是集合名词单数

1、Unit 2 The environmentLanguage PointsWelcome to the unitWords1environment n. 环境 C 是集合名词单数，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等 environmental adj. 环境的 environmentally adv. 环境地 environmentalist n. 环境保护主义者2survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 survive v. 幸存 注意：从中逃生，幸免于 survive sth. survive the car accide

2、ntPhrases1damage the environment 破坏环境2protect the environment 保护环境Sentences1Look at the pictures above and discuss which problems are caused by nature and which ones are caused by man.看下图讨论哪些问题是由自然引起的，哪些是由人类引起的？辨析：one, it, thatone 表示承接前面已出现过的同类可数名词，只能代替单数可数名词，复数形式为ones，表泛指。it 是承接同一个东西that 可代替单数可数名词和

3、不可数名词，复数形式为those,表特指，通常有后置定语。-Do you have a camera? -No, but my father has one. He bought it a week ago.The air of a suburb is cleaner than that of a city.I've got a few books on Chinese food. You can borrow one if you like.相关高考试题 1.（2004全国I）We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So peter mad

4、e _from some wood we had.A. it B. one C. himself D. another解析: 选B. one = a cupboard2. (NMET2000)-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _?A. it B. that C. one D. this解析：选C. one 表示泛指，指代a little break.3. (NMET93)I was disappointed with the film . I had expected _ to be much better. A.that

5、 B.thisC.one D.it解析：选D. it指代the film4. (2005天津)I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to live near my Mons. A. one B. that C. it D. this解析：选A. one指代上文的flat,是泛指。5.(2005浙江)Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them解析： 选A. 指代上文同类当中的一个hous

6、e.6.(2005山东)I knew _ John Lennon, but not _famous one. A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a解析：选B. 在人名前一般不加冠词，加不定冠词表示“一个叫的人”；第二空是特指，指有名的那个John Lennon。7.(2005 江西)Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious _than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those解析：选B. ones 指代前面的复数名词p

7、roblems.8（07陕西）.- There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?- No, Id rather buy in the bookstore.(A)A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it解析：选A.问句中it特指图书馆里的那一本，答句中one泛指书店里众多书中一本。ReadingWords1debate n. / vi. 辩论，争论 hold a debate 举行辩论会 debate sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事2floor n. 发言权

8、 The President then took the floor and answered the journalists questions.3comment n./v. 评论 (表示“对.作评论”后面通常接介词on)I don't want any comments on/about my new haircut, thank you!My mum always comments on what I'm wearing.4voice v. 表达，吐露 voice ones opinion 表达某人的观点 voice complaints 表达不满 n. 呼声，意见 to

9、 hear the voice of the students 倾听学生的意见5industrial adj. 工业的 industry n. 工业6lay v. 下蛋，产卵 区分：lay-laid-laid laying 下蛋，产卵 lie-lay-lain lying 躺，位于 lie-lied-lied lying 说谎7figure n. 数字 the latest unemployment figures 人物 a leading figure in the music industry the main figure in the story 身材 She always had a

10、 good figure. v. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 We have never been able to figure her out. I cant figure out how to do this.8approach v. 接近，靠近 Winter is approaching n.干的方法，通向的入口（通常与介词to连用） All the approaches to the Palace were guarded by soldiers. This book provides a good approach to electronics. 9beneficia

11、l adj. 有益的，有利的 be beneficial to benefit n. 益处 vt. 对有益 This medicine will benefit you.vi. 受益 benefit from/by 受益于 We benefit from/by daily exercises.10expand v. 扩展，扩大，膨胀 His company expanded into a big one. Heat expands metals.11responsibility n. 责任，职责 take the responsibility for 负起对的责任 bear responsib

12、ility for 对负有责任 responsible adj. 对负责任的 be responsible for sth. / to sth. 注意：responsible作前置定语与后置定语意义不同 a responsible person 可信赖的人，可靠的人 a person responsible 负责人，主管人Phrases1pollute the environment 污染环境2follow schedule 按照的程序3open the floor for discussion 展开自由讨论4industrial waste 工业废物5large amounts of 大量的

13、（主要与不可数名词连用）6in addition 此外 （in addition to 除以外）7wipe out 抹去；消灭，摧毁 You can never wipe out the past. 你永远不能把过去一笔勾销。 Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake. 地震把整座村庄夷为平地。8large numbers of 大量的（主要与可数名词复数连用） the number of 的数量9lay eggs 产卵，下蛋10have a lasting effect upon/on sth. 对产生持久的影响11grow to 增加到

14、 = increase to = rise to = climb togrow by 净增了12cut back on 削减、缩减某物 = cut down on13turn into 转变成14be beneficial to 对有益的15environmentally friendly ways of living 环保的生活方式 =eco-friendly lifestyle16It is obvious that 很明显，17be concerned about 担心，对.感兴趣，有联系的18. the present situation 现状19see as 将视为20be agai

15、nst 反对21think of 想起，想到22hide from their responsibilities 躲避他们的责任23economic development 经济发展24What Im here to say is that 我在这里想说的是25. side by side 一起，并肩26a stable economy 稳定的经济27think of as 将视为 = see . as28the key to 解决的方法/答案 （to是介词）29preserve the environment 保护环境30allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事31be willing

