unit 6 课文注解加翻译

1、Unit 6 "Don't ever mark(作记号) in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians(图书管理员) and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve(保护) its physical appearance(外表), marking it properly will grant(承认,授予) you the own

2、ership(所有权) of the book in the true sense of the word(真正意义上地) and make it a part of yourself.“不要在书上做记号！”无数教师、图书管理员和家长都曾这样建议。但是莫蒂默 艾德勒并不同意。他认为只要你拥有这本书而且不需要保护它的外观，做记号将会让你真正意义上拥有这本书并且使它成为你的一部分。HOW TO MARK A BOOK怎样在书上做记号 Mortimer J. Adler You know you have to read "between the lines(体会字里行间的言外之意)&qu

3、ot; to get the most out of anything(最有效的使用,发挥最大功效). I want to persuade(说服) you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient(有效率的) kind of reading. 你知道读书要“深入字里

4、行间”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同样重要的事情。我想劝你“在字里行间写字”。不这样做，你的读书就不可能是最有效的。 You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have

5、 to buy them.你不应该在不是你自己的书上做记号。借给你书的图书管理员 (或你的朋友) 希望你保持书的整洁，再说你也应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做记号颇有益处这番话是对的话，你就得自己买书。 There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right(财产权) you establish(建立) by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture(家具). 一个人拥有书的方法有两种，第一种是花钱取得财产所有权，就

6、像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。But this act of purchase is only the prelude(序幕,前奏曲) to possession(拥有). Full ownership(所有权) comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. 但花钱买书只是占有它的前奏。只有在你将它化为你自己的一部分之后，你才完全占有了它。而把你自己变为书的一部分的最好方法就是在书中写字。 An illu

7、stration(说明,例证) may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak(牛排) and transfer(转移) it from the butcher's(屠夫,肉铺) icebox(冰箱) to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense(在最重要的意义上) until you consume(消费,吃光) it and get it into your bloodstream(血液). I am arguing that books

8、, too, must be absorbed(吸收) in your bloodstream(血液) to do you any good. 打个比方也许可以把这一点说清楚。你买下一块牛排，把它从肉铺的冰箱里转移到你的冰箱中。但从最重要的意义上来说，你还没有占有它，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液之中。我的论点是，书的营养也只有在被吸收进你的血液中时，才能对你有所裨益。 There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets(全部标准的成套书) and best-sellers(畅销书) - unre

9、ad, untouched. (This individual(个人) owns wood-pulp(木(纸)浆) and ink, not books.) 书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人藏有全部标准的成套书和畅销书-既没有读过，也没有碰过。(这位占有的只是纸浆和油墨，而不是书。)The second has a great many books - a few of them read through, most of them dipped into(浏览、稍加探究), but all of them as clean and shiny(发光的,光亮的) as the day they

10、 were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained(抑制,控制,约束) by a false respect for their physical appearance.) 第二种人藏书很多-有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。（此君很可能想使书真的为其所有，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。）The third has a few books or many - every one of them dog-eared(书页卷角的) an

11、d dilapidated(破旧的), shaken and loosened(松开的) by continual use, marked and scribbled(乱涂乱写的) in from front to back. (This man owns books.) 第三种人藏书或多或少-因不断使用，每本书都弄成书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉页至末页画满了记号，涂满了字句。（此人是书的真正拥有者。） Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve(保护,保存) intact(完整无损的) a beautifully print

12、ed book, an elegantly(优美地,雅致地) bound(装订) edition(版本) Of course not. I'd no more scribble(乱写乱画) all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost(失乐园)" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons(蜡笔) and an original (最初的,原著的)Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue(雕像).此句中的 no m

13、ore.than.(同.一样,也不会去做;不.也不.)你或许会问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗当然不是。我决不会在一本初版的失乐园上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的婴孩任意涂抹一样! 我决不会在一幅油画或一尊塑像上画记号。Its soul, so to speak(可以说), is inseparable(不能分离的) from its body. And the beauty of a rare(罕见的) edition or of a richly(装饰精美地) manufactured(人造的) volume(书籍的卷,册) is l

14、ike that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent(华丽的,宏伟的) binding(装订) or printing gets in the way(挡道、碍事), buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. 可以说，它们的灵魂与其躯体是不可分开的。一部珍本或一本装帧华美的书的美，同一幅油画或一尊塑像的美是一样的。如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那就买一种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。 Why is marking

15、up a book indispensable(必不可少的) to reading First, it keeps you awake(清醒的). (And I don't mean merely conscious(有意识的,神志清醒的); I mean wide awake.) 为什么在书上做记号对阅读是必不可少的呢首先，它会使你保持清醒。（我不是仅仅指它让你神志清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。） In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express it

16、self in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through(彻底全面的思考) book. 其次，如果阅读是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而思考常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达。作了记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书。Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop(发展,扩展) these three points. 最

17、后，写可以帮助你记住你阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。让我进一步就这三点谈一谈。 If reading is to accomplish(完成) anything more than(不只是) passing time, it must be active. 如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动。 you can't let your eyes glide(滑动) across the lines of a book and come up with(想出,提出) an understanding of what you have read. 仅仅让你的眼睛在

