初中英语语法系列---否定句疑问句

1、Good morning!两种基本句型两种基本句型陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句肯定句肯定句否定句否定句五种特殊句型五种特殊句型祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句It (形式主语、形式宾语、强调句）形式主语、形式宾语、强调句）倒装句倒装句反义疑问句反义疑问句 句型第一讲：句型第一讲：否定句否定句疑问句疑问句句型分类陈述句陈述句肯定句肯定句否定句否定句疑问句疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句一.肯定句变否定句1) I am a student. I am not a student.2) They are blue . They arent blue.3) He is Kangkang. He is

2、nt Kangkang .1. 句子中有句子中有be等助动词时，在助动词后加等助动词时，在助动词后加not。2. 谓语是动词原形，在动词前加谓语是动词原形，在动词前加dont。1) I have a book . I dont have a book.2) They like Chinese . They dont like Chinese.3) We come from China. We dont come from China.3。谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词。谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加前加doesnt，动词用原形。，动词用原形。1)She has a small mouth.

3、She doesnt have a small mouth.2)Maria likes China.Maria doesnt like China.3)Jane comes from the U.S.A.Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A.练习：将下列句子变成否定句。练习：将下列句子变成否定句。1. I am a teacher. I a teacher.2. We are students. We students.3. Jane is a girl. Jane a girl.4. They like English. They like Chinese5. I

4、come from China. I come from China.6. He likes Chinese. He like Chinese.7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria come from Cuba.8. We know Maria. We know Maria. am not arent isnt dont dont doesnt doesnt dont二二.肯定句变一般疑问句肯定句变一般疑问句41.1) I am a student. Are you a student?2) They are blue. Are they blue?3) He is

5、Kangkang. Is he Kangkang?句子中有be，把be提到句首2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。1) I have a book . Do you have a book?2) They like Chinese . Do they like Chinese?3) We come from China. Do you come from China? 3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。动词用原形。1) She has a small mouth. Does she have a small mout

6、h?2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China?3) Jane comes from the U.S.A. Does Jane come from the U.S.A?4) She knows Maria. Does she know Maria?练习练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。将下列句子变成一般疑问句。1. I am a teacher. a teacher?2. They are students. Students?3. Jane is a girl. a girl?4. They like English. they like Engli

7、sh?5. I come from China. you come from China?6. He likes Chinese. he Chinese?7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria from Cuba?8.We speak Chinese. you Chinese?Are youAretheyIsJaneDoDoDoeslikeDoescomeDospeak三三.一般疑问句做肯定一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答否定回答 Are you Maria ? 肯定回答肯定回答： Yes , 主主+助助/系系.否定回答否定回答: No, 主主+助助/系系+not.肯定回答：

8、肯定回答：Yes , I am.否定回答：否定回答：No,Im not. 2.问句和答语的助动词保持一致.1) Are you a student? 肯肯: Yes, I am. 否：否： No, Im not.2) Is he Kangkang? 肯：肯：Yes，he is. 否：否：No，he isnt.3) Do they like Chinese? 肯：肯：Yes, they do.否：否：No , they dont.4) Does she have a small mouth? 肯：肯：Yes, she does.否：否：No, she doesnt. 3.问句和答语中的主语保持一

9、致。（必须用主格） 1) Is Jane from the U.S.A? 2) Does Kangkang come from China? 3) Do Jane and Maria like China? 4) Is this a ruler? 肯肯:Yes, she is. 否否:No， she isnt.肯肯:Yes, he does.否否:No, he doesnt.肯肯:Yes, they do. 否否:No, they dont.肯肯:Yes, it is .否：否：No，it isnt. 5) Is that a desk? 6) Are these books?7) Are t

10、hose pencils?8) Are these erasers?9) Is that an orange?肯：肯：Yes，it is.否：否：No，it isnt.肯：肯：Yes，they are.否：否：No，they arent.肯：肯：Yes，they are. 否：否：No，they arent.肯：肯：Yes , they are.否：否：No，they arent.肯：肯：Yes , it is .否：否：No，it isnt.练习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Are you a student? Yes, . No, .2. Do they like English?

11、 Yes, . No, .3.Is Jane a girl? Yes, . No, .4. Does Maria like China? Yes, . No, .I am Imtheynottheydodontsheissheisntshedoesshedoesnthe5.Is Kangkang a student? Yes , . No , .6.Is that a girl? Yes , . No , .7.Are those telephones? Yes , . No , .8.Does Tom know Jane? Yes , . No , .9.Do they come from

12、the U.S.A? Yes , . No , .10.Is this an egg? Yes , . No , .isheisntitisitisnttheyarethey arenthe doeshedoesnttheydothey dontitisitisnt四四.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问.4将划线部分去掉,分析句意.1.My name is Nancy. your name?2.I am from China. are you from?3.I am fine . are you?4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher. is your Englis

13、h teacher?5.Lucy is ten years old. are you?6.He is in Class One Grade Two. is he in?WhatsWhereHowWhoHowoldWhat class 7.My telephone number is 5805000. your telephone number?8.They are cars. are these ?9.This is my cap. cap is this?10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee. is your favorite movie star ?

