2019年山东省淄博市中考英语试卷(含答案与解析)

1、英语试卷第3页（共18页）英语试卷第4页（共18页）山东省淄博市2019年初中学业水平考试 在英语（满分：90分，考试时间：100分钟） 第I卷（选择题，满分42分）_一、完形填空（共10小题，满分10分）_阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳_答案。一 -For thousands of years , people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They二 卷_hunted and fished for meat. They 1 cloth dyes （染料）and paper fr

2、om plants. They used身sstone and metal for weapons and tools._ #考 _People progressed to making machines powered 2 water and steam（蒸汽），and二 eve- later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories 3 of machines二上 ，八、_createdjobsinthecities forthousandsofpeople.TheIndustrialRevolution（工

3、业革命）_changedthe lives of many peoplebecause,forthefirst time,morepeoplelivedincities than_on 4.二 二 Companies built power plants （工厂）to make 5 to run the machines, factories and_ 答cities.名一姓 二People did not realize these activities were 6 the Earth. They didn't realize oil, gas,二coal and minerals

4、 were being used up 7.8 cities grew bigger and spread across二the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed （破坏）as-二 题 people moved into new places.二As time passed, people began to 9 the need to protect the Earth and its natural二resources（资源）.They saw that plants

5、and animals needed protection , so they wouldn't和disappear forever. People joined together to tell 10 around the world to conserve （节约）学 无 our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year , more and十more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?5.

6、 A. metalB. waterC. electricityD. oil6. A. helpingB. harmingC. wastingD. losing7. A. clearlyB. hardlyC. quicklyD. slowly8. A. BeforeB. IfC. AsD. Though9. A. forgetB. seeC. rememberD. get10. A. themB. otherC. anotherD. others绝密启用前1. A. separatedB. washedC. madeD. mixed2. A. asB. forC. withD. by效3. A.

7、 fullB. proudC. sickD. short4. A. mountainsB. riversC. grasslandsD. farms二、阅读理解（共16小题，满分32分）阅读短文A、B,并做每篇后面的题目，从每题所给的（A、B、C、D）四个选项中选出能完成所给句子或问题的最佳答案。ALike you, plants need good things like food, water, and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients （营养）from the rich soil （土

8、壤）in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening."Hydrogenic" means "working with water." In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water, not in dirt. The water is filled with

9、 special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens, plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden, plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And

10、because there is no soil, there are no weeds and few insect pests（害虫）.Gardeners don't need to spray（喷洒）plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy.Scientists hope that, one day,hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enou

11、gh food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars, so that they will always have fresh vegetables, and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.11. What's the

12、meaning of the underlined word "dirt" in the second paragraph?A. soilB. waterC. insectD. food12. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Plants need water and other nutrients to grow.B. There are no weeds in hydrogenic gardens.C. Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too

13、hot weather.D. Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space.13. What's the passage about?A. Plant growing.B. Space farming.C. Scientific watering.D. hydrogenic gardening.BCan you imagine walking in, sitting next to a stranger and asking for the latest news or putting a recent novel down n

14、ext to someone's coffee and asking for their opinion before giving yours?But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site （位置）today was occupied （占据） by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and

15、 members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble （大理石） head of a lion with wide-open mouth. The public was invited to feed it w

16、ith letters and stories. The best of the lion's digest （文摘）were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named "the roaring of the lion".Today, few people know Button's. It's just one of London's forgotten coffeehouses.London's first cof

17、feehouse was opened by a Greek named Pasque Rosee in 1652. While a servant for a British merchant in Turkey, Rosee developed a taste for the exotic （异国情调的 ） Turkish drink and decided to import （进 口 ） it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write

18、, and joke.14. Where was the white marble lion head?A. In the backyard of the Starbucks.B. On the Button's long wooden tables.C. In Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper.D. On the wall of Button's coffeehouse.15. How often was "the roaring of the lion" published?A. Every dayB. Ev

