英语语言学——重音Stress

1、refers to relative emphasis or prominence（突出） given to a syllable（音节） in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence 1、word stress2、sentence stressThe location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun to a verb al

2、though its spelling remains unchanged. 如:contract , abstract , permit 这三个词的重音都放在第一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要，许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时，则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。uThe noun and the verb:The noun has the stress on the first syllable(音节) .The verb has the stress on the second syllable.For example: import(n.) -import

3、(v.) increase(n.)-increase(v.)uA compound noun and a phrase 由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的), baby-sit(临时照料小孩)等。1.复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上。如：handbag2.复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：ill-treat /illtri:t/ 虐待 。3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：green-eyed /gri:naid/ 嫉妒的 ;4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如：myself /maiself/ 我自己 ;uThe c

4、ombinations of ing forms and nouns复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第二个构成成分上。这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种-ing的形式,一种是作为名词前修饰语的-ing形式,另一种是作为复合词的前一部分。如running dog 重音在running上,表示“走狗”这一-ing形式+名词的复合词。如重音在dog上,则表示running用来修饰dog,意为“还在跑的狗”。Sentence stress refers to the relative force given to the components of a sentence. It can he

5、lp you to understand spoken English, even rapid spoken English.NounMain verbAdjectiveAdverbs Numerals（数词）Demonstrative pronouns（指示代词）An elephant is an animal.Her shirt is blue and white.Johnisnine.Mysecondbrotherisadoctor.Marylovesherdolls.speaksEnglishslowlyandcarefully.Articles（冠词）Person pronouns（

6、人称代词）Auxiliary verbs （助动词）Prepositions（介词）Conjunctions（连词）To give special emphasis to a sentence that is usually unstressed can be stressed.语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(plainstatementoffact)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(Butwedidntseeher.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(ButwedidnthearJohn.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(ButwedidnthearMarytalking.)Wehear