南极磷虾论文：南极磷虾拖网设计与性能分析

1、南极磷虾论文：南极磷虾拖网设计与性能分析【中文摘要】南极磷虾是南极动物的主要摄食对象,其资源量尤为丰富,南极磷虾资源广泛分布于覆盖南极区域内的海域中。目前全球先后已有近20个国家和地区对南极大磷虾进行试捕和商业性开发。我国对南极磷虾的开发生产仍处在起步阶段,现阶段我国开发南极磷虾具有重要意义。本文通过对南极磷虾拖网模型试验研究来进行网具性能分析及拖网优化设计,对我国南极磷虾的开发生产起到一定的推进作用。本文选择两种中层拖网为母型网,根据“1号网”(上海开创远洋渔业公司用)和“2号网”(辽宁渔业集团用)设计制作模型网并进行水槽模型试验,方案包括网具选择、网具优化、导网及衬网设计与安装等。研究内容

2、包括:(1)对两顶模型网进行性能分析,主要包括不同拖速下的网口扩张,网具阻力变化,网型情况等;(2)不同浮沉力配备对网具水动力性能的影响;(3)不同叉纲长度对网具的水动力影响,主要包括网口垂直扩张、阻力变化及网型变化等;(4)低拖速下网具的调节方法,主要测试不同网板扩张对网具拖曳水层和水动力影响;(5)不同作业水层的网具调节工艺(主要包括拖曳速度和曳纲调节),以及网具拖曳水层的测定技术。(6)在正交优化试验中,主要调整浮沉比(因素A,分别取0.8、1.0、1.2)、空纲长度(因素B,分别取100m、130m、160m)、叉纲长度(因素C,分别取35m、45m、55m)3个主要参数。模型试验完成

3、2顶拖网,在3种L/S情况下的5级拖速性能测定,共30次拖曳试验,此外还进行了增加衬网和超低L/S时的网具性能测定,共20次拖曳试验。试验结果表明:(1)同一顶网的网具阻力随拖速和L/S的增加而增加,网口高度随拖速和L/S的增加而降低,网具阻力和网口高度随速度变化而呈指数改变,相关性显著;(2)2号网的网形优于1号网,1号网网头较胖,网身局部斜率需进一步优化,同时配纲也需作适当调整,整体而言,1号网的网形较不理想;2号网网身网形在各级拖速下均能保持较好的流线形;(3)2号网的能耗系数变化较1号网平滑,增加导网对网具水动力性能几乎没有影响。增加衬网后,在3.0kn拖速下,网口高度较未增加衬网时降

4、低50%,网具阻力增加270%。当极低L/S(0.2)时,网具能耗系数较L/S为0.44时增加40%,网形较差;(4)优化试验结果表明:在L/S=0.45时,最优组合为A3B3C1;L/S=0.5时,最优组合为A2B3C3;L/S=0.55时,最优组合为A2B3C3。【英文摘要】The Antarctic krill is the main feeding object among the Antarctic animals. It have rich resources in the Antarctic. The Antarctic krill resources widely distri

5、buted within the region covered most of the Antarctic waters. At present nearly 20 countries and regions have tested on the Antarctic krill, catching and large commercial development. And our country for the Antarctic krill development and production are still at initial stage. At present, it is imp

6、ortant significance to develop the Antarctic krill for our country. This article through to the Antarctic krill trawl model test study optimizing the aft. It is important for development and production of the Antarctic krill in China. This test select of two middle trawling for mother type nets. The

7、 No.1net (Shanghai create companies use of pelagic fishery) and the No.2 net (Liao ning fishery group use krill trawl) in the basis of flume experimental for design and production model nets. This paper research contents include: (1) Two kinds of model nets for performance analysis ,includes differe

8、nt ether net port expansion of drag speed aft resistance changes, nets type situation; (2) Different as well as floating and gravitational forces performance with the influence of the aft; (3) Different fork length on the aft outline hydrodynamic influence, including hydrodynamic influence ether net

9、 port vertical expansion, resistance changes, and nets type change; (4) Under low drag speed adjustment methods, main test different halftone expansion to hydrodynamic drag layer and the aft influence; (5)Different assignments water adjust process gears (Mainly includes towing speed and drag the out

10、line regulation), and the determination of gears drag water technology. (6)In optimizing the test, adjustment the proportion of the floating and gravitational (factor A , were taken 0.8, 1.0, 1.2), empty outline length (factors B, were taken 100m 130m, 160m), fork length (factors C were taken 35m, 4

11、5m, 55m), three major parameters.In this paper, the cistern of model test plan includes gears selection, gears conducted a total of 20 drag tests .Test results show that: Test results show that: (1)Net for the same roof with drag resistance with speed and L / S increases; Ethernet port height with t

12、ow speed and L / S decreased with the increase; Network of resistance and ether net port with a high degree change with the speed of change exponentially,significantly related;(2)The type of the No.2 net better than No.1 net. Ethernet port of No.1net fatter than No.1,s. And the nets body and matchs

13、the outline need to be further optimized. Overall, the type of the No.1 net is not good. The type and body of No.2 net in the various network under tow speed it can maintain good stream line; (3)The No.2 with the change of energy consumption coefficients more smooth than the No.1, s. It is no influe

14、nce to increase the aft guide nets hydrodynamic performance. After increase lining net, in 3.0 kn drag speed, without increasing the height of Ethernet port lining nets over 50%.Net increase of 27% with resistance.When extremely low L/S (0.2), the aft L/S energy consumption coefficient over 40% incr

15、ease 0.44, the type of net is lower.(4) Optimization experiment results show: when L/S = 0.45, the optimal combination is A3B3C1; When L/S = 0.45, the optimal combination is A3B3C1; When L/S = 0.55, the optimal combination is A2B3C3.【关键词】南极磷虾 拖网 模型试验 优化设计【英文关键词】The Antarctic krill Trawl net Model te

16、st Optimization design【目录】南极磷虾拖网设计与性能分析摘要3-5Abstract5-6第一章 引言9-251.1 南极磷虾资源概述9-181.1.1 开发背景9-101.1.2 南极磷虾生物学10-121.1.3 南极磷虾资源分布、产量及开发情况12-151.1.4 南极磷虾的加工、运输和销售15-181.2 国内外研究现状18-231.2.1 南极磷虾的开发181.2.2 磷虾的捕捞技术18-201.2.3 南极磷虾拖网设计20-231.3 本文研究目的和主要内容23-251.3.1 研究的目的和意义23-241.3.2 主要内容24-25第二章 南极磷虾拖网海上调查

17、25-342.1 材料与方法25-322.1.1 调查渔船概况25-262.1.2 调查站位26-272.1.3 磷虾拖网具参数27-292.1.4 助渔助航设备29-302.1.5 结果分析30-322.2 结果322.3 本章小结32-342.3.1 存在的问题322.3.2 建议32-332.3.3 提供模型网参数依据33-34第三章 南极磷虾拖网模型实验34-483.1 材料与方法34-373.1.1 实验设备343.1.2 实物网选型34-353.1.3 模型网具换算35-363.1.4 具体实验步骤36-373.2 结果分析37-473.2.1 试验完成结果37-383.2.2 实物网性能换算38-403.2.3