19、ery week.C. Every monthD. Every year16. What kind of coffee did Pasque Rosee import to London?A. Turkish coffee.B. Black coffee.C. White coffeeD. Sweet coffee.17. What can we infer （推断）from the passage?A. People could hardly found a coffeehouse in 1712 in London.B. Starbucks, Button's and Rosee&

20、#39;s were famous coffeehouses of London in 1700s.C. Button's was usually noisy and crowded at night 300 hundred years ago.D. Only businessmen enjoyed the exotic coffee at Pasque Rosee's.阅读短文C,根据短文内容，从短文后面的方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项， 选项中有一项为多余选项。CI did not grow up in a family with books. 18 My process

21、 of being a reader seemed amazing. I got lost in one book that opened up my world and changed my life.My primary school teacher always gave her pupils time to read for pleasure in school.She believed it would improve reading greatly. 19 It was a biography （传t己）of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up

22、and began to read from cover to cover. The words I read attracted（吸弓I） me and I was excited. I realized that there were other women like Greta who had made great efforts and changed their lives. I recognized （认识）myself in her.From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied （提供）with book

23、s. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find. 20It has been a long road. I am now a physics professor in a university. 21 Recently someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor's autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life.A. Most of my t

24、ime is spent reading scientific literature.B. Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life.C. In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read.D. Reading plays an important role in my life.E. One day, she put a book on my desk.阅读材料，将22-26小题中五位同学遇到的烦T

25、gf与专家所给的建议A-E进行匹配。D22. One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something she doesn't want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do?23. Some of my friends are in a fight. like them all equally （同样地）,but they say I have to choose sides. Help!24. I look

26、 up to my sisters. They're both intelligent（ 聪明的）feel that I'll never be as good as them.25. I am the shortest person in my class, and my classmates call me "Tiny Mouse." How can I make them stop?26. I always use the computer and can't stop I feel that I'm not getting any s

27、marter and the computer is warping （扭曲）my brain.A. It's wonderful that you admire them, but try not to compare yourself to them. Instead of trying to be like them, just try to be the best you possible. You will find that you will bemuch happier when you try to be true to yourself, rather than wh

28、en you try to be like 在someone else.B. The only way to break a habit is to force yourself to do something different. A world of exciting and interesting activities is just waiting for you. Write a list of things you've always wanted to do, learn, make, or try. When you feel like playing it, do s

29、omething else. C-Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know that you are unhappy when she tells secrets around you. If _you feel uncomfortable talking to her in person, you could write her a note instead._D. We often he

30、ar from kids who are laughed at about their height. They probably don't mean_-o hurt your feelings. There are advantages and disadvantages to being any size. You might_ 卷play along and come up with a funny reply. However, if you feel hurt, try talking to a_parent or teacher.第E. Explain to your f

31、riends that you like all of them. You can play with each person or group考 二separately. If they don't like this, then you may want to focus on other friendships until二 -these friends work things out. Another idea is to offer to help your friends solve their_ _problems._22.-23._- 2-4-_ 答25.名26.姓_第

32、II卷（选择题，满分48分）_ 题 三、选词填空（共10题，满分10分）_根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两一项剩余。_want best slowly until when happiness facing in still now high not牧 学 无业My Dear Azhaan,I want you to know that you remind me of myself in so many ways. You are like a better and Improved version（版本）of me. I look at you an

33、d I see myself .27 your eyes. I-w-s杆-had that confidence （信心）and even some of your bossiness（霸气）at that age. Yet, I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence 28 disappearing, because you are 29 many different things. I want you to know that your confidence is one of the 30 things about you. All

34、of us admire your confidence. However, you are 31 confident enough these 英语试卷第5页（共18页）days, because you are beginning to dislike your own body.You are not fat. I agree that you could be a little healthier. You could eat a little less junk food. However, I don't know when you'll begin to enjo

