宾语从句的讲解与练习

1、宾语从句【直接引语变间接引语】直接引语变间接引语就是将引语部分写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。句型变化：(注意引导词)直接引语间接引语转述陈述句用that 引导的宾语从句，无词意，可省略转述一般疑问句用if whether 引导的宾语从句，意思是“_”。（从句用陈述句语序）转述特殊疑问句用原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（从句用陈述句语序）转述祈使句用句型ask sb (not) to do sth tell sb (not) to do sthB. 时态变化：时态前推法直接引语间接引语现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去

2、进行时过去完成时过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时（或不变）过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时1、主句是一般现在时，从句用其所需要的时态。2、主句是一般过去时态时，从句时态用相应的过去时。3、若从句为客观理论、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，不受主句时态限制，从句仍用一般现在时。C. 人称变化：如果直接引语中的人称是转述人本身，必须改为与转述人一致的人称代词。“一随主，二随宾，三不变” 1. She said, “My brother wants to go with me.” ( She said her brother wanted to go with her.

3、) 2. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” ( He asked Kate how her sister was then. ) 3. Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” (Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker)D. 时间状语变化：1. now then 2. this year that year3. yesterday the day before 4. last week the week before5. three days ago three da

4、ys before 6. tomorrow the next day7. next week the week after 8. today that day9. ago before 10.last night the night before11.the day before yesterday two days before E. 其它：this that, these those, here there, come go.Bring take(注意：表中这些情况，要根据具体情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果在当地转述，here 就不必改为there, come 也不必改为)F. 注意陈述句语

5、序即学即练一、把直接引语改为间接引语。1. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.2. She asked, “Are you from Hubei?”She asked _ _ _ _ Hubei.3. “ Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.4. She said to me, “Dont ride in the street.”She _ me _ _ _ in the stree

6、t.5. “I will go to America next year,” he said to me.He me go to America next year.6. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.7. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.8. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.9. The teac

7、her said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.10. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.11. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.12. “I bo

8、ught the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.13. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.14. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there15. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found i

9、t.16. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 17. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.18. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.19. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _

10、 _ _ him the news. 20. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、单项选择。( )1. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )2. The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has C. will hav

11、e D. are( )3. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )4. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled( )5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when( )6. D

12、o you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( )7. Please tell me _ last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( )8. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pe

13、n it is D. whose pen was it ( )9. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( )10. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they

14、 leave Beijing三完成句子1. 那个女孩想知道他经常会谈些什么？The girl wanted to know _ he often _ _.2. 告诉我那些小孩是否在玩电脑游戏。Tell me _ the children _ _ computer games.3. 杰克不知道为什么老是叫他去办公室。Jack didn't know _ his teacher _ him _ _ to the office.4. 我认为学游泳一点也不难。I _ _ it's _ _ learn to swim.5. 你能告诉我这是谁的自行车吗？Could you please t

15、ell me _ _ _ _ ?宾语从句 概念：在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。句型：主句 + 连词 + 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that（that在口语中常省略）。 whether，if，和连接代词what，  which，  who，  whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略He said (that) Kate was good at

16、 swimming.What, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中做一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等I dont know what they are going to do. He asked me whose the book was.when, where, why, who 等连接副词在从句中做状语Could you tell me where you are from?if / whether意为“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Zheng was a teacher.eg：He knew（that） he sho

17、uld study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。Can you tell me which class you are in？您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？He asked me if he could come in，他问我他是否能进来。宾语从句应注意的问题1）时态的一致（主句的时态与从句的时态一致） a.宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。I have heard tha

18、t he will come.我已经听说他要来了。b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。2）语序的变化a.陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。陈述句：He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。宾语从句：I said he was an honest man.（连词that可省）我说他是一个诚实的人。陈述句：We'll Win.我们会赢。宾语从句：We believe we'll win.我们相信我们会赢。b.一般疑问句变为

19、宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。一般疑问句：Does he study hard？他学习认真吗？宾语从句：I wonder if（whether）he studies hard.我不知道他是否认真学习。一般疑问句：Will they win？他们会赢吗？宾语从句：I asked if（whether） they would win.我问他们是否会赢。c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词（即保留原来的疑问词）。特殊疑问句：Who is he？他是谁？宾语从句：Do you know who he is？你知道他是谁吗？特殊疑问句：What

20、 does he want？他要什么？宾语从句：I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。注意Who went there？（特殊疑问句）谁去那里呢？I wonder who went there.（宾语从句）我不知道谁去那里。因为是对主语提问，所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时，语序依然不变。特殊疑问句：When did he leave？他何时离开的？宾语从句：I know when he left.我知道他是什么时候离开的。特殊疑问句：Where will he arrive？他将会到哪里呢？宾语从句：He asked me where he w

21、ould arrive.他问我他将会到哪里。基础训练宾语从句练习一、单项选择( )1. Will you please tell me ?A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built( )2. Its not polite to ask people in England. A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC.

