四级中译英段落翻译练习(2)

1、四级中译英段落翻译练习1. 人口老龄化中国面临的最严峻的挑战之一就是人口老龄化(aging population)。专家称在未来四十年内，中国老年人口将接近 5亿，占据人口总数的三分之一。这无疑给中国经济增长带来了巨大的压力，但这也意味着更多的商机。人口老龄化将为养老院(nursing home)行业的发展带来良好的前景。据粗略统计，5亿老年人每月至少能为养老院行业带来5000亿元的经济效益。2. 西部大开发西部大开发(western development campaign)是中国政府的一项政策，于2000年开始运作。目的是提高西部地区的经济和社会发展水平。西部大开发的范围是中国西部的12个

2、省和自治区(autonomous region)。西部地区自然资源丰富，市场潜力大，战略位置重要。但由于自 然、历史、社会等原因，西部地区经济发展相对东部落后。这一政策的实施可以使西部地区得到更快、更深、更广的发展，实现共同富裕(common prosperity) o3. 相声相声(Xiangsheng)是中国最重要的表演艺术之一。共有三种不同形式的相声，分别由一人、两人和多人表演。其中由两人表演的对口相声(cross talk)最为流行，传播最为广泛。“相声”一词最初是指模仿别人的言谈举止。现代相声包含四种基本技能：说、学、逗(tease)唱。由于相声的许多内容是笑话和有趣的故事，语言幽默

3、而又讽刺(sarcastic)，因此深受人民群众的喜爱。4. 大熊猫大熊猫被称为“中国国宝(China' national treasure)”，是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外边 黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80%以上分布在四川省境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。由于生育率低，对生活 环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒临物种。5. 低碳经济低碳经济(low-carbon econ omy)是在保护环境的 基础上实现可 持续发展(sustai nable deve

4、lopme nt)的经济模式。目前，越来越多国家正向低碳经济转型。中国也不例外。中国过 去的发展模式是由高能耗、低成本制造业拉动经济增长。近年来，在经济增长的同时也破坏 了环境。为了实现可持续发展，政府已承诺将采取切实行动，发展低碳经济，保护自然环境6. 中国美食关于中国美食(cuisine)的电视节目数不胜数，但像舌尖上的中国(A Bite of China )这样受欢迎的不多。这部最新的七集纪录片，从地域、历史以及文化等方面深入探讨了中国人的饮 食。中国美食有悠久的历史和富有特色的传统烹饪手法。这一节目试图呈现出更多有关食物的文化元素，如饮食习惯和饮食道德(ethic)。在展现中国饮食文化

5、辉煌成就的同时，也反映 出中国的社会变迁。7. 丝绸之路丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代一条重要的商业贸易路线。它起始于古都西安，连接亚 非欧三大洲。最初的作用是运输中国古代出产的丝绸，因此被命名为“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路不仅促进了古代亚欧之间的商业贸易，还增进了亚欧各国和中国的友好往来和文化交流。中国历史上一些著名人物的故事都与这条路有关，如张骞、班超和玄奘。8. 公务员热公务 员热(craze for civil servant jobs)是指越来越多的 人参 加政 府机构 招聘考 试 (recruitment examinations)的社会现象。据报道，近几年每年的报考人

6、数都超过百万，平均每 个岗位有50 60名竞争者，最热门的职位能达到5000:1.报考公务员的主要是大学毕业生。他们认为公务员工作轻松稳定，收入较高，社会地位也高。另外，就业难问题也是促使他们做出该选择的另一个原因。1. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Aging populati on is one of the most severe challe nges in China. Accord ing to the experts, within four decades, China will have n early 500 millio n elderly p

7、eople, which acco unts for one third of the total populati on. Such a situati on will un doubtedly put huge pressure on the econo mic growth of China, but it also means more bus in ess opport un ities. The fast-grow ing nu mbers of elderly people will bring a very good prospect for the in dustry of

8、nursing homes. Based on rough statistics, half a billi on elderly people can at least bring the in dustry an econo mic ben efit of f 500 billi on every year.2. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Wester n developme nt campaig n is a policy made by Chin ese gover nment and operated from 2000. Its goal is to

9、 improve the econo mic and social developme nt level of the wester n areas. There are twelve prov in ces and aut onom ous regi ons covered in this campaig n. The wester n areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and important strategic location. But because of natural, histor

10、ical and social factors, the economic development in those areas lags beh ind that of the easter n areas. The impleme ntatio n of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader developme nt in the western areas, which will help realize com mon prosperity.3. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Xiangsheng

11、 is one of China s most important / significant performing arts,including threediffere nt forms, performed respectively by one pers on, two pers ons, and three or more pers ons. Of the three forms, cross talk, performed by two pers on s, is the most popular and widespread. The term Xian gshe ng ” or

12、igi nally referred to the act of imitati ng some one's speech and behavior. Moder n Xia ngshe ng is composed of four basic skills: speak in g, imitati ng, teas ing and singing. Due to its contents which are mainly jokes and in teresti ng stories and its humorous and sarcastic Ian guage, Xia ngsh

