2015-2016高一英语自学导案定从

1、定语从句先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 先行词是物用which，that 先行词是人用 who，that关系代词在从句中的作用： 主语、宾语、表语 e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)注意点：1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. The man who lives next d

2、oor sells vegetables.2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whome.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：e

3、.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for.whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.注意点：在定语从句中，whose作

4、定语，其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.Wheres the window whose glass is broken?关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, village, house, case, situation, s

5、cenes, point等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。如： There are occasions when (=on which) you have to tell lies. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The

6、 factory where his father worked has closed. (作状语)比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. (作主语)(2) Ill never forget the days when we lived together. (作状语)比较：Ill never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (作及物动词spent的宾语)(3) The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten ba

7、d meat. (作状语，用关系副词)比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously made up.(作gave的宾语)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, wh

8、o is only 19 years old. 注意点：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well. which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad. 习惯上只用that不用which引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, no

9、thing, something, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。如：All that can be done has been done. He will tell you everything that he heard about it. (2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。如：This is the first film that I have seen since I came h

10、ere.This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This is the very book that I am looking for. (3)先行词又有人又有物。如：They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. (4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：Which is the house that caught fire last night?

11、 Who is the lady that is playing the piano? (5)有两个定从，其中一个关系代词已用which, 避免重复另一个用that。如： They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(7)主句以there be 开头时。There is a seat in the c

12、orner that is still free.只用which不用that引导的定语从句。(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。 （which引导的非限制性定从只能放在主句之后）He has made great progress, which made us happy. (2) 作介词宾语且指代物。 The house in which we live is not large.(3)当先行词本身that是时Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?(4)当关系代词后面带有插入语时Ive bought you some books which I

13、think may interest you.只用who不用that(1)先行词是one, ones或anyone时One who does not work hard will never succeed.(2)先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.(3)当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.way,

14、 reason, time三个词作先行词要尤其注意:(1) way 作先行词，如果在从句中作状语，引导词则可以用that，in which，或省略不填；如果在从句中作主语或宾语，则正常用。 The way that/ in which/省略 you solved the problem was very good. (作状语) The way that/ which/省略 you told me was very good. (作宾语)(2) reason作先行词，如果在从句中作状语，引导词则可以用why或 for which; 如果在从句中作主语或宾语，则正常用。 He gave us th

15、e reason why/ for which he was late. The reason that/ which/省略 he gave us was not true.(3) time 作先行词,前面如有序数词和last 修饰,不用when, 而用that，或什么都不用； This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson. I dont know the exact time when the sports meet will take place.补充： as, which的比较在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个

16、部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.如从句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有正如就象之意时，用asWe won the match,

17、as we had expected.当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用asThis is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.另注意 She is so nice a girl as we all like. (定从)比较： She is so nice a girl

18、that we all like her.（结果状从）练练看：1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the  others unhappy.     A. whichB. whoC. thisD. what2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child.   A.

19、 which            B. when                C. that                   D. where 3. T

20、he gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.  A. who                     B. about whom      C. whom         D. with

21、whom 4. Please take any seat _is free.  A. which            B. where                      C. in which     

22、;    D. that5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.  A. one of whom B. both of them      C. all of whom        D. none of them6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).  A. by which  

23、;            B. by that                     C. where               D. in wh

24、ich7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)，_ has more than 100 storeys.  A. the higher of them   B. the highest of whichC. the highest of them   D. some of which8. My home village is no longer the same _it used to be.  A. which    

25、          B. as                   C. where               D. when9. In the office I never seem t

26、o have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_many people have gone home.  A. whose time    B. that                   C. at which            D. by

27、 which time10. The boy_ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.  A. who                     B. whose            &

28、#160;  C. that                   D. which11. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect.   A. what             B

29、. which               C. that                  D. it12. Mr. Wang is a boss, _ factory Li Ping worked.  A. in whose      &#