22、 what your city looks like D. how old are you( )3. I wonder if he tonight. If he , Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC. will come; comes D. comes; will come( )4. I cant say I want to see him again. We havent seen each other for nearly three years. A. how long B. how soon C. ho

23、w often D. how much( )5. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going( )6. Nobody knows hell come or not. A. that B. if C. / D. whether( )7.-Could you tell me _? He is wanted by the head teacher.-Sorry. Ive no idea. But he_ here just now.A. whe

24、re Tim was; was B. where is Tim; wasC. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is( )8.-Did Mrs. King leave a message?-Yes. She wanted to know_ this Sunday.A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her( )9.-Do you know_?-N

25、ext week.A. when the teacher came backB. when did the teacher come backC. when will the teacher come backD. when the teacher will come back( )10.-What did the teacher say before the class was over, Julia?-He asked us_.A. if we had any more questionsB. what lesson would we have nextC. why would we pr

26、efer to stay insideD. whether we have handed in our papers( )11.-Do you know_ the man with sunglasses is?-Im not sure. Maybe a reporter.A. who B. what C. where D. how( )12.Can you tell us_ you grow cotton in your country?A. that B. whether C. which D. whose( )13.Could you please tell me_ the meeting

27、 will begin?A. what B. whether C. when D. where( )14.-Who can tell us_ about over there?-We cant hear clearly.A. what they talk B. what do they talkC. what are they talking D. what they are talking( )15.-Do you know_ Jack left so early?-I dont know. Maybe he was hungry.A. what B. why C. until D. tho

28、ugh( )16. My uncle told me that he _to London the next day.A. would go B. go C. went D. has gone( )17.-What did the children think of the game?-The children said_ they_ themselves very much.A. if; enjoy B. why; enjoyed C. where; enjoy D. that; enjoyed( )18.-I am sure _you said is true.-Thanks.A. wha

29、t B. that C. which D. who( )19.-I wondered_ they had been to America.-Im not sure.A. if B. what C. who D. that( )20.Could you tell us where_? Someone is looking for him.A. is he B. was he C. he is D. he was( )21. Our teacher said that the moon_ around the earth.A. go B. went C. has gone D. goes( )22

30、. My friend wanted to know _ with his new car. A. what wrong is B. what is wrongC. what wrong was D. what was wrong( )23. Could you show me _ I can use the MP4, please? Of course. A. that B. how C. whether D. if( )24. Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? At 9:00. A. what time he leaves B. what tim

31、e does he leaveC. what time he left D. what time did he leave( )25. I really want to know _. A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrowC. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday( )26. We dont know _ he is. - They say he is much better these days. A. what B.

32、 who C. how D. where( )27. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. - Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. will you have; will rain B. you will have; will ranC. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains( )28. The teacher said that the moon _ the earth. A. circles B. circled C. ci

33、rcling D. circle( )29. I asked the girl _. A. which one did she like best B. which one she liked bestC. which one she likes best D. which one does she like best( )30. Do you know _ Lucy has visited the Great Wall? Yes, she has. But I dont know when _ it. A. that; she visited B. if; she visitedC. tha

34、t; did she visit D. if; did she visit( )31. You should run the shop _ your boss has taught you. A. so B. but C. although D. as( )32. Today or tomorrow? What are you talking about? We are talking about _ to give a talk on the Tradition of Chinese Literature. A. how B. where C. when D. what( )33. We l

35、ive _ the road crosses the river. A. when B. where C. how D. why( )34. He said he _ the teacher about it. A. has told B. tells C. is telling D. had told( )35. He said time _ money. A. was B. is C. are D. were( )36. I didnt understand _, so I raised my hand to ask. A. what my teacher says B. what doe

36、s my teacher sayC. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say( )37. -Can you guess _ the MP4 player yesterday? - Sorry, Ive no idea about it. A. how much did he pay for B. how can he getC. how much he paid for D. how he has got( )38. Do you know who he _ with at eight last night? A. was talking

37、 B. is talking C. has been talking D. talks( )39. Please tell me _. A. what time is it B. what time it is C. whats the time D. what time be( )40. Can you tell me_ you get on with your classmates? I have told you many times _ I get on very well with them. A. how; if B. that; whether C. how; that D. whether; that【中考链接】( )1.-I hear well have a new foreign teacher soon. Do you know when_?-Sorry, I have no idea. （08广州）A. he will come B. will he come C. is he coming D. he was coming( )2.Resea