美国音乐文化介绍(英文)American music styles

1、AmeicanAmeican Music MusicMusic is more than just sound - it is a way of thinking! When we listen to music, sing and dance, or play an instrument, we are also becoming better thinkers. Music intelligence is one of our eight human intelligences. We can learn language from songs and chants咏唱. Some peo

2、ple study better with music on!MusicMusic of the United States The music of the United States reflects the countrys multi-ethnic population through a diverse array rei一系列 of styles. Rock and roll摇滚乐 , blues, country, rhythm rim韵律 and jazz节奏爵士, pop流行音乐 , and hip hop are among the countrys most intern

3、ationally-renowned genres. The United States has the worlds largest music industry and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.Styles of American Music v Jazzv R&Bv Rockv Hip hop/ rapv P

4、op v Country musicJAZZJAZZJAZZ- - -爵士樂爵士樂爵士樂Part 1 Jazz Jazz is a style of music that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence knflu:ns汇集 of African and European music traditions. From its early development until

5、the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. Origins African music was largely functional for work or ritual, and included work songs and field hollers叫喊. The African tradition made use of a single-line melody曲调 and call-and-response pattern, but withou

6、t the European concept of harmony. Rhythms reflected African speech patterns, and the African use of pentatonic ,penttnik五音的 scales led to blue notes in blues and jazz.Elements of Jazz Jazz is very hard to describe because there are now many different styles of jazz. Common instruments used in Jazz

7、music are trumpet小号 , piano, and saxophone Improvisation m,prvzen即兴创作 is a key element. Scat-singing 拟声唱法 is also common.JazzThough originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West Af

8、rican cultural and musical expression, and in African American music traditions including blues and ragtime切分乐曲 , as well as European military band music.Part 2Rock & rollRock & roll music is a kind of type, originated in the 1940s and 1950s end of early American pop, quickly became popular

9、in the world. Rock with its flexible bold expression and passion music rhythm expression of emotion, is widely accepted by the young people around the world. Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B. Rocks exact origins and early influences have been hotly debated, and are the subj

10、ects of much scholarship. Though squarely in the blues tradition, rock took elements from Afro-Caribbean and Latin musical techniques. Rock was an urban style, formed in the areas where diverse populations resulted in the mixtures of African American, Latin and European genres ranging from the blues

11、 and country to polka 波尔卡舞曲 and zydeco 柴迪科舞曲. Rock and roll first entered popular music through a style called rockabilly山区乡村摇滚乐(起源于美国东南部) , which fused 融合 the nascent 初期的 sound with elements of country music. Black-performed rock and roll had previously had limited mainstream success, but it was th

12、e white performer Elvis Presley who first appealed to mainstream audiences with a black style of music, becoming one of the best-selling musicians in history, and brought rock and roll to audiences across the world. Even though Rock music keeps changing through the years, the drums and electric guit

13、ar are always there. Most Rock fans are white peopleElvis Aron Presley ：Love Me Tender Heartbreak Hotel 猫王Bill Haley Bill Haley was called the father of rock, founder of the rock. Bill Haley 被称之为摇滚乐之父，也是摇滚乐的创始人。 heavy metal 重金属重金属 coryphaeus,krifis 主唱者主唱者guitar 吉他 drum-set 架子鼓 keyboard 键盘 bass 贝斯贝斯C

14、razy 疯狂疯狂Passion 激情 Part 3 Country music Country music is a kind of contemporary pop music, originated in the southern United States and Appalachia mountains. Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional folk music, integrated with Gospel music福音音乐, Celtic music and classical music. The

15、 melody of country music is generally very smooth, beautiful and the phrasing structure also is simple.History of Country Music In the 1950s, American music was about other things, for example, love and money. In the 1960s, songs were often full of anger, and some of them made fun of the political l

16、eaders. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USAmoney, success or expensive things to buy. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone. most popular in the US coun

17、tryside and somewhat popular in the cities but not very popular outside the US. Common themes: life in rural America, love, crime, and prison life. Country Music Instruments Common instruments used in country music include the fiddle (violin), banjo bnd 班卓琴 /五弦琴 , and slide-guitar 滑棒吉他 . Today count

18、ry music has become a big business. It brings in a lot of money. Now, it has reached all parts of the States, from Los Angeles in the west to New York in the east. It remains much the same as before. One subject is “the good old days ”. In “the good old days” people thought well of each other. Peopl

19、e loved life in the open air. They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing, walks in the beauty of the country, friends and music.Jimmie Rodgers Country musics father JimmieRodgersJimmieRodgers对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经济最不景气的时期度过，而他的演出又常集中

20、在最贫穷的地区，但当我们在他美国经济最不景气的时期度过，而他的演出又常集中在最贫穷的地区，但当我们在他的纪念专辑封套上读到：的纪念专辑封套上读到：“在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏进商店，买了一些在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏进商店，买了一些生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最新唱片生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最新唱片”时，我们不会不为之感动他是时，我们不会不为之感动他是“村里会唱歌的小伙子村里会唱歌的小伙子”，也是老百姓心中的英雄，也是老百姓心中的英雄 Jimmie Rodgers to American country musics influence is huge, alt