14、11.It is yellow . is it？12.She is tall. What does she ?Whatis What Whose WhoWhat color looklike 五五.同义句转换同义句转换.1.Please give Jane the book. Please the book Jane.2. Could you please tell me your name? Could you please your name me?3. He has short hair. is short.4. I have a big nose. is big.5. You have

15、 a wide mouth. is wide. givetotelltoHishairMynoseYourmouth 6.My English teacher is old . My English teacher is not .7. Betty is not short. Betty is .8.This is my book. This is .9.This jacket is not new. This jacket is .10.My ruler is not long. My ruler is .11.She looks like her mom. She and her mom

16、look .12.They come from China. They China.young tall mine old short thesame are from六六.单复数转换单复数转换.1.将下列句子变成复数将下列句子变成复数. It is a box . boxes . This is a ruler. rulers. That is an eraser. erasers. He is a student. students. This is a bus. . That is a pen. .TheyareTheseareThoseareTheyareThesearebusesTh

17、osearepens2.将下列句子变成单数。将下列句子变成单数。1.They are pencils. a pencil.2.These are erasers. an eraser.3.They are boys. a boy.4. They are girls . a girl.5.Those are books. a book.6.These are desks. a desk.7.These are boxes. a .8.Those are cars. a . It is This isHe isShe is That is This is This is box That is c

18、ar句型转换专项练习 4一、将下列句子改为复数形式：41.There is a knife in the box.4There _ _ _ in the box.42.Shes a woman doctor.4Theyre _ _.43.Our teacher often tells us a story.4Our _ often _ us _.44.The sheep is over there.4The _ _ over there.45.Please pass me a piece of bread.4Please pass me some _ of _. aresome knives

19、women doctors teachers tell stories sheep are pieces bread 4二、下列句子改为否定句：41.He does some reading every day.4He_ _ _ reading every day.42.I have to wash the dishes.4I _ _ _wash the dishes.43.Tell him the news.4_ _ him the news.44.She has brothers and sisters.4She has_ brothers _ sisters.45.I think she

20、 is right.4I _ _she _ right 4二、下列句子改为否定句：41.He does some reading every day.4He_ _ _ reading every day.42.I have to wash the dishes.4I _ _ _wash the dishes.43.Tell him the news.4_ _ him the news.44.She has brothers and sisters.4She has_ brothers _ sisters.45.I think she is right.4I _ _she _ rightdoes

21、nt doany donthaveto Donttell noor dontthinkis 4三、下列句子改为一般疑问句：41.There is some fruit juice in the glass.4_ _ _ fruit juice in the glass?42.He has to stay here.4_ he _ to stay there?43. We do eye exercises every day.4_ you _ eye exercises every day?44. She has something to eat.4_ she _ _ to eat?45.I a

22、m good at singing and dancing.4_ you good at singing _ dancing? 4三、下列句子改为一般疑问句：41.There is some fruit juice in the glass.4_ _ _ fruit juice in the glass?42.He has to stay here.4_ he _ to stay there?43. We do eye exercises every day.4_ you _ eye exercises every day?44. She has something to eat.4_ she

23、 _ _ to eat?45.I am good at singing and dancing.4_ you good at singing _ dancing? Isthereany Doeshave Dodo Doeshave anything Areand 4四、对划线部分提问：41.My mother goes to work by bike.4_ _ your mother _ to work?42.That is a map of France.4_ map is that?43.The bag of rice is ten kilos.4_ _ _ the bag of rice

24、?44. I think Chinese food is very nice.4_ do you _ _ Chinese food?45.The students like their teacher very much.4_ do the students_ their teacher? 4四、对划线部分提问：41.My mother goes to work by bike.4_ _ your mother _ to work?42.That is a map of France.4_ map is that?43.The bag of rice is ten kilos.4_ _ _ t

25、he bag of rice?44. I think Chinese food is very nice.4_ do you _ _ Chinese food?45.The students like their teacher very much.4_ do the students_ their teacher?How does go What Howheavyis WhatthinkofHowlike 46.His house is very big.4_ _ his house _?47.There are six kites in the sky.4_ in the sky?48.H

26、e lives in Room 306.4_ _ _ he _ in?49.She looks worried because she cant find her dog.4_ _ she _ worried?410.It takes him half an hour to write the e-mail.4_ _ _ it _ him to write the e-mail? 46.His house is very big.4_ _ his house _?47.There are six kites in the sky.4_ in the sky?48.He lives in Roo