35、y fruits, but I believe that you will.I think one of the moments of 32 for me was when you were born, and the doctor said, "Congratulations, you have another baby boy," not because you were a boy but because you were healthy.You're too young to understand this 33 no one realizes the im

36、portance of a normal life 34 it is away from them. What I 35 for you is happiness: the understanding that you are not perfect and that it is okay because none of us is!Stay confident and keep your head 36, my little boy-who is growing up too soon!Love, Ammi四、语法填空（共10小题，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个

37、单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Ernest Hemingway, the son of a doctor and a music teacher, was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway's father 37 （teach） him early on how to hunt and fish, two activities Hemingway loved throughout his life. Instead of 38 （go） to college, Hemingway became a reporter for th

38、e Kansas City Star.Later, in Europe, he worked as a driver 39 the Italian army until he was wounded and shipped home, where he again wrote for newspapers. Two years 40, he moved toParis, where he hoped to improve his writing. There he became friends with other 41 （America） writers, including Gertrud

39、e Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald.Hemingway developed 42 style of writing that was simple and direct. He chose words sparingly （俭省地）,avoided using adjectives, and trusted the reader to understand 43 （mean） of his writing. As he put it, "I always try 44 （write） on the principle （原贝U） of the iceber

40、g （冰山）.There is seven eighths of it under water for every part that shows." This style continues to influence Writers today. In his career （生涯）,which lasted some 40 years, Hemingway earned the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. He was one of the finest writers of the 45 （twenty） century.For a

41、while Ernest Hemingway lived in Key West, Florida, where he had nearly 50 cats. One of them was a cat with six toes （脚趾）,which a ship's captain had given him. Today his Key West home is a museum, and many cats still live there. Some of them are _46（child）of Hemingway's six-toed cat. Hemingwa

42、y was married four times and had three sons. He died 英语试卷第6页（共18页）1 .你参加了什么活动；2 .你做了什么；3 .你学到了什么。注意：1 .书写规范，表达连贯，可根据内容适当发挥;2 .文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名；3 .邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。in 1961.五、阅读表达（共5题，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Around the world, people live in homes of many shapes and sizes. In some countryside, peopl

43、e live together with their family in a huge house with gardens or backyards. On the other hand, the buildings in cities are usually very close together.A home can be any kind of building- large or small. Some people even have homes on boats, in tents or in caravans that can be moved around. Caravans

44、 are mobile homes. They are towed （拖，拉）by either a car or a huge truck. Some of them are holiday homes. We can see many families staying together in these caravans.In the past, rich and important people built strong castles to keep their families safe. The castles（城堡）were built on hill tops with hig

45、h walls and some even had moats. Moats were deep and wide ditches（壕沟）filled with water. They made it difficult for enemies to attack.Today, we have different ways of protecting our homes. Some homes are installed （安装） with video cameras and an alarm system. These will help to alert （向报警 ）home owners

46、if someone tries to break in.Homes are important to all the people. Everyone needs a home where they feel sheltered and safe.47. How are the buildings in cities?48. What is used to tow the caravans?49. Who built castles to keep their families safe in the past?50. Why were moats built?51. What do peo

47、ple use to protect their homes today?六、书面表达（共1题，才f分18分）假定你是李明，你的英国朋友约翰想了解你参加社会实践活动或研学旅行方面的情 况。请用英文给他写一封 100词左右的电子邮件，介绍一次你参加的这样的活动。要点 如下：英语试卷第7页（共18页）英语试卷第#页（共18页）山东省淄博市2019年初中毕业和高中阶段学校招生考试英语答案解析第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空1 .【答案】C【解析】句意：他们用植物做布、染料和纸。A. separated 分离；B. washed 洗；C. made 制作；D. mixed 混合。根据上文 For thou

