202X版高考英语二轮复习第一部分板块一第二部分第5讲不可忽视的小词——冠词、代词、介词（短语）和动词短语课件

1、(二)代词(三)介词(短语)和动词短语(一)冠词目 录ONTENTS第一部分 专项增分练板块一 语法板块 语法填空和短文改错 两题型，语法牵，夺取满分不一般第二部分 考点通关第5讲不可忽视的小词冠词、代词、介词(短语)和动词短语(一一)冠词冠词析考点析考点规律探密规律探密典题体验透视命题规典题体验透视命题规律律 考点练悟考点练悟1(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted，we thought it was joke.2(2019高考浙江卷高考浙江卷)Everybody wears same style of cl

2、othes.3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs. a the the 4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.5(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New Yo

3、rk.6The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, other is with mumshe never suspects.7Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. theathea8He owned farm, which looked almost abandoned.9

4、The adobe dwellings (土坯房土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.10(2019济宁市模拟济宁市模拟)Later, Hongbao developed into more general best wishes and a blessing on young.athethe 自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题号对应题号我的薄弱环我的薄弱环节节1冠词的基本用法冠词的基本用法1,2,4

5、,5,82冠词的固定搭配或冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法习惯用法3,6,7,9,10要点提炼要点提炼1不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的基本用法(1)表示泛指某个人或事物。表示泛指某个人或事物。(2)用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。(3)表示表示“某一个某一个”，相当于，相当于a certain。(4)用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。(5)用于固定搭配中。用于固定搭配中。2定冠词的基本用法定冠词的基本用法(1)特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示

6、一类人或物。用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。(3)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。等之前。(4)用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。(5)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。表示某个年代。(6)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。(7)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。用于世界上独一无二的事物前。考点练悟考点练悟(单句改错请按

7、照高考要求直接在原句上修改单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.2(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)As the kid，I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how man

8、y times I asked to watch them，my parents would not let me.4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.5(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical i

9、nstruments.6My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.7But in that case, we will learn little about world.8There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题对应题号号我的薄弱环节我的薄弱环节1冠词的基本用法的错冠词的基本用法的错用用3,62冠词的缺失或多余冠词的缺失或多余2,5,7

10、,83a和和an的错用的错用1,4 特别提示特别提示(二二)代词代词析考点析考点规律探密规律探密典题体验透视命题规律典题体验透视命题规律 考点练悟考点练悟1(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.2(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people we

11、re using every day.themit3(2017高考浙江卷高考浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt (I)，”says Pahlsson.4On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.5A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog.myself its its 自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题号对应题号我的薄弱环我的薄弱环节节

12、1人称代词、反身代人称代词、反身代词、物主代词词、物主代词1,3,4,52代词代词it的用法的用法2解题规则解题规则1人称代词主格在句中只能作主语，一般在纯空格题中考人称代词主格在句中只能作主语，一般在纯空格题中考查。查。2人称代词宾格在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。人称代词宾格在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。3形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语。形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语。4名词性物主代词相当于名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词形容词性物主代词名词”，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。5反身代词在句中作宾语、主语或宾语的同位语。反身代词在句中作宾语、主语或宾

13、语的同位语。6it可以指代前面提到的物，或猜测不确定的人，或指时间、可以指代前面提到的物，或猜测不确定的人，或指时间、距离、环境、天气等，还可作形式主语或形式宾语，或用于距离、环境、天气等，还可作形式主语或形式宾语，或用于强调结构。强调结构。7all，both，neither，either，none，any的用法：的用法：(1)both，neither，either：both表示表示“两者都两者都”；neither表表示示“两者都不两者都不”；either表示表示“(两者中的两者中的)任何一个任何一个”。(2)all，none，any：表示：表示“三者或三者以上都三者或三者以上都”用用all；

14、表示；表示“都不都不”用用none；表示其中的；表示其中的“任一任一”用用any。8one，the one，the ones，that，those的用法：的用法：在文中为避免重复，在文中为避免重复，one(s)，that，those等都可以用来代替等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。上文出现的名词。(1)one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于“a/an单数名词单数名词”；ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词，用来代替前面出现的复数名词，也表泛指。也表泛指。 (2)that代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，所代替的名代替前面提到的同类异物中