27、m 306.4_ _ _ he _ in?49.She looks worried because she cant find her dog.4_ _ she _ worried?410.It takes him half an hour to write the e-mail.4_ _ _ it _ him to write the e-mail?WhatislikeWhats WhichroomdoesliveWhydoeslookHowlongdoestake 411.Classes begin at eight.4_ _ _classes _?412.I want to buy th

28、ree kilos of meat.4_ _ _ do you want to buy?413.His uncle is a businessman.4_ _ his uncle _?414.The orange dress is Kates.4_ _ is Kates?415.Its Sunday today.4_ _ is it today? 411.Classes begin at eight.4_ _ _classes _?412.I want to buy three kilos of meat.4_ _ _ do you want to buy?413.His uncle is a

29、 businessman.4_ _ his uncle _?414.The orange dress is Kates.4_ _ is Kates?415.Its Sunday today.4_ _ is it today?WhattimedobeginHowmuchmeatWhatdoesdoWhichdressWhatday 416.The cats are running up the tree.4_ are the cats _?417.Jims plane is broken.4_ _ _ Jims plane?418.He would like five cakes.4_ _ _

30、would he like ?419.They play football every Friday.4_ _ they play football?420.The man in brown is Toms father.4_ _ is Toms father? 416.The cats are running up the tree.4_ are the cats _?417.Jims plane is broken.4_ _ _ Jims plane?418.He would like five cakes.4_ _ _ would he like ?419.They play footb

31、all every Friday.4_ _ they play football?420.The man in brown is Toms father.4_ _ is Toms father?Where runningWhatswrongwithHowmanycakesWhendo WhichmanGoodbye! Thank you !GrammarThe Passive Voice被动语态被动语态 How to describe the pictures？The river was seriously pollutedThe river was seriously polluted. S

32、ome trees have been cut down.Some trees have been cut down. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语主语和和动词动词之间的关之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主主动语态动语态动词的主语是动作的动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而，而被动语态动词被动语态动词的主语是动作的的主语是动作的承受者承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词及物动词才有才有被动语态。被动语态。英语语

33、态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 workedopenedclosed seentaught asked work close openask seeteache.g.由助动词由助动词be + be + 及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-edV-ed）构成。助动词构成。助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态在不同时态的不同形式被动语态在不同时态的不同形式被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be + p.p一般现在时一般现在时(do, does) is/am/are done一般过去时一般过去时(did) was/were done一般将来时一般将

34、来时(will do) will be done现在进行时现在进行时(is/am/are doing) is/am/are being done过去进行时过去进行时(was/were doing) was/were being done现在完成时现在完成时(have/has done) have/has been done带情态动词带情态动词(can/must/may do) can/must/may be done主动语态：S（主语）+P（谓语）+O（宾语）被动语态：S（主语）+P(被动结构)+by O（宾语）一般现在时： is/am/are+p.p 一般过去时： was/were +p.p

35、一般将来时： will be +p.p详见上页详见上页主动语态变为被动语态主动语态变为被动语态Practise(2): Make sentences a computer/use/every dayA computer is used every day. the bridge/build/last yearThe bridge was built last year.these big buildings/build/next yearThese big buildings will be built next year.the thief/catch/the policemen/yeste

36、rdayThe thief was caught by the policemen yesterday.Ex 1. 把下列的句子改为被动语态Many people visit Shenzhen every year.Shenzhen _ _ _ many people every year. is visited by 2. They built some houses in the village. Some houses _ _ by _ in the village. were built them 3. We will tell you everything about it tomo

37、rrow. You _ _ _ everything about it tomorrow. will be told4. The students can use the computer. The computer _ _ _ by the students. can be used5. He has sold out all the books. All the books _ _ _ _ by him. have been sold out6. The worker is repairing a car now. A car _ _ _ by the worker now. is bei

38、ng repaired7. They took these photos on the Great Wall. These photos _ _ on the Great Wall. were taken8. The girls have sent some flowers to the singer. Some flowers _ _ _ to the singer. have been sent9. You must finish your work before you go to bed. Your work _ _ _ before you go to bed. must be fi

39、nishedThe fish has been eaten by the cat.The fish will be eaten by the cat. the tree/cutThe tree is being cut by the man. shenzhen airport/use/for a long time Shenzhen airport has been used for a long time.The World Trade Centre/ smash down(撞毁）The World Trade Centre was smashed down. this kind of ca

40、r /can make/in this factoryThis kind of car can be made in this factory.Pay attention !She gave me some money.I was given some money by her.Some money was given to me by her.He will show me some photos.I will be shown some photos by him.Some photos will be shown to me by him.Pay attention !His mother makes him play the piano.He is made to play the piano by his mother.We saw them go out.They were seen to go out b