48、sandsof years, people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat.可知下文是制作布料，燃料和纸张。根据题意，故选C。2 .【答案】D【解析】句意：人们开始制造由水和蒸汽驱动的机器，甚至后来又发展到由煤、油和汽油驱动的机器。A. as 作为；B. for 为了； C. with 带有，具有；D. by 通过。根据下文 and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built.可知上文

49、是用介词 by。根据题意，故选 D。3 .【答案】A【解析】句意：满是机器的工厂为数千人在城市创造了就业机会。A. full满的；B. proud骄傲的；C. sick生病的；D. short短的。这里是充满的意思，full of 充满，根据题意，故选 Ao4 .【答案】D【解析】句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A. mountains 山脉；B. rivers 河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms 农场。根据上文 more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选 D。5 .【答案】C【解析】句意：公司建造发电厂来发电，以运行机器、工

50、厂和城市。A. metal 金属；B. water 水；C. electricity 电；D. oil 油。根据下文 to run the machines, factories and cities.可知上文是发电。根据题意，故选 C。6 .【答案】B【解析】句意：人们没有意识到这些活动正伤害地球。A. helping 帮助；B. harming 有害；C. wasting 浪费；D. losing 失去。根据上文 People did not realize these activities可知下文是在伤害地球。根据题意，故选 B。7 .【答案】C【解析】句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、

51、煤炭和矿产正迅速被消耗殆尽。A. clearly清晰地；B. hardly几乎不；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly慢地。这里是说快速 地用完。根据题意，故选 Co8 .【答案】C【解析】句意：随着城市规模的扩大和遍布全国。动植物开始消失。A. Before在之前；B. If如果；C. As当的时候；随着； D. Though通过。根据下 文 plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed（破坏）as people moved into new places.可知，这里是当的时候；随着

52、。根据题意，故选C。9 .【答案】B【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始意识到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。A. forget 忘记；B. see 看见；C. remember 记住；D. get 得到。根据下文 protect the Earth and its natural resources（资源）可知这里是说开始看到。根据题意，故选B。10 .【答案】D【解析】句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的其他人们保护我们的自然资源和保护地球。A. them他们；B. other其他的；C. another另一个；D. others别的，其他的，代词。根据下文 around the world

53、to conserve （节约）our natural resources and care for the Earth 可 知，这里是说全世界的其他人们。根据题意，故选 D。二、阅读理解A11 .【答案】A【解析】 根据文中 In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water 可知下文 dirt 的意思是"土壤"。故选Ao【考点】词句猜测英语试卷第9页（共18页）英语试卷第#页（共18页）12 .【答案】C【解析】 根据题意 one day, hydrogenic gardens may be abl

54、e to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry.可知，选项C是错误，水生植物不能在太热的天气里生长，这个说法是 错误的。故选Co【考点】推理判断13 .【答案】D【解析】通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述氢化园艺。故选 Do【考点】主旨大意B14 .【答案】D【解析】 根据文中Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets

55、, writers and members of the publicgathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble （大理石）head of a lion with wide-open mouth.可知，白色大理石狮子头在巴 顿咖啡馆的墙上。故选

56、D。【考点】细节理解题15 .【答案】B【解析】根据文中 The best of the lion's digest （文摘）were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named "the roaring of the lion". 可知，"the roaring of the lion"每周出版一次。故选 B。【考点】细节理解题16 .【答案】A【解析】根据文中 Turkish drink and decided to impor

57、t （进口） it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke. 可知，土耳其咖 啡。故选A。【考点】细节理解题17 .【答案】C【解析】 根据文中But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged inthousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site

58、（位置）today was occupied（占据）by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night.可知，三百年前的晚上，巴顿家总是吵吵闹闹，人满为患。故选C。【考点】推理判断题C18 .【答案】C【解析】I did not grow up in a family with books. 及下文 My process of being a reader seemed amazing.可知这里是 In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read.在我家里, 既没 有时间也没有精力看书。故选Co19 .【答案】E【解析】 根据下文 It was a biography （传记）of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it