15、特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。(3)those代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于可数名词复数，相当于the ones。9another，the other，other，others的用法：的用法：another表示表示“(三者或三者以上中的三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个另一个，再一个”；the other表示表示“(两者中的两者中的)另一个另一个”；other表示表示

16、“其余的，其余的，另外的另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。泛指其余的人或物。考点练悟考点练悟(单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.2(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks

17、，and another animals.3(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.5If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.6I wanted to do anything s

18、pecial for him at his retirement party. 7Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. 自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题号对应题号我的薄弱环节我的薄弱环节1人称代词、反身代词、人称代词、反身代词、物主代词的错用物主代词的错用1,4,52不定代词的错用不定代词的错用2,3,6,7特别提示特别提示(三三)介词介词(短语短语)和动词短语和动词短语析考点析考点规律探密规律探密典题体验透视命题规律典题体验透视命题规律 考点练悟考点练悟1(2019高考浙江卷高考浙江卷)The answer this

19、 question is not clear.2(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs，seven to be exact.3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. to offor4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terribl

20、e crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.5(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture. 6Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally

21、 eat their hands.from inwith7But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid1990s.8Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.toon自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题号对应题号我的薄弱环我的薄弱环节节1高频介词的基本用法高频介词的基本用法5,62介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配1,2,3,4,7,8解题规则解题规则介词介词/介词短语介词短语/动词短语的

22、考查：一是考查固定搭配中的介动词短语的考查：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语、动词短语。词；二是考查介词短语、动词短语。1表示方位的表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by, near, between, among, across, through, over和和past等。等。2表示时间点的表示时间点的at, in和和on。3表示时间段的表示时间段的for和和since。4表示表示“用用”的的by, in和和with。5表示表示“除除外外”的的except, except for和和besides。6其他常考介词的用法。其他常考介词的用法。考点练悟考点练悟(单

23、句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.2. (2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，and he agreed.3(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)When I look at this pic

24、ture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 4Now I am leaving home to college. 5Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 6Please help with me and give me some advice. 自主归纳自主归纳考向考向对应题号对应题号我的薄弱环节我的薄弱环节1介词的错用介词的错用4,52介词的缺失或介词的缺失或多余多余1,2,3,6特别提示特别提示 刷题组刷题组题型突破题型突破 即时演练巩固复习成果即时演练巩固复习成果.单句语法填空单句语法填空1(2019大庆二

25、模大庆二模)My mum and dad tried to help by giving me simulated (模拟的模拟的) interviews one after . I was ready before the interview.答案：答案：another2(2019台州高三质检台州高三质检)She took a glance the woods up the street.答案：答案：at3(2019雅安高三质检雅安高三质检)If something goes wrong, then people in New Zealand are more likely to give

26、others second chance so that they can prove (them) or show that things can be done differently.答案：答案：a; themselves4(2019大同考前模拟大同考前模拟)Highspeed trains have shortened journey from Beijing to the coastal city Tianjin to half an hour.答案：答案：the5When comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we

27、dont do what we know.答案：答案：it6(2019醴陵二模醴陵二模)The movement of the body is related the yin and yang forces.答案：答案：to7If we can change our attitude things in the world, we can certainly adjust our emotions.答案：答案：to/towards8The villagers collected money to set up a monument memory of those who died in the

28、 great earthquake.答案：答案：in9My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very particular the food he eats.答案：答案：about10(2019雅安高三质检雅安高三质检)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.答案：答案：by.易错练习易错练习1(2019安徽安庆模拟安徽安庆模拟)Even though our eyes are closed, they move rapidly f

29、rom side side.答案：答案：to2The language used in advertisements differs from used in ordinary readings.答案：答案：that3(2019枣庄二模枣庄二模)All effective language teaching in the world is built the basis of oral language. 答案：答案：on4Im 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is in progress.答案：答案：an5

30、The concert was such success that it was expected to run for a second night.答案：答案：a.单句改错单句改错1(2019佛山二模佛山二模)Make the good use of water from now on, and we together will make a big difference.2(2019山西考前模拟山西考前模拟)I believe in this school rule is beneficial to every student.3(2019赣州一模赣州一模)Helping others

