定语从句汇总讲解1

1、定语从句(一)英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for -nothing. 不懂装懂,一事无成.2. It's the first step that costs.千里之行,始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.    . 概念:    1. 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句

2、。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词, 短语, 或整个主句。3. 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用:1. 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2. 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语)定语从句三步:第一 找出先行词;第二 看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三 选择合适的关系词。. 几个关系代词的基本用法:   that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who

3、或 whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. _2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?_3. You can take anything ( that) you like. _4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?_5. Here is the man ( who

4、/whom/that ) you want to see. _6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before._7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be._= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be.which:

5、 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father. _2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting._3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. _    4. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned F

6、rench. _5. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. _who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人 whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。 I like the students who/that work hard. _ All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, thos

7、e, all, one等后多用who.)  Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. _   He's a man from whom we should learn. _ = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.  比较:He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.He is

8、 the student who you think is worth praising.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. _ I'd like a room whose window faces south. _=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:that & which:  

9、 在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况. 先行词为不定代词, all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,We should do all _ is useful to the people.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。That's the very word _ is wrongl

10、y used.       比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.   *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。 When we talk about Wuxi, the first _ comes into mind is Tai Lake.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时

11、。The most important thing _ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如:The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about is really well known.被修饰词为数词时. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two _

12、 are still alive .如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。 Edison built up a factory which produced things _ had never been seen before.疑问词是which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。Which is the book _ you like best?被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时, 该关系代词宜用that .1. That's a good book _ will help you a l

13、ot.2. My home village is no longer the place (_) it used to be.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: 当关系代词的前面有介词时.A zoo is a park in _ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.在非限制性定语从句中.Crusoe's dog, _ was are now very old, became ill and died.在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .Let me

14、 show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.    当关系代词后面带有插入语时.Here's the English grammar _, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that _ she is looking at?先行词是those+复数名词.A shop should keep a stock o

15、f those goods _ sell best.(B) who & that: who 和 that 指代人时,有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如:The person I want to learn from is the one _ studies hard and works well. 在There be 结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如:There is a gentleman _ wants to se

16、e you. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如:I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon _ could speak Chinese very well.  一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如:The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor _ is very modest and works very hard.随堂练习一、 用适当的关系词填空：1. I dont

17、 look down upon the boy_father is now in prison.2. Whats the name of the girl_ just came in ?3. Do you know the woman to_you were talking?4. The train_ has just left is for shanghai.5. Everything_can be done has been done.6. I know the boy _ can speak English well.7. I have a friend _ father is a te

18、acher.8. This is the only book _ I got last year9. Is this the book in _ you are interested?10. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.11. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 12. All _I need is just a cup of water.13. He is the famous scientist _ will give us a lecture next week.14. A good teacher is one _ students not only respect but also love.15. On my way home I