18、书上扫视一遍，你就不可能对所读的内容有所理解。Now an ordinary piece of light fiction(轻小说,消遣小说), like, say, "Gone with the Wind(飘)," doesn't require the most active kind of reading. 当然，一部普通的消遣小说，譬如说飘，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation(以一种放松的状态), and nothing i

19、s lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises(提出) and tries to answer great fundamental(基础的,根本的) questions, demands(要求) the most active reading of which you are capable(有能力的). 作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。You don't absorb(吸收)

20、the ideas of John Dewey(约翰 杜威) the way you absorb the crooning(低声吟唱) of Mr. Vallee(瓦利先生). You have to reach for(伸手去抓,努力争取) them. That you cannot do while you're asleep. 你不能像欣赏瓦利先生的低声吟唱那样，学到约翰 杜威的思想。你得花费气力方可获得。漫不经心是做不到这一点的。 If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with yo

21、ur notes, you know that you read actively. 如果当你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道你的阅读是积极的了。The most famous active reader of great books(伟大的书籍) I know is President(校长)Hutchins, of the University of Chicago(芝加哥大学). He also has the hardest(累人的)schedule(日程安排) of business activities(商务活动) of any man I know. 我所知道的最

22、有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人，是芝加哥大学的校长哈钦斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。He invariably(始终如一地) read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of(代替,不是) making intelligent(智慧的) notes, drawing what he calls "caviar(鱼子酱) factories" on the margins(页边空白). Whe

23、n that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he's too tired to read, and he's just wasting time.他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处画些他称之为“鱼子酱工厂”的东西，一出现这种情况，他就放下书本。他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪费时间。 But, you may ask, why is writing necessary Well, the physical act(身体的动作) of writing,

24、with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply(鲜明地) before your mind and preserves(保存) them better in your memory. To set down(记下) your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised(提出) in your mind, is to preserve(保存) those reactions and sh

25、arpen(加剧,使敏锐) those questions. 但是，你或许会问，写有何必要呢要知道，亲手书写的动作会使词语和句子更加鲜明地呈现在你的脑海里，更好地储存在你的记忆中。将你对所读的重要词语和句子的感受写下来，将它们在你脑子里引起的问题记下来，就可以将这些感受长久保存下来，并可以使那些问题更加明确起来。 You can pick up the book the following week or year(下周或来年), and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt(怀疑) and inquiry(询问

26、). It's like resuming(重新开始,继续) an interrupted(被打断) conversation with the advantage of(凭借优势) being able to pick up(重提，接过观点或话题) where you left off(停止，中断).当你下周或来年重新拿起这本书的时候，你的各种观点，同意的、反对的、怀疑的、质询的，统统一目了然。这如同谈话一度被打断，现在又可以在上次停下的地方接着谈下去了。 And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversatio

27、n between you and the author. Presumably(可能) he knows more about the subject(主题) than you do; naturally(自然地) you'll have the proper humility(谦卑) as you approach(接近) him. 读书就该这么个读法: 你同作者应进行对话。很可能作者在有关的问题上比你懂得多，你接近他的时候表示适度的谦恭是很自然的。But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be(

28、应该是) solely(单独地) on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation(双向活动); learning doesn't consist in(存在于) being an empty receptacle(容器). The learner has to question(问问题) himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is say

29、ing. And marking a book is literally(真正地) an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author. 但不要轻信他人，以为读者只有全盘接受的份儿。理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西。学生应当向自己也向教师提问题。一旦理解了教师所讲的内容，他甚至还得与教师展开争论。而在书上做记号，实际上就是表达你赞同或不赞同作者观点的一种方式。 There are all kinds of devices(方法;技巧) for marking a book in

30、telligently(明智地) and fruitfully(富有成效的). Here's the way I do it: 在书上做记号，有各种各样好的、行之有效的方法。现将我的做法叙述如下: 1. Underlining(在.下划线): of major points, of important or forceful(强有力的) statements. 在文字下面划线: 划出主要论点及重要的或者有力的论述。 2. Vertical(垂直的) lines at the margin(页边空白): to emphasize(强调) a statement(论述) already u

31、nderlined(已划线). 在页边空白处划竖线: 强调已划线的论述部分。 3. Star, asterisk(星号), or other doo-dad(小装饰物) at the margin(页边空白): to be used sparingly(节约地), to emphasize(强调) the ten or twenty most important statements in the book. 在页边空白处画五星或六星记号，或其他小符号: 这种记号宜珍惜着用。可用来强调书中十处或二 十处最重要的论述。 4. Numbers in the margin(页边空白): to ind

32、icate(表明) the sequence(顺序) of points the author makes in developing a single argument. 在页边空白处写数字: 标明作者展开一个论据的各点顺序。 5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant(相关的) to the point marked; to tie up(捆牢) the ideas in a book, which, though the

33、y may be separated(分开) by many pages, belong together. 在页边空处写其他页的页码: 标明作者在本书其他地方所写的与本论点有关的论点，也可以 通过这一办法将书中虽分散各处，但密切有关的观点联系起来。 6. Circling(画圆圈) of key words or phrases(短语). 在关键字眼或短语上画圆圈。 7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of(为了): recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated(复