31、makes myself happy.4(2019石家庄一模石家庄一模)On the morning of that day this year, our class met at the school gate and went to a Hope Primary School by the bus. 5(2019南昌二模南昌二模)In word, my village has become a green one. 6(2019广州二模广州二模)He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people

32、with his life. .语法填空语法填空 George Washington was the first President of the United States of America.His first term 1. president was from 1789 to 1793 and his second term from 1793 to 1797. 2. he became president，he played important roles in the army, 3. (lead) the American Continental Army to victory

33、 over the British in 1793.Washington is often seen as the father of the United States and is probably the best 4. (know) American politician ever. The likeness and the name of George Washington can still be seen in many places.There is the portrait of 5. (he) and three other American presidents carv

34、ed into Mount Rushmore National Memorial.His image is also used on 6. onedollar bill and the quarterdollar coin.At least three universities 7. (name) after him.Washingtons Birthday was first celebrated as a holiday in Columbia in 1990.It was made a federal holiday in 1995.The holiday was 8. (origina

35、l) held on the anniversary of Washingtons birth，on February 22.In 1971，this holiday was moved to the 9. (three) Monday in February. This holiday is legally designated as “Washingtons Birthday”Though other institutions such as local governments and private 10. (business) may use other names，it is the

36、 federal governments policy to always refer to holidays by the names designated in the law. 语篇解读语篇解读乔治乔治华盛顿是美国历史上第一位总统，华盛顿是美国历史上第一位总统，也是刻入拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园的四位伟大的总统之一。也是刻入拉什莫尔山国家纪念公园的四位伟大的总统之一。美国人民非常崇拜华盛顿，将他的诞辰纪念日定于二月份的美国人民非常崇拜华盛顿，将他的诞辰纪念日定于二月份的第三个星期一。第三个星期一。1解析：解析：考查介词。根据上下文语境分析，此处表示作为考查介词。根据上下文语境分析，此处表示作

37、为总统的第一个任期是从总统的第一个任期是从1789年到年到1793年，第二个任期是从年，第二个任期是从1793年到年到1797年。年。as当作，作为。当作，作为。答案：答案：as2解析：解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，他在当选总统之前，考查连词。根据语境可知，他在当选总统之前，在军队中起着重要作用。故填从属连词在军队中起着重要作用。故填从属连词before。 注意首字母注意首字母大写。大写。答案：答案：Before3解析：解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示他在军中担任要职，考查非谓语动词。此处表示他在军中担任要职，他领导的美国大陆军于他领导的美国大陆军于1793年战胜英军。主语年战胜英军。主语he与

38、动词与动词lead之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。 答案：答案：leading4解析：解析：考查词性转换。由语境和句式结构分析，空格处考查词性转换。由语境和句式结构分析，空格处缺少形容词，表示缺少形容词，表示“知名的知名的”。结合提示词可知应填。结合提示词可知应填known。此处表示华盛顿通常被看作美国之父，他也可能是美国最著此处表示华盛顿通常被看作美国之父，他也可能是美国最著名的政治家。名的政治家。 答案：答案：known5解析：解析：考查代词。根据语境分析，介词考查代词。根据语境分析，介词of后缺少宾语，后缺少宾语，且此处指代华盛顿，

39、故用且此处指代华盛顿，故用him。 答案：答案：him6解析：解析：考查冠词。由下文的考查冠词。由下文的“the quarterdollar coin”可判断，此处为特指，即特指华盛顿的头像印在可判断，此处为特指，即特指华盛顿的头像印在the onedollar bill上。上。 答案：答案：the7解析：解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本段的主体时考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本段的主体时态为一般现在时，且此处没有明确的表示其他时态的时间状态为一般现在时，且此处没有明确的表示其他时态的时间状语，由此可分析，此处应用一般现在时，而句中的主语语，由此可分析，此处应用一般现在时，而句中的主语“three universities”与动词与动词name之间存在动宾关系，故应用之间存在动宾关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语是复数，故填一般现在时的被动语态，又因