16、 to do 乐意做某事32ask around 四处打听33harm the environment 破坏环境= do harm to the environment*34future generations 后代35be smart about sth. 对聪明处理36cause the destruction 引起破坏 = destroy37take the responsibility for 负起对的责任38What if 倘使.将会怎样? =What will happen if ?39run out of 用完，耗尽40a little bit of 一点点41as long a

17、s 只要= so long asSentences1Im talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste. 我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。这里含有定语从句，the way是先行词，后面的关系词that/in which可以省略。To my surprise, the young girl laughs the way (that/in which) her mother did at that age.2. The worlds p

18、opulation has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. 目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。句中的six times what it was in 1800是“倍数+what从句”构成的倍数固定表示法。The car factory can produce 3 times what it did five years ago.倍数的常见表示法： 1）A is + 倍数+比较级+than+ B Asia is four times larger than Europe. 2) A is +倍数+as+原级+a

19、s+B Asia is four times as large as Europe. 3) A is +倍数+ the size (length/width/height) of + B Asia is four times the size of Europe. Note:1倍数的基本表达都是以倍数打头，但要注意不同倍数的不同表达方法：2 两倍要用twice或double，不用two times. 三倍常用three times。 3除整数倍以外，还有分数倍，百分数倍，几倍多或不到几倍等。如六倍多（more than/over six times）, 一半（half）,三分之一 (

20、one third),百分之六十（60%）等。 相关高考试题：1（05上海）At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _Great Britain.A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 答案:D2（05 湖北) What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _it is long.A. half not as wide as B

21、. wide not as half asC. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half 答案: C3. （04广西） It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much答案：D4.（03北京） He did it _ it took me. A. one-third a timeB. one-third timeC. the on

22、e-third timeD. one-third the time答案：D5. (03上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im playing _here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much答案：D6.(07陕西)7.Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as we

23、ll as, if , A. not better thanB. not betterC. no better thanD. better7.07(湖南)There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most8.(07江苏) With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete

24、 with _ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best9.（07四川）Of the two coats, I'd choose the _ one to spare some money for a book.A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive6-9ACBB3My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount

25、 of things we make and buy.我的建议是，我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。表示“建议、要求、命令”等意义的词，无论是名词形式还是动词形式，后跟从句常用“(should) + 动词原形”The advice that the teacher gave was that the students (should) go to bed early during exam time.I suggested that John (should) phone home before he decided to stay late at the library.4Wh

26、at Im here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time.在这里我想说的是，我一直和环保人士打交道，所以我知道，健康的环境和稳定的经济并存是可能的。 having done形式中，worked表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作know发生，所以用完成时。 Having answered the letter, she

27、 went on to read an English novel.5But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.但我确实赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。 do是对谓语动词agree的强调。 He did come to the office for the book. You have every right to feel betrayed by your friend if she did tell your secret to others6Asking around, I find ma

28、ny people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.我征询过很多人的意见，发现他们当中很多人其实是愿意花费稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品的。 Asking around是现在分词作状语，表示的动作与谓语find表示的动作同时发生，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语I。 Seeing him, I cant help thinking of his brother.Word powerPhrases1. dig up 掘地，挖掘2. do damage to sth. 对造成

29、伤害3. make space for 为挪出空间Grammar and usageWords1. closely adv. 紧密地，仔细地，密切地 I sat and watched everyone very closely. 辨析：close adv. （空间上的）靠近、接近 They sat close.2. customs n. 海关 辨析：custom n. 风俗 customer n. 顾客Phrases1. write in 向报馆、电台写信（表达意见等）2. used to do 过去常常3. pick up 捡起，拾起；习得；（开车）接某人4. clean up 清扫，清理

30、5. because of 由于（+n.）6. take into consideration 把列为考虑中7. look back 回想过去8. as if 似乎，仿佛=as though9. after all 毕竟10. tax sb. 向某人征税11. get sb. to do 使某人做某事=have sb. do12. work on 从事，致力于SentencesOn taking off his jacket, a sleeping tortoise was found on his stomach.他一脱掉外套，就发现一只睡龟躺在他胃部上。 on doing 一就 = upo

31、n doing TaskWordsout-dated adj. 过时的Phrases1. draw a conclusion 得出结论2. line up 排队3. up to 到达(数字、程度)4. a growing problem 一个日趋严峻的问题5. take steps to do 采取措施做某事6. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事7. stop from doing 阻止做某事8. provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物9. at the moment 这时=at this moment；那时=at that moment10. spen

32、d money doing 花钱做某事11. underground water 地下水12. in the form of 以的形式13. set up 建立14. be stocked with 装备有，储备有15. be likely to do 很有可能做某事16. at a level 在的水平上17. pick out 找出，挑选18. be affected by 被影响19. on account of 由于 = due to / because of20. rather than 而不是21. worry about 担忧某事22. so far 到目前为止ProjectWords1. freshwater n. 淡水2. diverse adj. 不同的 diversity n. 多样性3. concerning prep. 关于 concern n. / v. 关注Phr