英语写作基础训练-认识句子,提升句子

1、英语写作基础训练第一部分、对英语句子的认识I. 写作中常见错误句型分析Beijing is a beautiful city, I enjoy living here.There are many people agree to keep pets at home.Although pets may pollute the environment.The new house is large, beautiful and has enough rooms for people to live in.There is a great difference between dining out a

2、nd to have a snack at home.We all against all kinds of terrorists activities.Dont worry. Your body will get well soon.The film had begun for 5 minutes when I got to the theatre.The western part of the city rained heavily yesterday evening.Our school have taken place great changes.II. 对英语句子的认识意义：英语的句

3、式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。什么是句子？长的是句子，短的是词。×无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。 am tired.Pressing ones palm together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as means “I am tired.”（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”）

4、一个谓语。1. 省略主语的句子Come in, please. (YouOpen the door.Sit down.Stand up.What a day! (What a terrible day it is!2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。典型错误： The old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee. 3 The boy ran to his mother cry.The boy ran to his mother cryi

5、ng.After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall. After he wrote the notice, he put it up on the wall.3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。 典型错误：1） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.Those who eat too much will easily get ill.2 When he walking in the park, he f

6、elt a little tired.When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired.3）When I at school, I studied very hard.When I was at school, I studied very hard.III. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。1. Birds can fly 是2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是3. Wait for me at the station 是4. If you know ho

7、w to play with words to make people laugh不是5. A way of saying “Im sorry” 不是6. Patting the stomach before a meal不是7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 是8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home不是9. If you want to know what it feels

8、like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space不是IV . 常见的句子结构（写作必备的五个基本句型）由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear 是及物动词。表示 “看” 这个意义时，look 是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice 就是及物动词

9、。表示 “到达”，arrive 是不及物动词，reach 是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。1. 主语 + 不及物动词The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m. occur?set out for the Pacific.changed a lot in the past forty years.lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语常见的系动词有：be, seem

10、, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smellHe became nervous when thinking of stealing.It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.Its much cheaper to camp than to stay in a hotel.I got caught in the traffic. Just then, the traffic light turned r

11、ed.He seemed to have misunderstood you.3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语We learn English at school.He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.I didnt mean to be so rude. We will send these goods to the flooded area.I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任

12、，直接宾语一般由物担任。give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,costmake, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。My brother gave me a book.Who sent you the computer?I wont tell you anything about it. Can you sing us an English song?Pass me the newspaper, please.5

13、. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA. Do you think it possible to finish it in one day?We are making our country more and more beautiful.改错练习：1. Please speak louder so that everybody can liste

14、n you.2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.4. He told me dont call him before 9 oclock.5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.7. Because the professor had fal

15、len ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.8. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means money.9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.【试题答案】1. listenhear2. 去掉been 3. knocking is knocking 4. dont not to 5. make to make 6. 去掉but 7. 去掉so8. seeswho

16、 sees 9. past passed 或 past walked past第二部分、如何提升句子I. 讨论下面习作并对比两篇范文：请根据以下的情景说明, 使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。标题为 My English Learning【情景说明】我学英语已经六年了，在英语学习上有了一定的进步，但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语， 争取早日掌握这门语言。范文1 My English LearningI have been learning English for over 6 years. I have made some pro

17、gress in my English. But I always feel English is hard to learn, especially some English idioms are difficult. I will work hard at this useful foreign language. I will try hard to grasp this foreign language.范文2 My English Learning It is six years since I began to learn English. With the help of my

18、teachers and classmates, I have made progress in my English. Now Im doing well both in writing and reading in English. But I still find it hard to learn English, such as some difficult idioms. Difficult as it is, I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work.II. 规范的英语句子从上述例子同

19、学们可以明白什么样的句子叫“规范的英语句子”。其实，“规范的英语句子”就是我们经常讲的三种句子：A 简单句:Hearing the news, he was happy.B 并列句:He gave me a book but I forgot to bring it back home.C 复合句:What he is doing has nothing to do with me.III. Here are 3 ways to make sentences:A. 巧妙运用短语，写出规范的简单句：1 借助名词短语做同位语如：李立，男，19岁，1986年生；籍贯：广东。Li Li, a boy

20、of 19, was born in Guangdong in 1986.2 借助介词短语做定语如：李飞，男，10岁，棕色短发，身穿白色茄克。Li Fei is a ten-year-old boy with short brown hair and a white jacket.3 借助介词短语做状语如：有了Tom 的帮助，我们很快就找到了他们的村子。With the help of Tom, we soon found their village.4 借助非谓语动词短语做定语或状语如：他们站在大树下，等待着总统的到来。They are standing under the big tree

21、, waiting for the president.B. 巧用连接词，写出规范的并列句：如：他给我钱，我不要。I was just walking down the street corner when I saw you.如：我刚到拐角处，就见到你啦。He gave me a lot money but I refused.C. 用好从句和引导词，写出规范的复合句：1 名词性从句如：老师生气。原因：王力迟到。That Wang Li came late to school made the teacher very angry.2 定语从句如：中国，地处亚洲东部；特点：地大物博、人口众多

22、。China, which lies in the east of Asia, is a great country with a large area and population as well as rich natural resources.3 状语从句如：雷锋还活在我们心中，我深受感动。I was deeply moved by this, because I know Lei Feng is still living in our hearts.D. 着意添加成分，实现高级扩展如果我们给一个简单句着意添加一些附加成分，句子的扩展性则会更强。以“他上学来晚了”为中心距，尝试添加附加

23、信息：他昨晚熬夜了；他没赶上车；他没耽误第一节课；不然他就赶上第一节课了。这样便会有以下句子：He stayed up last night, so he came to school late.He came to school late because he stayed up late last night.He missed the bus, so he came to school late.He missed the bus, but he didnt miss the first class.He missed the bus, or he wouldnt have missed

24、 the first class.E. 运用修辞手段，实现自由扩展。 运用修辞手段，实现自由扩展。 只要有几个句子罗列出现，句与句之间便有一定的关系。如果想表达承接、转折、因果、递进等关系， 扩展句子时，就可以根据下列词汇自由选择恰当的关联词。 用于不同功能的这类词汇有： 并列：and, as well as, also, bothand 等； 选择：or, either or, neithernor, otherwise 等； 原因：because, for, as, since, owing to, due to 等； 结果： so, therefore, thus, as a resul

25、t 等； 时间：when, before, later, first, and then, next 等； 比较：on the contrary, for another thing 等； 转折：but, yet, however, although, in spite of 等； 递进：besides, even, whats more, in addition 等； 举例：for example, such as, like, namely 等； 总结：in short, in general, in a word, in sum up 等 例如： Tom saw a bird. The

26、bird was wounded. He took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. He arrived home late. He was happy. 以上虽然都是简单句， 但 Tom 的行为线索还是非常清晰的。不过，这样表达，句子显得松散，意思 不够连贯。适当地添加关联系和运用一定的修辞手段，便可把 Tom 的活动串成一段更加连贯的文字 了： Tom saw a wounded bird, so he took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo prai

27、sed him. Though he came home late, he was happy. 如此表述，句子之间承接自然，句意连贯，远比单纯的简单句叙述得地道、贴切。不过，如果我们再 大胆地添加一些成分或关联词、过渡句，则会变成一段内容丰富的短文。 On the way home, tom, our monitor, saw a wounded bird that seemed to be dying. Without the slightest hesitation, he took the bird to the zoo nearby as soon as possible. Having known what had happened, all the workers in the zoo praised tom for his deep love for birds. Tome didnt go home until the bird was saved and treated properly in the zoo. It wa