现在分词作状语有几种形式

1、The ing-form used as adverbial2o 现在分词作状语有四种形式现在分词作状语有四种形式o 1.一般形式，由动词原形一般形式，由动词原形ing构成构成o 2.完成形式，由完成形式，由having+过去分词过去分词o 3.进行被动式：由进行被动式：由being过去分词过去分词o 4.完成被动式：由完成被动式：由having been过去过去分词构成分词构成3o-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语短语作状语o现在分词短语作状语时，通常现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作作，来对谓

2、语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬加以修饰或作为陪衬 4n Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.n They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.n Dont just stand there doing nothing.51.现在分词何时用一般形式现在分词何时用一般形式?o 当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式般形式oHe was ill and didnt att

3、end the meeting.o=Being ill, he didnt attend the meeting.6When he saw those picture ,he couldnt help thinking f those memorable days in the war. =Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those memorable days in the war. 7o 如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作作,这动作一发生这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立谓语表示的动作立即发生即发

4、生,也用分词的一般形式也用分词的一般形式. oHearing the news, they all jumped with joy.8oReaching home, he began writing a melody for it.oWalking out of the room, he found the boy still there.oArriving at the hotel, she found them busy laying tables. 92.现在分词何时用完成形式？现在分词何时用完成形式？o当分词的动作是由主语发出，而当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分

5、且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式词的完成形式oHaving finished the class, she went home.o=After she finished the class10Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.=As he had worked113.现在分词何时用进行被动式？现在分词何时用进行被动式？o当分词的动作由主语承受，而且当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时时oBeing criticized by t

6、he employer, the new employee hung his head.124.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受动作由主语承受 Having been beaten by the farmer, the horse went away. Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.13 Having been cut off from their source of su

7、pply, the guerrillas camped in the open and live on wild plants. 14现在分词作状语相当于状语从现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等随情况，结果或条件等15(1)相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句oa. Being ill, she didnt g to school today.o =As she is ill, ob. Having seen the film ,he didnt go to the cinema with them.o=Because he ha

8、d seen the film ,16oc. Feeling tired ，I went to bed early. o=Because I felt tired, od. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. oBecause we didnt know her address, 17oGreatly interested, I asked to have a try myself.oDelighted, the girls thought up many good ideas.18oa. Walking in

9、the street(=When I was walking in the street), I caught sight of a tailor shop. ob. Turning around (When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up.（2）相当于时间状语从句）相当于时间状语从句19oc. When leaving the airport (When they left the airport), they waved again and again.oD. Dont mention this while talki

10、ng to him (while you are talking to him).20(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等补充说明等oa. Holding the note in his hand, he stood there dumbfounded.ob. The students went away, running and laughing.oc. Staving, he wandered about. 21(4)表示结果表示结果oa. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.ob. we hurried to

11、 school ,finding there were no students in the school.oc. They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.22(5)表示条件表示条件oa. Staying here for some time, youll find the people here are friendly.ob. If playing all day ,you will waste your valuable time. 23o注意注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换分词替换o只有当分词和句子的主

12、语有逻只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换词替换24oBefore I came into the lab, the student had been seated.oCome into 的动作既不是的动作既不是students发出的也不是发出的也不是students承受，所承受，所以不能这样说以不能这样说oComing into the lab, the students had been seated.25o注意注意2：分词作状语时，分词和：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系谓关系o逻辑上的主谓

13、关系即分词的动作逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受由句子的主语发出或承受26oWe are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们的动作由主语我们发出发出oBeing scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由的动作由the boy承受承受27o注意注意3：如果分词和句子没有如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从词的独立主格结构或状语从句句28o现在分词的独立结

14、构为名词或代现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词分词，名词或代词是分词的词分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语oTime permitting, Ill call on you this Sunday.oThere being no money, he could buy nothing.29oHe entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.oProfessor Zhang having finished the lecture, his driver drove him home.30o分词作状语时分词作状语时,在少数情况下在少数情况下,其逻辑其