13、e ng has become very popular among people.4. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Referred to as China 'national treasure”，panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gen tle and lovely ani mal. Pan das live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 8

14、0% of them living in Sichuan Provinee. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. Because of low birth rate and high requireme nt for liv ing environment, the nu mber of pan das is decli ning. Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese gove

15、rnment has made a lot of / a great deal of efforts to protect the endan gered species.o5. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Low-carb on economy is a kind of econo mic mode of realiz ing susta in able developme nt on the basis of en viro nment protect ion. At prese nt, an in creas ing nu mber of coun trie

16、s are making the tran siti on towards low-carb on economy. China is no excepti on. In the past, Chi na' econo mic growth was mainly driven by high-energy and low-cost manufacturing. In recent years, the econo mic growth has also destroyed the en viro nment / the environment has bee n destroyed a

17、long with the econo mic growth. To achieve the susta in able developme nt, the gover nment has promised to take con crete actions to develop low-carb on economy and protect the n atural en vir onment.6. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:There are numerous TV programs on Chinese cuisine, but few are as po

18、pular as A Bite of China. The latest seve n-episode docume ntary offers in sights into / probes into / go deeply into the geographical, historical and cultural aspects of Chinese diets / Chinese diets from geographical, historical and cultural aspects. Chinese cuisine has a long history and distinct

19、ive traditional cook ing tech niq ues. The program tries to prese nt more cultural eleme nts related to food, such as eating habits and ethics. While it expresses the glory of Chinese food culture, it also reflects Ch ina ' social tran sformati ons.7. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:The Silk Road i

20、s an importa nt trade rote in an cie nt Chin a. It started in the ancient capital Xi 'an and connected the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. Because it was built / its primary function was to tran sport silk produced in ancient Chin a, it was n amed the Silk Road ”.lt not only promote

21、d trade between ancient Asia and Europe, but (also) enhanced friendship and cultural communication between China and other countries in Asia and Europe. In Chinese history, the stories of some famous characters are related to the route, such as Zhang Qian, Ban Chao and Xua n Zang.8. Tra nslatio n fo

22、r refere nee:The Craze for civil serva nt jobs refers to the social phe nomenon that an in creas ing nu mber of Chin ese take part in recruitme nt exam in ati on of gover nment in stitutes. It is reported that the nu mber of registered applica nts each year is over one milli on, with 50 60 can didat

23、es compet ing for one vacaney on average. The ratio of the hottest position can arrive at 5000:1. The registered applica nts are mai nly uni versity graduates. They thi nk that the civil serva nt jobs are rather easy and stable with high in come and social status. In additi on, ano ther reas on for

24、their choice is the difficulty in finding jobs.Additional ones:【以下几篇供大家参考，有时间也可以给学生做做，但不会拿来考试】9. 科学和自然界科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然 界，它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种 种概念的。科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法-科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。10. 公司简介福建福信

25、一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公 司合资兴办的高科技企业，注册资本两千万元人民币。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，大中专学 历以上的技术管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上，并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结，拼搏，务实，创新， 奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取，蒸蒸日上。11. 年度总结总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问 题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满

26、足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。12. 中国法定假日中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year' s Day春节(Spring Festival)，清明节(Qingming Festival),五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和 国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月

27、的寒暑假。在中国，暑假一般约在7月1日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1月或2月。9. Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Science is related to all the existing things and the characteristics and process of the phenomena happening in nature. Science contains the whole nature, which develops various penetrating views about human being&#

28、39;s conceptions that how various natural phenomena are related together and how they con stitute our so-called uni verse. Science has many characteristics. We have to inspect those functions and characteristics in detail if we want to know what the scie nee is. Some authors assert that scie nee in

29、fact is a ki nd of method - scie ntific method. This definition is over-simplified .But obviously the scientific method plays an important role in decid ing the n ature of the scie ntific kno wledge.lO.Tra nslatio n for refere nee:Fujian Fuxin Yizhen Bio-engineering Co.,Ltd. is a high-tech joint ven

30、ture eofounded by Hon gsha n Group and Hong Kong Fux in In vestme nt Co.,Ltd, with registered capital up to RMB 20 millio ns. The compa ny is in possessi on of abundant tech ni cal resources, tech ni cal and man agerial tale nts above college or polytech nic school acco unt for 30% of its staff. Wha

31、t's more, tightly-k nit partn ership has bee n established with a nu mber of domestic scie ntific research in stituti ons.Treasuri ng the spirit of hon esty of Fux in and adheri ng to the spirit of un ity, hard work, realism, innovation and sacrifice ” of Hongshan, the company is advancing with

32、vigor and enthusiasm and will become more and more prosperous.11. Tra nslati on for refere nee:In reviewi ng our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remai n in our econo mic and social developme nt. We must always put the in terests of the people first, truly protect the people s economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular atte nti on to solv ing acute problems affect ing their vital in terests,