me a smaller one?-_. Here you are. A. All right. B. Thats a good idea. C. Yes, please. D. Of course not. II. Give the following words suitable forms1. Who is your _ teacher? physical2. Their fathers _ made them cry. die 3. The rescue team _ in saving the lives of the drowning people in the sea. success4. His _is to become prime minister is likely to be real