21、hough most of his career in the U.S. economy is the weakest, and he spent time and often focus on the performance of the poorest regions, but when we are in his album covers read: “in his heyday全盛期 , not bounteous banti:s 慷慨的 villagers stepped into the grocery store and bought some necessities. All

22、will have another of his latest album,”. He is “the village sing guy, but also people hero.Accordion 手风琴手风琴Autoharp 竖琴竖琴 Harmonica 口琴口琴Piano 钢琴钢琴 Drums 鼓鼓 Fiddle 小提琴小提琴 American country music in different times Times Subjects 1990s 1950s 1960s 1) feeling alone in the modern world2) the value of havi

23、ng good friends1) love-getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend2) money was also thought to be important1) were often full of anger 2) often made fun of political leadersAmerican country music (returned)results homescopesingersequipmentsubject1.big business2.brings in a lot of moneyNashville纳什维尔(

24、美国田纳西州首府), Tennesseeall parts of the worldnot just from the States but from all over the worlda lot of electrical equipmentthe good old daysAmerican country music todaysorts Early Country 早期乡村乐 Cowboy 牛仔音乐 Western Swing西部摇摆 Blue Grass 兰草音乐 Honkyu-Tonk酒吧音乐 Rockabilly 乡土摇滚 The Nashville Sound 纳什维尔之声 C

25、ountry-rock 乡村摇滚 Outlaw叛道运动 New Traditional Country新传统主义 New Country新乡村音乐 Retro回归音乐John Denver1943 burn in New Mexico, he learned architecture at university.1971 He came to the front for Take Me Home, Country Roads（乡村之路）.His songs were full of his love to the hometown, the respect of nature, the adm

26、ire of life and the hope of a beautiful world.1997 When he drived his pubble-jumper, the plane fell. Then he left his funs forever.His famous songs: Take Me Home, Country Roads Rocky Mountain High高高洛基山 African Sunshine非洲的黎明George Strait1952.5.18 Burn at Texas.He was one of the most famous country mu

27、sic singers in 1980s. 1971 He joined the army.1973 He bought a cheap geta.He formed a band named Rambling Country. 1975 He gone back home and went to Sounthwest Tesxas university studying agriculture. 1979 He recorded his firse album in MCA。After that,Straitstayed on the top for a long time.1992 He

28、take part in the film Pure Country.Four songs of this film went to the top of broadcast.His famous songs: I Saw God Today It Just Comes Natural Good News, Bad News Murder On Music RowShania Twain1965.8.28 Burn in Ontario Canada，she was the most popular morden country music singer after Garth Brooks

29、in the middle of 1990s. She began to learn guitar,creative and singing when she was very young. 。1993 first album Shania Twain1996 Recived the village Grammy Award singer(格莱美最佳乡村女歌手奖)by Any man of mine .Her famous songs:What Made You Say That(1993) 是什么让你说起那些Any Man Of Mine(1996）我的男人Youar Still The O

30、ne(1999） 你是我的唯一From This Moment On就从此刻起 Taylor Alison Swift 泰勒泰勒斯威夫特斯威夫特 American country music female artist, will use acoustic guitar, piano. 美国乡村音乐女创作歌手，会用木美国乡村音乐女创作歌手，会用木吉他、钢琴演奏。吉他、钢琴演奏。 Favorite Female Country Artist 最受欢迎乡村女艺人最受欢迎乡村女艺人 Best New Artist 最佳新人奖最佳新人奖 Part 4 R&B的全名是Rhythm & B

31、lues，一般译作 “节奏布鲁斯”(R&B)，时至今日，R&B已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词，尽管它更多的是作为一种区别于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐(Soul)、都市歌(Urban)的音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。 Rhythm and Blues is the full translation of “R&B”. Today, R&B music has become the pronoun of black popular, although it is more of a kind of difference in Rap, Soul, Urban s

32、ong (music by the situation) types of special audience and record circles mentioned.R&B Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed pred

33、ominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when “urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat” was becoming more popular. 早期的摇滚乐就是以R&B为基础的，它是由受流行音乐影响的“乡村和西部音乐”延展而来。R&B不仅仅是在布鲁斯和摇滚乐之间的一种重要的过渡音乐，它还是布鲁斯和灵魂乐之间最重要的音乐分支。 Early in the rock, R&B, it is the basis for the pop

34、ular music influence country and western music. R&B is not only in the blues and rock music is a kind of important between the music, it still transition between Bruce and soul music is the most important.RKelly 罗伯特凯利，美国R&B巨星，1967年1月8日出生于美国最大的湖港城市，伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的南部地区，全球卖出超过一亿五千万张专辑的惊人销售量、一千五百万张的单

35、曲销售数字、13首单曲排行冠军纪录，R.Kelly成为90年代至今最具代表性的畅销天王之一。 R. Kelly是美国R&B和说唱音乐中最出色的歌手，制作人和词曲作者之一，由他制作的音乐总能很好的把说唱音乐，R&B音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融合在一起并创造出优美的旋律，因而能够得到R. Kelly制作的专辑决不会让歌迷的耳朵受罪，同时他本人还是90年代专辑销量最好的男歌手之一。最佳灵魂乐最佳灵魂乐/R&B女歌手女歌手The best soul/R&B singer格莱美音乐大奖格莱美音乐大奖 Grammy R&B singer global sales of t

36、he best全球销量最佳全球销量最佳R&B女歌手女歌手Part 5Hip Hop嘻哈嘻哈 说唱说唱 Hip-Hop Hip hop first emerged among young urban blacks in New York City during the late 1970s/early 1980s. By the late 1990s Hip-hop had become more popular than Rock music in America. hip-hop是20多年前始于美国街头的一种黑人文化，也泛指rap（说唱乐）。hip-hop 文化的四种表现方式包括ra

37、p （有节奏、押韵地说话）、b-boying（街 舞）、dj-ing（玩唱片及唱盘技巧）、raffiti writing（涂 鸦 艺 术）。 因此rap （说 唱 乐）只是hip-hop 文化中的一种元素，要加上其它舞蹈、服饰、生活态度等才构成完整的hip-hop 文 化。 说唱起源于60年代，而作为音乐理解的HipHop则起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP(有时候会加一点R&B)。这是一种完全自由式即兴式的音乐。这种音乐不带有任何程式化，拘束的成分。在任何时间，任何地点你都可以炫Hip hop 只要你high 。 HipHop从字面上来看，Hip是臀部，Hop是摇摆，加在一起就是轻

38、扭摆臀，是以前美国的蹦迪。原先指的是雏形阶段的街舞(也就是我们以前说的霹雳舞)，后来才逐渐发展成一种巨大的概念我们现在说的HipHop文化还包括了那些宽大的衣服、沉甸甸的纯金饰品、平时说起话来就“YoYo?whats up？men！”的口语习惯总之就是那种美国贫民街区里黑人的生活方式以及他们的“范儿”。 Jay-ZRap godfather（说唱界教父说唱界教父 ）Real Name（本名） Shawn Corey CarterAmerican hip-hop music artist, entrepreneur. In April 2008 with Beyonce marriage. Mo

39、st NBA players are listening to songs of JAY Z美国嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业美国嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业家，于在家，于在2008年年4月月4日与碧日与碧昂丝结婚。昂丝结婚。NBA大部分球员大部分球员都是听着都是听着JAY-Z的歌长大的的歌长大的冠军专辑数：11张（历史第二，超越猫王，仅次于披头士） 在新一周的Billboard 200专辑榜中，东海岸说唱达人Jay Z的新作American Gangster为他赢得了他在Billboard专辑榜中的第十个冠军。据Nielsen SoundScan统计，American Gangster在美国上市第一周的销量为

40、42万5千张。至此，Jay Z已经追平了“猫王”埃尔维斯普莱斯利(Elvis Presley)10张冠军专辑的纪录。目前，Jay Z和Elvis Presley仍落后于披头士乐队(The Beatles)19张冠军专辑的最高纪录。自从1998年以来，Jay Z的全部八张个人专辑全部都在Billboard 200专辑榜中夺魁，而他和林肯公园乐队(Linkin Park)合作的Collision Course以及同R.凯利(R.Kelly)合作的专辑Unfinished Business也都非常轻松地在Billboard 200专辑榜中称霸。Jay-Z是美国说唱界的超级明星，同时是The 40/4

41、0体育酒吧连锁店的合伙人，Def Jam唱片公司的前任首席执行官，Roc-A-Fella唱片公司的三位创始人之一，并开创了Rocawear品牌服饰。 The four elements of hip-hop Rapping DJ-ingBreak dancing Graffiti ArtPart 6 Pop Music流行音樂Pop Music Pop music is hard to describe because its just music that is popular at any given time. Pop music may be very similar to Rap,

42、R&B, Rock or even Country music but it is designed to have mass appeal.Pop music is often a fusion of styles Part 7 Classical Music 古典乐Development HistoryMedieval Period 中世纪时期 (1450年前) Major in poetry主要以诗篇为主Baroque 巴洛克时期 (约为公元16001750) Fantasia, overture幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主义时期(约公元17501820) Sonata奏

43、鸣曲Romanticism浪漫主义时期(约为公元18201900) This period of music pay more attention to express ones mental state and subjective feelings, the natural scenery of the performance also increasingly prominent, the creation of ethnic and folk music on the use of more attention and frequent. 这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情

44、，对自然景物的表现也愈加突出，创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。 Leonard Bernstein 伦纳德伦纳德伯恩斯坦伯恩斯坦 （19181990) The most outstanding music command master美国最杰出的音乐指挥大师He is a conductor, composers, performers collection, educators, theorists in the art world masters, its artistic attainments. The international public opinion thinks

45、, “he left blank is difficult to fill the”.他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师，其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，术大师，其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，“他所留下的空白他所留下的空白是难以填补的是难以填补的”。 The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)or Grammysare presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Scie